Stéphanie Zoungrana’s research while affiliated with University of Reunion Island and other places

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Publications (4)


Women’s Knowledge of Good Nutrition and Feeding Practices Is Correlated with Their Level of Exposure to Awareness-Raising Activities in Ouagadougou
  • Conference Paper
  • Full-text available

November 2023

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19 Reads

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1 Citation

Mélanie Antoine

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Stéphanie Zoungrana

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Malnutrition still affects the population in low-income countries. In Burkina Faso, the estimated prevalence of anemia is high among preschool-aged children and women of childbearing age (83.4% and 53%, respectively in 2014). As part of the MERIEM fortification project (www.meriem-nutrition.org/), a survey was carried out in 2022 in Ouagadougou to describe dietary practices and women’s knowledge. The aim of this work is to assess the association between exposure to nutrition sensitization campaigns and women’s knowledge of nutrition. A cross-sectional survey conducted in Ouagadougou in March 2022 involved 794 randomly selected women. Socio-economic data were collected, and knowledge scores on breastfeeding (BF; max 9), complementary feeding practices (IYCF; max 8) and nutritional status (NS; max 7) of young children, the feeding practices of pregnant (PW; max 4) and breastfeeding women (BW; max 4), and fortified products (FP; max 18) and vitamins and minerals (VM; max 13) were calculated. Exposure to nutrition sensitizations was categorized as low, moderate, or high. Linear regression models (performed with R software version 4.3.0) were used to analyze the association between knowledge scores and household wealth quintiles, as well as the association between knowledge scores and sensitization scores from the MERIEM project, adjusted for wealth quintiles. Mean scores measured in the sample are 4.7, 2.9, 2.6, 1.4, 1.8, 2.7, and 3.1 for BF, IYCF, NS, PW, BW, FP, and VM, respectively. Knowledge scores increased significantly (p < 0.001) with socio-economic status, except for NS, PW, and BW scores. In total, 78.0% of women had a low level of awareness and only 6.3% had a high level. Exposure to nutrition awareness campaigns increases all women’s knowledge, but not for breastfeeding. This is probably due to the wide promotion of breastfeeding practices among the population, particularly in health centers. The MERIEM-specific project’s awareness-raising activities are overall not associated with knowledge scores. However, there was a significant association with IYCD and VM scores (p < 0.05). Knowledge of diet and nutrition is overall low in Burkina Faso. Raising awareness seems to have a positive effect on knowledge levels and can be a lever in the fight against malnutrition. Further research is needed to determine whether improved knowledge scores translate into improved practices. Keywords: nutritional knowledge ; sensitization ; women of childbearing age ; sub-Saharan Africa

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Flow diagram presenting a schematic overview of the study program
Examples from the food photography atlas
(a) Stiff cereal porridge portions for 6-11-month-old children; (b) Stiff cereal porridge portions for 12-23-month-old children; (c) Stiff cereal porridge portions for women; (d) Groundnut paste sauce portions for 6-11-month-old children; (e) Groundnut paste sauce portions for 12-23-month-old children; (f) Groundnut paste sauce portions for women.
Flowchart of participants and data inclusion for the validation study
For 6-11-month-old children, 9 food items were offered in 7 consecutive days (4 food items were proposed in two different days and 5 food items only once). For 12-23-month-old children and for women, 11 food items were offered in 7 consecutive days (4 food items were proposed in two different days and 7 food items only once). *measurement = 1 weighed record of the actually consumed quantity + 1 estimation of the consumed quantity with the FP + 1 estimation with the SR.
Comparison of the portion sizes estimated with the two methods (FP-R and SR-R) with the consumed portion size (WR) using Bland Altman plots
(a) Stiff cereal porridge eaten by 6-11-month-old children; (b) Groundnut paste sauce eaten by 6-11-month-old children; (c) Stiff cereal porridge eaten by 12-23-month-old children; (d) Groundnut paste sauce eaten by 12-23-month-old children; (e) Stiff cereal porridge eaten by women; (f) Groundnut paste sauce eaten by women.
Sample composition and main characteristicsa

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Estimation of food portion sizes in women of childbearing age and young children in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso) using a food photography atlas and salted replicas: Comparison with weighed records

September 2023

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88 Reads

Quantitative assessment of foods consumed when using 24-hour dietary recall requires accurate tools to estimate portion sizes. Therefore, we developed a food portion photography atlas with age-appropriate portion sizes for 11 foods frequently consumed by young children (sizes for 6-11-month- and for 12-23-month-old children) and women of childbearing age in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso capital. We then compared the accuracy and precision of portion estimation with this atlas and with salted replicas relative to weighed records (the reference). After weighing, we randomly assigned food portions to 67 women and their children. The next day, women estimated the served portions and leftovers by recall using the atlas and then salted replicas (n = 1156 measurements, ranging from 19 to 113 for each food). For most food types, the portions estimated with the atlas and salted replicas were positively correlated and showed good concordance with the weighed records. However, accuracy and precision varied in function of the estimation method, food type, and age group. The mean crude differences ranged from -28 to +12g (with errors in absolute values from 24 to 69%) for children, and from -32 to +44g (errors from 17 to 56%) for women. The atlas-based method showed the lowest Lin’s concordances (coefficients of 0.1 to 0.2) for the leafy vegetable dish, meat, and fish in 12-23-month-old children. Bland-Altman plots indicated that the salted replicas allowed estimating the consumed portions with fewer errors than the photographic atlas (56 to 91% vs 46 to 79% between the limits of ±50%). Our study highlights that mothers have difficulties in perceiving the quantities of food consumed by their children. Our findings also indicate that the food atlas could be used in food consumption surveys when salted replicas are not available for all food types.


Le safou, un fruit atypique dans l’alimentation traditionnelle au Cameroun

July 2023

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406 Reads

Cahiers Agricultures

Dans un contexte de réflexion internationale sur les systèmes alimentaires, de valorisation des connaissances autochtones et de reconnaissance de l’étude des « faits alimentaires » comme discipline, cette étude met l’accent sur la diversité de l’alimentation traditionnelle au Cameroun et notamment sur la place du safou (Dacryodes edulis). Via de nombreux verbatims extraits de discussions dirigées, le safou apparaît comme un fruit aux vertus nutritionnelles et sensorielles appréciées, un fruit social, un fruit moyen de subsistance, un fruit emblématique d’une alimentation traditionnelle riche d’atouts pour faire face à la transition nutritionnelle.


Contribution nutritionnelle d’un programme de fortification commerciale pour les femmes en âge de procréer à Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso)

February 2022

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49 Reads

Nutrition Clinique et Métabolisme

Introduction et but de l’étude Les carences en micronutriments affectent une large part de la population mondiale et contribuent aux prévalences élevées d’anémie chez les femmes en âge de procréer (FAP). À Ouagadougou, pour lutter contre ces carences, le projet MERIEM (www.meriem-nutrition.org/) vise à appuyer la production locale d’un pain à la patate douce fortifié (PPDF) en 19 micronutriments destiné aux FAP. L’objectif de ce travail est d’estimer la contribution nutritionnelle de ce produit fortifié en tenant compte des apports du régime alimentaire usuel et de ceux des programmes de fortification de masse obligatoires et volontaires existant dans le pays. Matériel et méthodes À partir de données de rappel des 24 h qualitatif collectées à Ouagadougou en 2020 sur 106 FAP sélectionnées aléatoirement, 2 « journées alimentaires-types » (JAT) A et B ont été constituées avec les aliments les plus fréquemment consommés. Les valeurs nutritionnelles (calculées selon la méthode mixte FAO) des aliments de ces JAT et les portions moyennes consommées estimées par rappel des 24 h quantitatif auprès de 6 à 24 FAP par aliment à Ouagadougou, ont ensuite été utilisées afin de calculer leurs apports nutritionnels. À ces apports ont été ajoutés ceux liés à la fortification de masse de l’huile (1750 μg éq. Rétinol (vit A)/100 g), du sel (4500 μg d’iode/100 g), de la farine de blé (6 mg de fer et 250 μg d’acide folique/100 g) et des bouillons cubes (4800 μg éq. Rétinol ou ∼2144 μg d’iode et ∼ 3,2 mg de fer/100 g). Les couvertures des références nutritionnelles pour la population (RNP, OMS 2004) de 15 nutriments (calcium, fer, magnésium, zinc, iode, vitamines A, D, E, C, B1, B2, B3, B6, B9 et B12) sont estimées en simulant des niveaux de consommation du PPDF dans des scénarios où il se substituerait au pain classique des JAT. Résultats et analyse statistique Les JAT constituées comptent chacune 3 repas et 2 collations dont 1 fois le pain. Elles révèlent un déficit d’apports en calcium, fer, et vitamines A, D et C qui sont couverts à moins de 50 % des RNP. En tenant compte des fortifications de masse, les couvertures des RNP sont de 46 % et 32 % pour le fer, 175 % et 92 % pour les folates, 47 % et 229 % pour la vitamine A, et 166 % et 143 % pour l’iode, pour les JAT A et B respectivement. Quand le PPDF remplace le pain classique dans les JAT, les apports permettent d’atteindre au moins 90 % de couverture des RNP pour tous les nutriments sauf pour le fer (45 % et 30 % des JAT A et B), le calcium (65 % et 85 % des JAT A et B), la vitamine D (71 % de la JAT A), la vitamine B1 (81 % de la JAT B). Les RNP de la vitamine C et de la vitamine B12 sont couverts jusqu’à 576 % et 247 %. Conclusion Dans un contexte d’un régime alimentaire usuel à Ouagadougou, les programmes de fortification de masse actuellement mis en place par le gouvernement ne permettent pas toujours de couvrir totalement les besoins nutritionnels des femmes. Selon nos estimations, le PPDF pourrait largement contribuer à améliorer la couverture des RNP de la plupart des nutriments, notamment ceux qui ne font pas l’objet de fortification de masse. Cependant des déficits majeurs en fer restent toujours présents.