Sung-Gwan Jung’s scientific contributions

The purpose of this study was to analyze the perception factors of a pedestrian environment that affect pedestrian environment satisfaction(PES) and determine the relationship between PES and the expected effects of health promotion. The targeted areas of study are neighborhood parks in Suseong-gu, Daegu city. First, regarding the results for the evaluation of pedestrian environment perception, `Gentle slope` was rated the highest, while factors regarding pedestrian safety such as `Lots of unpleasant elements`, `Risk from biking and motorcycling` and `Many obstacles on sidewalks` were rated low. A stepwise regression analysis showed that factors such as `Fresh air`, `Beautiful scenery`, `Continuity of the sidewalks`, `Various attractions`, `The shade of trees` and `Lots of unpleasant elements` influenced the PES. Therefore, creating fresh air and shade trees by planting trees and removing unpleasant elements from pedestrian areas are important. Also, it is necessary to cultivate beautiful scenery and attractions through street improvement and improve the continuity of the sidewalks. Finally, in terms of path analysis, PES influenced the frequency of park use, the expected effects of physical and mental health promotion both directly and indirectly.

This study analyzed the influence of the perception of physical environment on user satisfaction and park use when people use the park to improve their health. The study is focused on neighborhood parks in Suseong-gu, Daegu city. Statistical analyses were employed to data collected from 143 visitors on site. First of all, in the perception evaluation of the physical environment of the park, accessibility and pedestrian environment are the highest at 4.04, while water space and attractions in the park as the lowest parts are at 2.32 and 2.66. After conduct factor analysis to type 22 physical environmental awareness components, five main factors--Comfort, Availability, Amenity, Facilities convenience and Visuality--were classified. Then, satisfaction and influence on park use were analyzed. As a result, the factors affecting user satisfaction were comfort, availability, amenity and facility convenience. Among them, the category of amenity was the most influential factor at 0.315. The factors affecting the park use were availability and amenity. Availability factor had a higher influence at 0.396 than amenity at 0.293. Therefore, in order to improve satisfaction and park use for health improvement, it is necessary to secure sufficient green areas and create a pleasant environment. Also, it is necessary to improve the quality of walkability from homes to parks, trail improvement and other improvements.

The purpose of this study is to suggest an improvement plan for the waterfront by conducting an empirical analysis of users of the city`s waterfront. For this purpose, this study conducted a field investigation and questionnaire survey on the waterfront of Sincheon, Daegu Metropolitan City. Based on this, this study investigated the importance and satisfaction levels of environmental factors according to the purpose of using the waterfront and proposed the improvement plans through an ISA(Importance-Satisfaction Analysis). The analysis results are as follows. In the case of using the waterfront for exercise, `The division of bicycle trails and promenades` had the highest level of importance, while satisfaction level for items with `Convenience facilities such as vending machines, toilets and water fountains` was found to be the lowest. In the case of using the waterfront for leisure and relaxation, `Tree shade` had the highest level of importance, and the satisfaction level of the item on `Whether to hold events such as exhibitions` was lowest. The ISA results showed that when the waterfront was used for the purpose of exercise, leisure and relaxation, items such as `Convenience facilities such as vending machines, toilets and water fountains`, `Cleanliness of space and water quality` and `Water quality management` had a high level of importance, but had a low level of satisfaction, which suggests that they should be improved on a preferential basis. Next, items requiring intensive improvement for exercise purposes were `Tree shade`, `Rest facilities such as benches and pergolas`, `Width of bicycle trails and promenades` and `The division of bicycle trails and promenades`. Leisure and relaxation found that `Lighting facilities` require improvement. It is expected that if a river improvement project is implemented based on the above results, effective financial commitment and investment will be made.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of neighborhood environmental perception on park use for health. The study area is focused on neighborhood parks in Suseong-gu, Daegu city. The analysis results are based on questionnaires of 303 respondents. According to the results, park use for health improvement was significantly associated with the perceptions of accessibility to a marketplace, availability of public transit, accessibility to the park, enough sidewalks, number of crosswalks, and athletic population. The probability of park use increased by 2.326 times as the satisfaction of accessibility to the park increased. Also, greater athletic population, fewer crosswalks, and more sidewalks lead to increase of park use by 1.701, 1.617, and 1.642 times, respectively. Therefore, it is important to increase the available neighborhood parks around residences and to develop exercise programs that people can use continuously in order to vitalize park use for health improvement. Also, it is necessary to improve the convenience of walking such as development of pedestrian streets or malls between residences and parks.

The purpose of this study is to analyze users` behavior and facility satisfaction and to suggest the practical solution plans for environmental improvement of trails in Suseong recreation park in Daegu. Therefore, satisfaction factor analysis on trails was carried out based on a field and questionnaire survey in Suseong recreation park. First, from users` behavior, 48% of users visited Suseong recreation park for walking. The greatest response to number of visits was once or twice a week, and average use time per visit was 80.4 minutes. In terms of trails, the greater responses to the number of visits were once(38.1%) or more than 5 times(23.8%), and average use time was 45.4 minutes. According to the results from the analysis of facility satisfaction, management condition, length, slope, and adjacent natural landscape of trails were evaluated at a satisfaction rate higher than 3.4 points. However, water pollution, and number of exits and parking lots were analyzed at a low rate of 2.75 and 2.78 points, respectively. In terms of analyzing determining factors of facility satisfaction for trails, use of facilities, walking convenience, surrounding landscapes, amenities, and noise had a significantly positive effect on satisfaction. In particular, walking convenience was the highest effect factor; its standardized coefficient was 0.533. The findings from this study can contribute to the improvement of the physical environment for trails of Suseong recreation park and provide basic data for plan and maintenance of similar waterside trails.

The Daegu Metropolitan Transit Corporation Advisory Committee has chosen 5 styles of bridge-pier designs, including coating, graphic, planting, billboard and safety-facility style, based on the results of landscape simulations from a previous study. This study was conducted to investigate citizen`s preferences and emotional images for each style of bridge-pier design, by aiming at the pilot urban landscape improvement section from Daebong Bridge in Suseong Gu to the crossroads near Dongseong Elementary School in Daegu Metropolitan City. The questionnaire was drawn up regarding the urban landscape improvement plans applied to the research area, and the questions were about citizens` perception of bridge-pier structures generated by constructing a light rail transit, important factors to consider when designing bridge piers, preferences for each style of bridge-pier design and emotional impact. 60.4% of the survey participants were found to perceive bridge-pier structures as unattractive, so it was necessary to improve them aesthetically. Regarding visual factors of bridge-pier designs, color was most important at 5.81, followed by form at 5.57. Regarding aesthetic component factors, harmony was most important at 6.07, followed by amenity at 6.00. In the survey participants` preference for each bridge-pier design, the graphic style was preferred most at 4.14, followed by the planting style. In emotional adjectives used for each bridge-pier design, the coating style, the safety-facility style and the non-treatment style showed similar results, and all of these styles were evaluated as artificial, lifeless and desolate. The graphic style and the billboard style showed different tendencies, depending on visual factors and aesthetic component factors applied to the graphic design used for these two bridge-pier styles. Since natural materials were used for the planting style, however, it showed high preference for such emotional images as natural and lively. The emotional adjective `amiable` was found to affect citizens` preferences for each bridge-pier aesthetic improvement plan most, and it was also analyzed to have an effect on all the styles of bridge-pier designs. To improve the landscape of a light rail transit being constructed inside the urban area, this study quantitatively extracted citizens` preferences and emotional adjective for every style of bridge-pier design applied to the pilot urban landscape improvement section, and it is expected that the results of this study will be used as basic data to improve the landscape of bridge piers.

The user behaviors in the parks around the commercial area may have different characteristics in comparison with the behaviors in typical neighborhood parks because they may be affected by nearby commercial facilities. The purpose of this study is to explore the characteristics of park users`behavior considering adjacent environments in the neighborhood parks located in central business district of Daegu and to suggest improvements and complements for the construction of new parks and remodeling current parks. According to the results, the land values were high and the percentage of deteriorated buildings was low around Gukchae Reward Movement Memorial Park and 2.28 Central Memorial Park. However, the commercial facilities were entirely declined along with a drop in land values around Gyeongsang-gamyeong Park and old people used this park more than young people. In terms of the purpose of park use, users of three parks had indirect behavior patterns related near commercial facilities rather than using directly park facilities and the age groups of park users were similar to the user groups of nearby commercial facilities. Also, the determinant factors of satisfaction with park use were varied depending on the difference of age groups of park users and park characteristics. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the effects of user age groups according to the changes of environment around parks for the construction and organization of parks.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of environmental perception in neighborhood parks on user`s recognition of health improvement. This study used objective field survey data and subjective user survey data at 8 neighborhood parks in Changwon City. According to the results, the perceptions of distance and street environment from home to park were evaluated highly but the perception of water spaces and various attractions within the parks were rated lowly in most of parks. As a result of factor analysis, 23 environmental perception variables were classified into 6 factors such as scenery, comfort, accessibility, activity, convenience and amenity. For the result of regression analysis between environmental perceptions and user`s recognition of health improvement based on 6 factors, the recognition of physical health improvement was significantly influenced from environmental perception factors in 4 parks among 8 parks. `Accessibility` and `activity` were analyzed as the meaningful factors in 3 parks. Also, recognition of mental health improvement was significantly influenced from environmental perception factors in 5 parks among 8 parks and especially `accessibility` was showed as the significant factor in 4 parks. The findings from this study can contribute to improve the physical environments of the present parks and can be a basic data for new park development.

Recently, having neighborhood parks within walking distance has grown in importance. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of user satisfaction with neighborhood parks within walking distance considering interior and exterior environments. To do so, a field survey and GIS were conducted to construct data which were then compared with result of the analysed environment. Finally, amultiple regression analysis was conducted to confirm impact on user satisfaction of environment. By summarizing the study results, it was found that users of Hwarang Park exhibited a high level of satisfaction with `park facilities` and `safety of park use`. In the case of Gwanum Park, users exhibited a high level of satisfaction with `green space` and `amount of shade`. On the contrary, two park users exhibited low levels of satisfaction with `facilities for children` and `various attractions` within the parks. The pedestrian environment of Hwarang Park was rated higher than Gwanum Park within the park service area. User satisfaction was also rated higher than for Gwanum Park. However, two park users exhibited low levels of satisfaction with `various attractions` within the pedestrian environment. From the result regression analysis of the total satisfaction factors, `environment of access route`, `park facilities` and `space for walking` positively influenced park use satisfaction. It was found that improvement of the pedestrian environment would be more effective than the improvement of the internal environment on Hwarang Park. This study investigated correlation with the access road environment as well as the interior environment of the parks. The results of this research will be used to improve accessibility and availability for neighborhood parks within walking distance.