Susan Rutman’s research while affiliated with Wilfrid Laurier University and other places

ABSTRACT A floristic and natural history account is provided for the spurge family as part of the vascular plant flora of the contiguous protected areas of Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge, and the Tinajas Altas Region in the Sonoran Desert of southwestern Arizona. This contribution includes 31 species in 8 genera, all of which are native to the region except Euphorbia prostrata and perhaps Euphorbia spathulata. At least 9 species are represented in fossil record. Euphorbia, with 18 species, is the most diverse genus in the flora of southwest Arizona. Euphorbia spathulata is the only obligate cool-season ephemeral among the spurge family in the flora area and is not known elsewhere in the core area of the Sonoran Desert, and Jatropha cinerea is not known elsewhere in the USA.

A floristic account is provided for the mustard and frankincense families as part of the vascular plant flora of the contiguous protected areas of Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge, and the Tinajas Altas Region in the Sonoran Desert of southwestern Arizona. The mustard family in the flora area includes 23 genera and 32 species; the majority are cool-season annuals (ephemerals). There are no hot-season annuals. Lyrocarpa coulteri and Hesperidanthus are the only mustards in the flora area growing during the warmer seasons. Among the 12 non-native species only 3 are established as reproducing populations in the flora area. Five species are represented in the fossil record. Sibara angelorum in Cabeza Prieta NWR is the only record for the United States. The frankincense family includes a single species (Bursera microphylla) in the flora area as well as in southwestern USA. This is the eleventh contribution for this flora published in Phytoneuron and also posted open-access on the website of the University of Arizona Herbarium (ARIZ). This contribution to the vascular plant flora in southwestern Arizona is the eleventh published in a series in Phytoneuron and also posted open-access on the website of the University of Arizona Herbarium (ARIZ). The area of coverage is that of the contiguous protected areas of Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, Cabeza Prieta NWR, and the Tinajas Altas Region in the heart of the Sonoran Desert (Figure 1). Two eudicot families are included in this contribution: Brassicaceae and Burseraceae.

A floristic account is provided for the morning glory family as part of the vascular plant flora of the contiguous protected areas of Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge, and the Tinajas Altas Region in the heart of Sonoran Desert in southwestern Arizona. The family includes 11 species in 4 genera (Cuscuta, Evolvulus, Ipomoea, Jacquemontia) in the flora area, all of which are native. This is the ninth contribution for this flora published in Phytoneuron and also posted open access on the website of the University of Arizona Herbarium (ARIZ). The first part of the Flora of southwestern Arizona flora series includes maps and brief descriptions of the physical, biological, ecological, floristic, and deep history of the flora area (Felger et al. 2013a) and explanations for the format for the species accounts is given in part 3 (Felger et al. 2013b). These contributions are also posted open access on the website of the University of Arizona Herbarium (ARIZ). Vernacular, or common names, when known, or deemed worthwhile, are given in English, Spanish, and the Hia C-ed O'odham dialect, respectively. The one fossil specimen is marked with a dagger symbol (†). Area designations are: OP = Organ Pipe Cactus National

A floristic account is provided for three eudicot families as part of the vascular plant flora of the contiguous protected areas of Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge, and the Tinajas Altas Region in the heart of the Sonoran Desert of southwestern Arizona: Berberidaceae with 2 species, Bignoniaceae with 1 species, and Boraginaceae sensu lato with 34 modern species plus one fossil species no longer present. Among the 3 families, at least 13 of these species are also known from fossils recovered from Ice Age packrat (Neotoma) middens. This is the tenth contribution for this flora, published in Phytoneuron and also posted open access on the website of the University of Arizona Herbarium (ARIZ). This contribution to our flora in southwestern Arizona (Figure 1) is the tenth published in a series in Phytoneuron and also posted open access on the website of the University of Arizona Herbarium (ARIZ). Three eudicot families are included in this contribution: Berberidaceae (1 genus with 2 species, and at least 1 species represented by fossils); Bignoniaceae (1 genus with 1 species), and Boraginaceae sensu lato (14 genera with 35 species, including 12 species represented by fossils). (Table 1). There are no non-native taxa in the flora area among the 3 families.

A floristic account is provided for seven eudicot families as part of the vascular plant flora of the contiguous protected areas of Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge, and the Tinajas Altas Region in southwestern Arizona: Acanthaceae (5 genera, 7 species), Adoxaceae (1 genus, 1 species), Aizoaceae (2 genera, 3 species), Amaranthaceae (12 genera, 22 species), Anacardiaceae (1 genus, 2 species), Apiaceae (6 genera, 6 species), and Apocynaceae (5 genera, 10 species). This is the eighth contribution for this flora published in Phytoneuron and also posted open access on the website of the University of Arizona Herbarium (ARIZ). This contribution to our flora in southwestern Arizona is the eighth published in a series in Phytoneuron and also posted open access on the website of the University of Arizona Herbarium (ARIZ; Figure 1). Seven eudicot families are included in this contribution: Acanthaceae (5 genera, 7 species), Adoxaceae (1 genus, 1 species), Aizoaceae (2 genera, 3 species), Amaranthaceae (12 genera, 22 species), Anacardiaceae (1 genus, 2 species), Apiaceae (6 genera, 6 species), and Apocynaceae (5 genera, 10 species). The first article in this series includes maps and brief descriptions of the physical, biological, ecological, floristic, and deep history of the flora area (Felger et al. 2013a). This flora includes the modern, present-day taxa as well as fossil records from packrat middens. Explanation of the format for the flora series is provided in part 3 (Felger et al. 2013b). These contributions are also posted open access on the website of the University of Arizona Herbarium (ARIZ). Family designations follow APG III (Angiosperm Phylogeny Group 2009; also see Stevens 2001). Vernacular, or common names, when known or deemed worthwhile, are given in English, Spanish, and the Hia-Ced O'odham dialect, respectively. Fossil specimens are indicated with a dagger symbol () and taxa represented by fossils no longer present in the flora are marked with two dagger symbols (). All specimens cited are at the University of Arizona Herbarium (ARIZ) unless otherwise indicated by the

A floristic account is provided for the eleven monocot families except the grass family as part of the vascular plant flora of the contiguous protected areas of Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge, and the Tinajas Altas Region in southwestern Arizona: Amaryllidaceae, Asparagaceae, Commelinaceae, Cyperaceae, Hydrocharitaceae, Iridaceae, Juncaceae, Liliaceae, Potamogetonaceae, Ruppiaceae, and Typhaceae. This is the fifth contribution for this flora, published in Phytoneuron and also posted open access on the website of the University of Arizona Herbarium (ARIZ). Twelve monocot families occur in the flora area of the contiguous protected areas of Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge, and the Tinajas Altas Region in southwestern Arizona (Figure 1). This contribution includes all the local monocots except the Poaceae: Amaryllidaceae, Asparagaceae, Commelinaceae, Cyperaceae, Hydrocharitaceae, Iridaceae, Juncaceae, Liliaceae, Potamogetonaceae, Ruppiaceae, and Typhaceae. These eleven families include 35 taxa (34 species and one hybrid) in 22 genera. Six of these species are known from fossils from packrat middens, two of which are no longer present in the flora area: Spanish bayonet (Hesperoyucca) and Joshua tree (Yucca brevifolia and/or Y. jaegeriana). There are no non-natives among the 11 families. In addition, one non-native, a palm (Arecaceae), is no longer present and an arrowhead (Alismataceae) may have once been present. The 35 taxa include a wide range of growth forms including ephemerals (annuals), delicate submerged aquatics, annual and perennial wetland plants, succulent-leaved rosette plants, shrub-or small-tree-sized rosette plants, and geophytes. There are six bulb-forming geophytes: Allium, Calochortus, Dichelostemma, Habranthus, Hesperocallis, and Triteleiopsis. These geophytes have showy flowers and are prominent during their particular growing and flowering/fruiting season but during dormant times, which are the majority of months of the year, above-ground parts generally will not be seen.

A floristic account is provided for the Aristolochiaceae and Saururaceae (Magnoliids) as part of the vascular plant flora of the contiguous protected areas of Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge, and the Tinajas Altas Region in southwestern Arizona—the heart of the Sonoran Desert. This floristic treatment includes brief descriptions, common names when available in English, Spanish, and the local O'odham language, local and global distributions, ethnobotanical information, and specimen citations. This is the fourth contribution for our flora. These contributions are also posted open access on the website of the University of Arizona Herbarium (ARIZ). This publication is a floristic account of the Aristolochiaceae and Saururaceae (Magnoliids) as part of the vascular plant flora of the contiguous protected areas of Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge, and the Tinajas Altas Region in southwestern Arizona (Figure 1). This is the fourth contribution to our flora in southwestern Arizona, following the introduction of the flora (Felger et al. 2013a), a checklist of the modern and fossil flora (Felger et al. 2013b), and the fern, lycopods, and gymnosperms (Felger et al. 2013c). Explanation of the format for the flora is provided in part 3 (Felger et al. 2013c). These contributions are also posted open-access on the website of the University of Arizona Herbarium (ARIZ).