Taner Baysal’s research while affiliated with Ege University and other places

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Publications (97)


Figure 3. Scanning electron microscope images of chitosan films with TO (5000X magnification scale bar = 20 μm). (A) CF, (B) CF + 0.2% TO, (C) CF + 0.5% TO, (D) CF + 1% TO.
Analysis results of the mechanical properties of the obtained chitosan films.
TVC of black olive samples during 90 days storage at +4 and 25°C.
Characterization of chitosan films incorporating thyme oil and its effect on black olives
  • Article
  • Full-text available

January 2025

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24 Reads

Italian Journal of Food Science

Pınar Çoruhlu

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Ahsen Rayman Ergün

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Taner Baysal

This study purposed to determine the impacts of chitosan film (CF) (2%, w/v) coating combined with thyme oil (TO) (0.2%, 0.5%, 1%, (v/v)) on the quality properties of black olives during storage (3 months, +4 and 25°C). In the study, film properties (color, elongation at break, tensile strength, Young’s modulus, and scanning electron microscope (SEM)) were analyzed. In the second stage, table olive samples were assessed for physicochemical (% moisture, pH, titratable acidity, color (L*, a*, b* and ∆E*), and microbiological (yeast–mold and total viable count) properties. The average elongation at break, tensile strength, and Young’s modulus values of the obtained film coating samples were 70.02%, 16.66 MPa, 24.05 MPa for the CF; 74.69%, 14.79 MPa, 19.65 MPa for the CF + 0.2% TO; 77.21%, 10.79 MPa, 13.94 MPa for CF + 0.5% TO and 83.78%, 10.40 MPa, 12.69 MPa for CF + 1.0% TO group, respectively. Chitosan film sample was determined the highest tensile strength value and the CF+1% TO sample group was detected with the highest elongation at break. It was determined that the increase in the concentration of TO in the film increased the elongation at break and decreased the Young’s modulus value. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) surface images of group CF film have a homogeneous and uniform structure but added thyme oil occured a heterogeneous appearance. The L*, a*, b*, and ∆E* values increased with the addition of thyme oil and a statistically significant difference was found between samples (P < 0.05). The highest moisture loss was determined in the control (uncoated) group. The highest decrease in yeast–mold and total viable count value was found 4.89 log CFU/g CF + 0.2% TO and 5.21 log CFU/g in CF + 1.0% TO sample at the end of storage period at 4°C in table olives.

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Process flow chart for detoxification of OTA from raisins.
Recovery values (%) in spiked raisins (50 ppb spiked of raisins)
Water activity (aw) and moisture content of raisins
pH and TSS content of raisins
Decontamination of ochratoxin A from raisins by different processes: evaluation of efficiency and quality attributes

September 2024

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70 Reads

Gülce Ertek

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Taner Baysal

In this research, the effects of washing treatments (potassium carbonate (PC), potassium hydroxide (PH), peracetic acid (PA), alkaline hydrogen peroxide (AHP)), ultrasound (US) and high‐intensity pulsed light (HIPL) technologies on the removal of ochratoxin A (OTA) residues in raisins were investigated. PC at 5 min (66.60%), PH at 10 min (65.25%), alkaline hydrogen peroxide at 5 min (63.30%) and HIPL at 12 J cm⁻² (62.50%) were found to be the most successful applications in OTA degradation, respectively. Although the OTA degradation rate was high after chemical washing for 10 min, the raisins had a chemical odour. The results show that HIPL effectively reduces OTA levels in raisins without causing any quality loss.


Effects of Novel Light-based Technologies on the Inactivation of Escherichia coli and the Quality Characteristics of Spinach

June 2024

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13 Reads

In recent years, there has been an increasing trend towards the consumption of fresh or minimally processed foods. Researchers are therefore investigating non-thermal technologies for surface decontamination of fresh fruit and vegetables as an alternative to conventional methods. Pulsed light (PL) and ultraviolet light (UV-C) are two widely used techniques to effectively decontaminate fresh produce and food contact surfaces in food processing lines. The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have identified Escherichia coli O157:H7 as one of the major microorganisms that can spoil leafy vegetables and pose a risk to human health. To address this issue, this study investigates the effects of light-based techniques on fresh spinach decontamination and quality changes. The study also evaluates the effects of single and combined applications and their sequencing to determine the efficiency of microbial inactivation. Spinach was inoculated with Escherichia coli ATCC 26 by spot inoculation and surface decontamination was performed by a combination of UV-C and PL technologies. The process parameters were optimized considering color and inactivation rate. The distance between the samples and the light source was set at 12 cm, and the fluence of 12 J/cm2 was determined to be optimal. Quality characteristics evaluated included total soluble solids, pH, moisture, water activity, titratable acidity, total phenolic compounds, total chlorophyll content, color, texture, and microbiological analysis.The combined PL and UV-C treatment resulted in a reduction of E. coli by 2 log cycles with no significant effect on pH, acidity, water activity, moisture, and texture compared to the control group. This study highlights the effectiveness of the combined treatment of spinach with UV-C and PL, which can be used as an alternative to conventional washing methods to achieve microbial inactivation while maintaining the quality of the spinach.


Gıda Ambalajlarında Sürdürülebilirlik Yaklaşımları

September 2023

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44 Reads

Plastik bazlı ambalajlarının çevreye olan olumsuz etkileri ve meydana gelen atık problemi alternatif ve sürdürülebilir ambalajlara olan ilgiyi artmıştır. Sürdürülebilir ambalaj, üretiminde ve sonrasında minimum çevresel etkiye sahip, kolay dönüştürülebilen ya da dönüştürülmüş materyallerden yapılan, yenilenebilir, uygun maliyetli, temiz enerji ile elde edilen aynı zamanda uygulanabilir ve dayanıklı ambalaj olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Gıda sistemlerinde ambalaj tasarımı çalışmalarının sürdürülebilir olması, kaynakların etkin kullanımını sağlamakta ve çevresel sorunlara karşı bir çözüm oluşturmaktadır. Bu bağlamda gıda için uygulanan mevcut ambalaj çözümlerinin daha sürdürülebilir bir şekilde yeniden tasarlanması gerekmektedir. Ancak hangi tasarımın "daha uygun" olduğunu belirlemek, gıda değer zincirinin tamamı düşünüldüğünde oldukça kritiktir. Gıda ambalaj tasarımlarında doğru dönüşüm potansiyelini arttırmak için bütüncül bir yaklaşım uygulanmalıdır. Bu amaçla hammadde kaynaklarından tüketici sonrası işlemlere kadar uzanan tüm değer zinciri göz önünde bulundurulmalıdır. Gıda ambalajları bütünsel bir yaşam döngüsü yaklaşımı uygulanarak, sürdürülebilirlik kriterlerine göre tasarlanmalı, döngüsel ekonomiye fayda sağlamalı ve değer zinciri boyunca çevresel etkileri azaltmalıdır. Bu çalışma, sürdürülebilir gıda ambalajı tasarımlarında dikkate alınması gereken önemli parametreleri bütünsel bir bakış açısıyla sunmaktadır. Ayrıca bu alanda yaşanan gelişmeler ve karşılaşılan zorluklar bilimsel ve sektörel çalışmalar ile incelenmiştir. Elde edilen veriler doğrultusunda sürdürülebilir gıda ambalaj malzemesi üretimine yönelik bilgi birikimimiz artacak, sektörde farkındalığın artmasına katkı sağlanacak ve gelecekte yapılacak çalışmalara kılavuz oluşturacaktır.



Vurgulu Işık Teknolojisinin Mikrobiyal İnaktivasyonda Kullanım Potansiyelinin Değerlendirilmesi

September 2023

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19 Reads

Tüketicilerin minimal işlenmiş gıdalara olan talebi ve pazardaki artan rekabet, üreticileri besin değerlerini ve ürünlerin duyusal özelliklerini koruyan yeni gıda işleme teknolojilerine yönlendirmiştir. Bu teknolojilerden biri olan vurgulu ışık (PL) teknolojisi, gıda yüzeylerindeki mikroorganizmaları inaktive etmek için kullanılan, kısa süreli, yüksek yoğunluklu ve geniş spektrumlu (200-1100 nm) ışık vurgularını içeren, sürekli veya kesikli olarak uygulanabilen, ısıl olmayan yenilikçi bir gıda işleme tekniğidir. Gıda kalite özelliklerini önemli ölçüde etkilemeden mikrobiyal yükü azaltabilme potansiyeli nedeniyle, geleneksel pastörizasyon yöntemine alternatif olarak kullanımı son yıllarda araştırmacıların dikkatini çekmektedir. Vurgulu ışık, çeşitli gıdaların dekontaminasyonu ve temas yüzeylerinin dezenfeksiyonunda etkin bir şekilde kullanılabilmekte, gıda güvenliğini artırmakta ve raf ömrünü uzatmaktadır. İnaktivasyon etkinliği; gıdanın yüzey özellikleri, sıvı ise bulanıklığa bağlı penetrasyon derinliği, uygulanan enerji dozu, ışığın spektrum aralığı, örnek ile lamba arasındaki mesafe, mikroorganizma türü ve başlangıç yüküne bağlı olarak değişmektedir. Vurgulu ışık teknolojisi ile ilgili yapılan çalışmalar incelendiğinde; meyve sularının soğuk pastörizasyonu, taze meyve ve sebze yüzeylerinin dekontaminasyonu, yüzeylerde biyofilm inaktivasyonu, küf oluşumunun geciktirilmesiyle ekmek, peynir, yoğurt gibi ürünlerde raf ömrünün artırılması, et ve et ürünlerinde yüzeydeki mikrobiyal yükün azaltılması gibi birçok alanda başarılı bir şekilde kullanılmaktadır. Farklı gıda ürünlerinde inaktivasyon etkinliğini artırmak için vurgulu ışık teknolojisinin ultrases, ılımlı elektrik alan, vurgulu elektrik alan, enkapsüle antimikrobiyal maddeler, yenilebilir film ve kaplama uygulamaları gibi diğer ısıl olmayan teknolojilerle kombine kullanımlarının incelenmesi de önemli bir araştırma alanı haline gelmiştir. Ayrıca, kombine uygulamalarda işlem sırasının kritik öneme sahip olduğu, işlenen gıda ürününe bağlı olarak kombine uygulamaların sinerjistik veya antogonistik etki gösterebileceği belirtilmektedir. Bu çalışmada; vurgulu ışık teknolojisinin temelleri, kritik işlem parametreleri, farklı gıda ürünlerinin vurgulu ışık ile işlenmesi sonrasında mikrobiyal inaktivasyon oranları, kombine uygulamalar sonrası elde edilen sonuçlar ve bu teknolojinin endüstriye adapte edilebilirliğinin değerlendirilmesi gibi önemli konular özetlenmiştir.


Vurgulu Işık Uygulamasının Tava Ekmeğinde Küflenme ve Kalite Özellikleri Üzerine Etkileri

September 2023

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23 Reads

Fırıncılık ürünleri arasında en fazla tüketim payına sahip olan ekmeğin kısa sürede küflenmesi en önemli problemlerden biridir. Ekmek üretimi sonrasında uygun olmayan koşullarda paketleme, dilimleme makinesinden veya fırın ortamından kontaminasyon en önemli küflenme nedenlerindendir. Ekmeğin küflenmesi sonucunda ortaya çıkan atık sorunu, hem fırıncılık endüstrisi hem de tüketiciler için büyük ekonomik kayıplara neden olmaktadır. Son yıllarda, tüketicilerin katkısız ve minimum işlenmiş gıdalara yönelmesiyle katkısız ekmek üretiminde yeni yüzey dekontaminasyon teknikleri araştırma odağı haline gelmiştir. Yenilikçi ışık teknolojilerinden biri olan vurgulu ışık; 200-1100 nm dalga boyunda yüksek yoğunluklu ışığın, çok kısa sürelerde ve ışık vurguları şeklinde gıda yüzeylerine uygulanabilen, ısıl olmayan bir tekniktir. Ülke-mizde bu teknolojinin uygulaması ile ilgili yasal bir limit bulunmamakla birlikte, Gıda ve İlaç Dairesi (FDA) tarafından gıdalar ve gıdaların temas ettiği yüzeylerde kullanımı için en yüksek uygulama dozu 12 J/cm2 olarak rapor edilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı; yüksek yoğunluklu vurgulu ışık teknolojisinin tava ekmeğinde küflenme sorununun engellenmesi ve bazı kalite özellikleri üzerine etkilerinin incelenmesidir. Bu amaçla, 100 µl Penicillium chryosegenum süspansiyonu (103 spor/ml) ile inoküle edilen ekmek üst yüzeyi farklı enerji dozlarında (3, 6, 9 ve 12 J/cm2) vurgulu ışık sistemiyle işlenmiştir. Ekmek örneklerinden küf inoküle edilen ama vurgulu ışık ile işlenmeyen grup kontrol örneği olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Depolama süresince ekmek kalite özelliklerinden su aktivitesi, nem içeriği, renk, tekstür, toplam canlı bakteri sayısı ve toplam maya küf sayısındaki değişim incelenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, vurgulu ışık ile işlenen ekmeklerin kalite özelliklerinde olumsuz bir değişim olmadan, 12 J/cm2 enerji dozunda işlenen örneklerin raf ömrünün kontrol grubuna göre 3±1 gün daha fazla olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bulgular ışığında, katkısız tava ekmeği üretiminde vurgulu ışık teknolojisinin kimyasal koruyucuların yerini alabilecek ve endüstriyel uygulanabilir bir muhafaza yöntemi olduğu anlaşılmıştır.


Combined use of vacuum impregnation and encapsulation technologies for phenolic enrichment of strawberries

January 2023

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45 Reads

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8 Citations

Food Chemistry

Plant-based phenolic extracts have gained significant attention in the food industry due to their antimicrobial and health-promoting effects. However, their usage is limited because of poor water solubility and instability during processing. Therefore, encapsulation of phenolics with a suitable carrier system is essential for overcoming these problems and increasing their application in food products. In this study, encapsulated phenolic extracts were used for the first time in vacuum impregnation (VI). For this purpose, different phenolic extracts (cinnamon, turmeric, pomegranate peel) were obtained from the plant source. PPE was selected because it has the highest total phenolic content, antioxidant capacity, and antimicrobial activity against Botrytis cinerea. Then, PPE was encapsulated with different emulsifiers (T80, GMO, IN, WPI, and LEC). After the characterization and stability studies were performed, PPE encapsulated with T80 was used to produce a functional strawberry snack by VI technology. The results showed that the diffusion rate of EPPE was significantly increased compared to the control and PPE-VI group. EPPE-enriched strawberries were the preferred snack with high-quality characteristics.


Novel approaches for probiotic encapsulation and R&D perspectives in designing functional fruit-based products

October 2022

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32 Reads

In recent years, the demand for probiotic functional foods has increased rapidly due to their relationship with human health. Probiotics have many positive effects, such as producing various bioactive compounds, preventing the colonization of pathogenic bacteria, and regulating the immune system. To show their beneficial effects, they must be stable against environmental factors and be able to adhere to and colonize the human intestine. For this purpose, different encapsulation technologies such as emulsification, freeze drying, ionic gelation, and spray drying are used. In addition, the global market for probiotic supplements and fruit-based snacks has been expanding rapidly, and encapsulation of probiotics is preferred to improve the resistance of probiotics to harsh manufacturing processes such as drying, freezing, and extrusion. This review highlights recent studies of probiotic cells encapsulated by different encapsulation methods, their usage in fruit-based functional products, and the challenges of incorporation with food matrices. Also, studies analyzing the stability and viability of encapsulated probiotic cells applied in food will be presented and evaluated. When scientific research is examined, although many methods are not widely used for probiotic encapsulation in the food industry, some formulations can be easily adapted to the industry. Finally, it should be noted that in vivo studies are very important to prove the efficacy of these products.


Clinical trials
Food Studies
Beta-Glucan as a Novel Functional Fiber: Functional Properties, Health Benefits and Food Applications

September 2022

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140 Reads

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4 Citations

Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology

Recently the demand for functional food components such as prebiotics, probiotics, and phenolic compounds are increased. Nowadays, β-glucan, dietary fiber, and biologically active natural polysaccharide, exhibit properties like a prebiotic effect and immune system support. Furthermore, clinical studies have shown that daily intake of 250-500 mg β-glucan has several benefits on the immune system, showing low glycemic index, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. It is a polysaccharide composed of D-glucose monomers connected with β-glycoside bonds, found in natural sources like yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), some edible mushrooms, algae, and cereal grains. β-Glucan is more resistant and preserves its stability during food processing technologies (drying, freezing, etc.). Especially, β-glucan originated from baker's yeast (S. cerevisiae) has many immunostimulatory properties, such as hypoglycemic, anti-inflammatory, immune-modulatory, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. Also, the utilization of β-glucan in the food industry has increased regarding to their techno-functional properties like gelation, viscosity, solubility, and encapsulating agent. Therefore, this review highlights recently published research results on the functional properties, health benefits and clinical studies, the effects on the interaction with the other food compounds, and the potential food applications of β-glucans.


Citations (56)


... β-glucan is a type of non-starch polysaccharide found in barley, composed of β-d-glucopyranosyl units connected via (1 → 4) and (1 → 3) bonds, building a "stair-step" structure (Blandino et al. 2015) as demonstrated in Fig. 2. Higher molecular weight β-glucans form viscous solutions at a lower concentration, whereas low molecule weight β-glucan creates softer gel at high concentrations (Sinangil et al. 2022). Additionally, physical behaviors such as drying, cooking, freezing, and refrigeration impact their molecular, morphological, and rheological properties of β-glucans (Lante et al. 2023). ...

Reference:

Exploring the Significance of β-glucan in Grains of Hulless Barley
Beta-Glucan as a Novel Functional Fiber: Functional Properties, Health Benefits and Food Applications

Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology

... Production of the heat-resistant endospores help bacterium to survive under very high acidic conditions. Even this endospore formation helped bacterium to survive in pasteurization regimes (Baysal and Taştan 2022). The growth of A. acidocaldarius can result genus of the alicyclobacillus is thermo-acidophilic endospore forming bacterial genus (Walker and Phillips 2008). ...

Decontamination of Fruit Juices by Combination of High Intensity Pulsed Light and Other Nonthermal Technologies
  • Citing Chapter
  • September 2022

... Firstly, the obtaining of extracts from JAP and functional snacks for use in TPC and TAC analyses was conducted with modifications to the method provided by Ertek et al. (2023). About 10 mL of 80% methanol-water solution was added to 1 g of sample. ...

Combined use of vacuum impregnation and encapsulation technologies for phenolic enrichment of strawberries
  • Citing Article
  • January 2023

Food Chemistry

... Thus, UVC treatment is generally considered as a surface treatment. Various studies have been conducted to examine inactivation effects of UVC light on surface microorganisms in foods including fruits and vegetables such as lettuce, strawberries, and tomatoes (Cho et al., 2022), cherries (Kutlu et al., 2022), fresh-cut pitaya (Zhai et al., 2021), strawberries (Janisiewicz et al., 2021;Ortiz-Solà et al., 2021), apple (Rios de Souza et al., 2020), lettuce (Green et al., 2020), oranges (Gündüz et al., 2015), pear (Sun et al., 2022), apricot (Hakguder Taze andUnluturk, 2018). Dose, exposure times, wavelength, light sources, the distance of sample and lamps, the number of UVC lamps and their position, uniform distribution of light on all surfaces (effective exposure), temperature, type and characteristics of foods, type of microorganism on food surfaces, are vital parameters to determine the efficiency of the UVC treatment. ...

Decontamination of frozen cherries by innovative light-based technologies: Assessment of microbial inactivation and quality changes
  • Citing Article
  • June 2022

Food Control

... B. coagulans GBI-30 6086 fared the best out of all the strains Fig. 2 Co-occurrence analysis of probiotic Bacillus research in the food field. a Draw a keyword map of the research field; b arrange the distribution of keywords in order of appearance, with blue keywords appearing before yellow keywords; c distribute keywords according to average frequency of occurrence; e-g partial enlargement of keywords that appear more frequently and appearance, while scoring higher in texture, taste, and aroma compared to controls at statistically significant levels [37] Content courtesy of Springer Nature, terms of use apply. Rights reserved. ...

Development of intermediate-moisture apricot with impregnation of Bacillus coagulans GBI-30 6086 as a functional snack: Quality assessment during storage

... In conventional heat treatment, where the thickness of the flesh is decreased, this profile can be utilized to simulate the trend in the time-temperature variation in microwave processing. Rapid heating can effectively mitigate the extent of structural damage to the target product and significantly enhance the efficacy of microbial inactivation [25]. Likewise, rapid heating significantly reduces the food processing time, thereby enhancing product yield and reducing costs. ...

Inactivation of Zygosaccharomyces rouxii in organic intermediate moisture apricot and fig by microwave pasteurization
  • Citing Article
  • August 2021

LWT

... This extraction process, which includes ultrasonication, prolonged incubation, and two-step filtration, was designed to ensure maximum transfer of the target compounds from the dried powder into the extraction solution. The final clear filtrates were ready for analysis (Akbulut et al. 2021;Uysal et al. 2016). ...

Drying of Apricots Treated with Ginkgo Biloba Plant Extract and Determinatıon of The Quality Properties
  • Citing Article
  • February 2021

Journal of Advanced Research in Natural and Applied Sciences

... The above changes are also affected by the freezing method used. According to Ergün et al. [45], quick freezing of strawberry fruit caused less adverse changes in the colour, structure, and antioxidant activity of the fruit than static freezing. ...

The effects of the novel home freezing system on microstructure, color, antioxidant activity, and microbiological properties of strawberries

International Journal of Refrigeration

... Although grapes coated with HPMC films incorporating bulk carvacrol (Fig. 7) or carvacrol NE with particle size 114 AE 0.4 nm and zeta potential of À28.7 AE 2.6 mV showed browning and softening after day 14 of storage, a pronounced reduction of the total viable counts, yeasts, and molds was observed, with the nanosized formulation being more efficient. Until day 3 of storage, no bacteria, yeast, or mold spores in a sample were estimated while the control achieved 4.88 log CFU/g of total viable count (Giray et al., 2020). O/W NEs of geraniol and carvacrol prepared via ultrasonication using MCT (carrier oil) and Tween 80 and gum arabic (emulsifiers) applied as a coating on raw goat meat surface maintained their antibacterial efficiency against Bacillus cereus MTCC 430 and E. coli MTCC 443 through day 9 of storage at 4°C (Syed et al., 2020). ...

Effects of Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose Film Incorporated with Carvacrol and Its Nanoemulsion on the Quality of Grapes

Chiang Mai Journal of Science

... For example, sugar beet molasses was used as fermentation medium for production of natural bacteria exopolysaccharide called "levan" which has unique characteristics for different food applications (Gojgic-Cvijovic et al., 2019). Carob molasses can also be converted into a high-quality prebiotic product with decreased sucrose content, using microbial fermentation (Taştan et al., 2019). In addition, sugarcane molasses is used, via microbial fermentation, for the production of ethanol (Arshad et al., 2019) and other food-related short and medium chain organic acids like acetic, propionic, butyric , lactic and caproic (Cavalcante et al., 2020) acids. ...

Production of prebiotic 6-kestose using Zymomonas mobilis levansucrase in carob molasses and its effect on 5-HMF levels during storage
  • Citing Article
  • May 2019

Food Chemistry