Stuart Mead's research while affiliated with Massey University and other places

... For the purpose of eruption scenario creation for civil defense (Weir et al., 2022) or economic risk analysis (McDonald et al., 2017), a subsetting to the desired eruption VEI could be useful. In the case of forecasting an ongoing eruption that has already reached a certain VEI, limiting the analogue set to eruptions of at least that VEI would be indicated. ...

... This morphology directs most block-and-ash flows towards the NW sector of Egmont National Park; the past 800 years of block-and-ash flows have almost exclusively impacted this sector (Procter et al., 2010). Mead et al. (2022) simulated 1024 possible realisations of block-and-ash flows from the Mt. Taranaki summit at various dome and volume configurations using the Titan2D simulator (Patra et al., 2005). ...

... With the gradual increase in the mining scale of mineral resources, the number of mine dumps is increasing, and the mechanical properties of the soil in dumps are also being given more and more attention [1][2][3]. In the seasonal freeze-thaw area, the soil body of the dump site is affected by the changes of water, heat, and force during the freeze-thaw process, and its mechanical properties change, which makes the dump site unstable [4,5]. ...

... One of the main discoveries of this research was the evolution of seismic signals produced by the lahar as the flow moved further from its source. The changes in the seismic signal along with the flow characteristics may be able to help hazard and forecast modeling through the use of numerical models (e.g., Mead et al., 2021). Modern flow hazard assessment is based on numerical models that use potential energy equations of a large non-changing mass sliding down slope with limited inputs for how the flow may evolve over time as starting inputs. ...

... This choice also strongly depends on the type of the hazard assessment performed. Regarding the choice of the four selected models for CPC hazard assessment, time is an important variable, and a balance must be stricken in terms of the total computational time required to couple the physical model and the uncertainty quantification (UQ) technique chosen (e.g., Marzocchi and Bebbington 2012;Calder et al. 2015;Bevilacqua et al. 2019;Tierz et al. 2021). For rapid crisis management, when a few simulations must be run in a limited amount of time for risk mitigation, the computational time (Table 5) is the most crucial metric. ...

... They can also locally strengthen volcanic rocks, resulting in blocked degassing pathways that can drive explosive events (Heap et al., 2019;Kennedy et al., 2020). Therefore, defining the types and spatial extent of rock alteration processes are critical for a thorough understanding of volcanic activity and associated hazards (Crowley and Zimbelman, 1997;Ball et al., 2013;Tayebi et al., 2014;Heap et al., 2021a;Kereszturi et al., 2021;Darmawan et al., 2022;Mordensky et al., 2022). ...

... These flows can move a sizable amount of liquid and debris great distances which can critically impact locations hundreds of kilometers from the volcano or source. Lake breakout or outburst flood events can be particularly destructive because they tend to be larger and can cause long-lasting changes to the landscape and surrounding ecosystems (O'Connor et al., 2022;Procter et al., 2021). Furthermore, unlike eruption or rain-triggered mass flows, outburst floods have very little to no warning. ...

... Reflectance spectroscopy has become increasingly used to explore soil and rock types by spectral band analysis, such as in the visible and near-infrared (350-1000 nm; VNIR), shortwave infrared (1000-2500 nm; SWIR) and thermal infrared (7000-13000 nm; TIR) bands relevant for hydrothermal alteration mapping (Rowan et al., 2003;Darmawan et al., 2018;Kereszturi et al., 2018;Müller et al., 2021). In particular, those alteration zones including iron oxide, as well as argillic, phyllic, and propylitic alterations min-erals, can be identified using both multispectral (Loughlin, 1991;Rowan et al., 2003) and hyperspectral data (Clark et al., 2003;Neal et al., 2018;Kereszturi et al., 2020;Thiele et al., 2022). Airborne, drone-based or carry-on devices can also effectively map physico-chemical changes of volcanic rocks and, when combined with effective processing algorithms (e.g., Partial Least Squares Regression) that can handle collinearity and high dimensionality (e.g., Wold et al., 2001), they can become effective platforms for characterising the mineralogy and alteration of volcanic rocks. ...

... Similar to multiple growing fields, materials science and engineering have benefitted from the application of CNNs in property prediction [3][4][5], the homogenization of heterogeneous materials [6], and various uses in transmission electron microscopy [7][8][9]. Surprisingly, although there have been several machine learning and semi-automated approaches applied in microstructural characterization (i.e., metallographic or ceramographic analysis) [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24], the use of CNNs in grain-size determination, while growing, has been comparatively minimal. ...

... Their results show an improvement of 10% when using DT over other classifiers. Other recent studies on lithological discrimination and geological mapping suggest the 1 3 125 Page 2 of 17 use of PCA, MNF, BR, and ICA on Landsat 8 data (Kereszturi et al. 2018;Lavanya et al. 2020;Clabaut et al. 2020;Fotso Kamga et al. 2021;El-Sawy et al. 2022). The Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) was launched on December 18th, 1999. ...