Steven C. Bourassa’s research while affiliated with University of Washington and other places

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Publications (109)


High-Frequency House Price Indexes with Scarce Data
  • Article

January 2017

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8 Reads

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4 Citations

Journal of Real Estate Literature

Steven C. Bourassa

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We show how a method that has been applied to commercial real estate markets can be used to produce high-frequency house price indexes for a city and for submarkets within a city. Our application of this method involves estimating a set of annual robust repeat sales regressions staggered by start date and then undertaking an annual-to-monthly (ATM) transformation with a generalized inverse estimator. Using transactions data for Louisville, Kentucky, we show that the method substantially reduces the volatility of high-frequency indexes at the city and submarket levels. We define submarkets in terms of both ZIP Codes and groups of contiguous ZIP Codes that approximate areas defined by the local multiple listing service. Focusing on ZIP Codes, we demonstrate that both volatility and the benefits from using the ATM method are related to sample size. Our method is clearly useful for constructing house price indexes for small areas with relatively scarce data.






Understanding New Zealand’s decline in homeownership
  • Article
  • Full-text available

September 2016

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193 Reads

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16 Citations

Homeownership is an important component of the New Zealand lifestyle. In recent decades, however, the ownership rate has been declining and the reasons are poorly understood. This paper explains the decline using a decomposition technique that has been applied in other contexts. We find that borrowing constraints and ethnicity have been particularly important contributors to the decline. Rapidly rising house prices clearly have played a major role in the inability of income to keep up with prices and the increased impact of borrowing constraints. We also show that the increased down payment requirements imposed by the Reserve Bank of New Zealand in 2013 are unlikely to have affected the ownership rate.

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Measuring House Price Bubbles

April 2016

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15 Reads

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1 Citation

Real Estate Economics

Using data for six metropolitan housing markets in three countries, this article provides a comparison of methods used to measure house price bubbles. We use an asset pricing approach to identify bubble periods retrospectively and then compare those results with results produced by six other methods. We also apply the various methods recursively to assess their ability to identify bubbles as they form. In view of the complexity of the asset pricing approach, we conclude that a simple price–rent ratio measure is a reliable method both ex post and in real time. Our results have important policy implications because a reliable signal that a bubble is forming could be used to avoid further house price increases.


Measuring House Price Bubbles

April 2016

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234 Reads

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65 Citations

Real Estate Economics

Using data for six metropolitan housing markets in three countries, this article provides a comparison of methods used to measure house price bubbles. We use an asset pricing approach to identify bubble periods retrospectively and then compare those results with results produced by six other methods. We also apply the various methods recursively to assess their ability to identify bubbles as they form. In view of the complexity of the asset pricing approach, we conclude that a simple price-rent ratio measure is a reliable method both ex post and in real time. Our results have important policy implications because a reliable signal that a bubble is forming could be used to avoid further house price increases.


A Dynamic Housing Affordability Index

January 2016

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39 Reads

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8 Citations

SSRN Electronic Journal

This paper outlines an approach to constructing a Dynamic Housing Affordability Index (DHAI) that reflects the true cost of owner-occupied housing and performs well in tracking changes in the demand for homeownership and other aspects of the housing market. Our index is grounded in user cost theory and it is influenced by variations in the price of housing, mortgage interest and property tax rates, property insurance, transactions costs, and depreciation and maintenance. It takes into account the benefits from the U.S. income tax deductions for mortgage interest and property taxes and it considers the role of expected house price inflation in reducing the cost of housing. We show that the DHAI predicts national and regional consumer sentiment with respect to the demand for owner-occupied housing, regional and MSA homeownership rates, and housing market characteristics including housing starts, and sales of new and existing housing. There is evidence that the DHAI performs better than other popular measures of affordability.


High Frequency House Price Indexes with Scarce Data

January 2016

·

18 Reads

·

3 Citations

SSRN Electronic Journal

We show how a method that has been applied to commercial real estate markets can be used to produce high frequency house price indexes for a city and for submarkets within a city. Our application of this method involves estimating a set of annual robust repeat sales regressions staggered by start date and then undertaking an annual-to-monthly (ATM) transformation with a generalized inverse estimator. Using transactions data for Louisville, Kentucky, we show that the method substantially reduces the volatility of high frequency indexes at the city and submarket levels. We demonstrate that both volatility and the benefits from using the ATM method are related to sample size.


Citations (79)


... O acesso à habitação é um tópico relevante para a administração pública, uma vez que a garantia de segurança habitacional à população -ou seja, a oferta de imóveis a preços compatíveis com a renda domiciliar local -está diretamente associada à redução da pobreza e da desigualdade (Ben-Shahar et al., 2019). A relação entre os preços das moradias e os rendimentos dos domicílios influencia os aspectos econômicos de uma localidade de diferentes formas: do seu desenvolvimento socioeconômico (Oikarinen et al., 2023) aos hábitos de consumo e bem-estar de seus residentes (Atalay and Edwards, 2022;Cooper, 2013;Etheridge, 2019;Rowley et al., 2015;Zhan et al., 2022). Assim, prover condições para a existência de habitações com preços acessíveis se torna um importante objetivo dos instrumentos de planejamento urbano (Jiuwen et al., 2024), tal como planos diretores, visto que eles são os responsáveis pela regulamentação do ambiente construído e, consequentemente, condicionam a oferta de novas residências. ...

Reference:

Medindo o acesso habitacional das capitais brasileiras: utilização de versão alternativa do indicador PIR para caracterizar o mercado imobiliário no Brasil
Revisiting metropolitan house price-income relationships
  • Citing Article
  • May 2023

Journal of Housing Economics

... COD is calculated using Equation (4) and a relative statistic that measures the degree of dispersion of the ratio between the estimated value and the market value (Zhao, Shen, Ma, & Yu, 2023). PRD is calculated by equation (5) as the mean valuation ratio divided by the weighted mean ratio (Bourassa & Hoesli, 2022). According to the Standard on Ratio Studies, the acceptable range for COD is 5 to 15, while the acceptable range for PRD is 0.98 to 1.03, and the PRD value should be close to 1 (IAAO, 2013). ...

Hedonic, Residual, and Matching Methods for Residential Land Valuation
  • Citing Article
  • September 2022

Journal of Housing Economics

... Since the original data is continuous, five regression models were trained on 80% of the curated and imputed data subset and tested on the remaining 20% to predict those continuous values. The five models used were: Support Vector Regression (SVR) [26,27], Decision Tree Regression [28], Histogram Gradient Boosting Regression (HistGradientBoost) [29], Random Forest Regression [30], and a voting regressor (an ensemble learning method that combines the [31], MSE emphasizes larger errors [31], RMSE gives a measure in the original units of the target variable [31], MedAE is robust against outliers [32], and ME highlights the worst-case prediction error [33]. ...

Machine Learning Applications to Land and Structure Valuation

Journal of Risk and Financial Management

... Oates (1969, p. 959) extended the public finance dimensions of this proposition to include capitalization of the net benefits of public service and fiscal offerings in local property values. The interplay between public goods provision, taxes, land values and land use regulations (including their exclusionary effects) became a central focus of much of the subsequent literature in this branch of the Tieboutian literature (Bourassa and Wu 2022;Brasington 2017;Fischel 2002Fischel , 2006Fennel, 2006;Paulsen 2009;Saltz and Capener 2016;Scotchmer 1997;Wooder 1999). ...

Tiebout Sorting, Zoning, and Property Tax Rates

Urban Science

... Coupled that with 34% of firms reporting that they face client demand for greener buildings, many construction firms fear that they will be caught in the middle of demand and high costs (Blaxter et al, 2018). Owners of a green building feel they are worth 7% more than a traditional one, which is likely due to the reduced operating costs that result from building energy-efficient structures (Bourassa, Donald, Patric, & Martin, 2012). ...

Mortgage Interest Deductions and Homeownership: An International Survey
  • Citing Article
  • January 2013

Journal of Real Estate Literature

... Additionally, these premiums may depend on the buyer's household's characteristics (ROSIERS et al., 2007). Further research has found that environmental amenities have the highest premium in areas where the level of the environmental attribute is low (Bourassa et al., 2005). Extrapolating these findings in the context of the aridity and water scarcity in the American West, there may be a high premium for well-watered, green landscaped homes, given the relative scarcity of this resource. ...

The Price of Aesthetic Externalities
  • Citing Article
  • January 2005

Journal of Real Estate Literature

... In order to cope with the problem of thin markets when using the repeat sales method, Guntermann et al. (2016) propose a modified repeat sales method by pairing sales of properties occurred only once within the same neighborhood or in proximity that have similar attributes, thus considering such pairs as repeat sales in order to enlarge the sample size. Furthermore, Bourassa and Hoesli (2017) introduce methods to ease the volatility of frequently published house price indices in markets with low transaction volume. Nevertheless, the wide diversity of properties regarding their attributes within the Cypriot real estate market and the limitations of the small data size combined with the constraint of incorporating sufficient location variables in the model make it practically impossible to apply this method in Cyprus, even if modified. ...

High-Frequency House Price Indexes with Scarce Data
  • Citing Article
  • January 2017

Journal of Real Estate Literature

... The variables , Y t τ and w t in (2) do not change in a short period of time; therefore, many researchers assume them as constants (Zorn, 1988;Bourassa & Yin, 2008). Bourassa and Yin (2008) and Bourassa et al. (2010) consider v as the loan-value ratio to detail user costs in the United States, and user costs can be different due to this ratio. On the basis of these two studies, the authors of the present study further revise Equation (2): ...

International Articles: Housing Finance, Prices, and Tenure in Switzerland
  • Citing Article
  • January 2010

Journal of Real Estate Literature

... As shown in Table 1, most previous research mentioned above used structural and locational attributes to predict house prices. In several previous studies, accessibility attributes are considered along with structural and locational attributes (Bourassa et al., 2021;Č eh et al., 2018;Chen et al., 2017;Das et al., 2021;Gao et al., 2022;He, 2020;Mulley et al., 2016;Phan, 2018;Rostaei et al., 2020;Tan and Guan, 2021;Truong et al., 2020;Wang et al., 2019;Yang et al., 2019;Zhou, 2020). A few studies predicted house prices using structural, locational, accessibility, and economic attributes (Hong et al., 2020;Kang et al., 2021;Zhou et al., 2021). ...

Big data, accessibility and urban house prices
  • Citing Article
  • January 2021

Urban Studies

... It can be said that, if the factors affecting housing demand were to be categorised under two groups as micro and macro factors, micro factors would be social preferences and sociodemographic characteristics that are mostly evaluated within the framework of the household; and macro factors would be variables such as housing loans, interest rates, and taxes (Bourassa et al., 2015). ...

Determinants of the Homeownership Rate: An International Perspective
  • Citing Article
  • January 2015

Journal of Housing Research