T. Czerniawski’s research while affiliated with Nicolaus Copernicus University and other places

On the basis of the factorial method of experiment design the radical copolymerizations of acrylonitrile with zinc or copper acrylate in dimethylformamide solution have been studied. The constants of the kinetic equations are clearly dependent on the kind of metal iron in the acrylate. Auf Basis der faktoriellen Versuchsplanung wurde die radikalische Copolymerisation von Acrylnitril mit Zink-bzw. Cupferacrylat in Dimethylformamid untersucht. Die Konstanten der kinetischen Gleichungen weisen eine deutliche Abhängigkeit von der Art des Metallions im Acrylat auf.

The results of an investigation of the inhibited copolymerization of acrylonitrile with zinc acrylate in dimethylformamide are reported. Azobisisobutyronitrile and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl were used as initiator and inhibitor, respectively. The obtained values of 2kdf = 1.60·10−5s−1 at 333 K and of the activation energy E = 127 kJ·mol−1 are within the limits of error to those obtained at the homopolymerization of acrylonitrile. This may be related to the large excess of acrylonitrile in the initial mixture with zinc acrylate. Die Ergebnisse einer Untersuchung der inhibierten Copolymerisation von Acrylnitril und Zinkacrylat in Dimethylformamid werden mitgeteilt. Als Initator und Inhibitor wurden Azobisisobutyronitril beziehungsweise 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl eingesetzt. Die erhaltenen Werte von 2kdf = 1,60·10−5s−1 bei 333 K und der Aktivierungsenergie E = 127 kJ·mol−1 stimmen innerhalb der Fehlergrenzen mit den Werten überein, die bei der Homopolymerisation von Acrylnitril gefunden wurden. Dies wird mit dem großen Überschuß des Acrylnitrils gegenüber dem Zinkacrylat in der Ausgangsmischung erklärt.

Results for the determination of initiation rate of the polymerization reaction of lithium methacrylate and its copolymerization with acrylonitrile in dimethylformamide at various temperatures are reported. The inhibition method involving the stable radical N,N-diphenyl-N′-picrylhydrazyl has been used. The initiation rate constant 2kdf and the activation energy of initiation E2kdf have been determined. An influence of the initial monomer mixture concentration on the measured quantities has been revealed.

Model-based control systems for processes with a time delay and slow disturbance dynamics are examined and compared. Two of them have a two-degrees-of-freedom Internal Model Control (IMC) structure: the first one (IMC-22) was presented by the authors earlier, and the second one (IMC-GAP) is derived from the Generalized Analytical Predictor (GAP). The nature of the difference between the two is illustrated in a control system with first order process and disturbance transfer function models. The performance of the two is compared for a first and a second order process, the process types for which the GAP was designed. The same type of performance comparison is done for a third controller type, the Model-Dependent Control (MDC), and for the IMC-PID controller derived from an IMC structure. Some modifications of the GAP and MDC controllers are proposed in order to improve the input characteristics as in the IMC-22 controller. The controllers are tuned for equal robust stability in several cases of process parameter uncertainty.

This article focuses on how cultures are embedded in diverse ways of knowing and how individuals teach (formal, action research, spiritual) and learn the world (action, science, technique or gnosis) differently. We present case-studies or stories of teaching and learning futures and futures generations. These stories tell the fundamental difficulties we face in teaching, communicating and learning across civilization, profession, worldview and pedagogical style. We offer a futures method, causal layered analysis, as one way to enter different knowing spaces. The educational challenge ahead of us is to pass on the rich diversity of culture and ways of knowing to future generations.

Results for the determination of the initiation rate of polymerization reaction of zinc, cobalt and nickel acrylates, initiated by 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitryle in dimethylformamide at different temperatures are reported. The inhibition method involving the stable radical N,N-diphenyl-N′-picryl-hydrazyl has been used. The initiation rate constants 2kdf and activation energy of initiation E2kdf have been determined.

On the basis of the factorial method of experiment design the radical copolymerizations of acrylonitrile with cobalt and nickel acrylate in dimethylformamide solution have been studied. The values of the constants of the copolymerization rate equations are similar in both investigated systems. Auf Basis der faktorielen Versuchsplanung wurde die radikalische Copolymerisation von Acrylnitril mit Cobalt- bzw. Nickelacrylat in Dimethylformamid untersucht. Die Konstanten der kinetischen Gleichung für die Copolymerisationsgeschwindigkeit haben in den beiden untersuchten Systemen ähnliche Werte.

On the basis of factorial method of experiment design the radical polymerization of cobalt and nickel acrylate in dimethylformamide solution has been studied. The influence of the kind of metal in the acrylate on the values of the constants in the overall polymerization equation has been revealed. Auf Basis der faktoriellen Versuchsplanung wurde die radikalische Polymerisation von Cobalt- und Nickelacrylat in Dimethylformamidlösung untersucht. Der Einfluß des Metalls im Acrylat auf die Konstanten der allgemeinen Polymerisationsgleichung wurde ermittelt.

On the basis of factorial method of experiment design, the radical polymerization of zinc acrylate in dimethylformamide solution has been studied. The values of orders of reaction with respect to monomer and initiator revealed essential differences from those assumed by the classical polymerization rate equation.Auf Basis der faktoriellen Versuchsplanung wurde die radikalische Polymerisation von Zinkacrylat in Dimethylformamidlösung untersucht. Die Werte der Reaktionsordnung bezüglich Monomer und Initiator weisen deutliche Abweichungen gegenüber den Werten auf, die nach der klassischen Gleichung für die Polymerisationsgeschwindigkeit angenommen werden.

The results of the copolymerization of acrylonitrile with cobalt, nickel and copper acrylates in dimethylformamide solution at 60°C with AIBN as an initiator are presented. The copolymerization parameters are discussed. Die Ergebnisse der in Dimethylformamidlösung bei 60°C durch AIBN initiierten Copolymerisation von Acrylnitril mit Cobalt-, Nickel- und Cupferacrylaten werden vorgestellt. Die Copolymerisationsparameter werden diskutiert.