Stephan Klasen's research while affiliated with Georg-August-Universität Göttingen and other places
What is this page?
This page lists the scientific contributions of an author, who either does not have a ResearchGate profile, or has not yet added these contributions to their profile.
It was automatically created by ResearchGate to create a record of this author's body of work. We create such pages to advance our goal of creating and maintaining the most comprehensive scientific repository possible. In doing so, we process publicly available (personal) data relating to the author as a member of the scientific community.
If you're a ResearchGate member, you can follow this page to keep up with this author's work.
If you are this author, and you don't want us to display this page anymore, please let us know.
It was automatically created by ResearchGate to create a record of this author's body of work. We create such pages to advance our goal of creating and maintaining the most comprehensive scientific repository possible. In doing so, we process publicly available (personal) data relating to the author as a member of the scientific community.
If you're a ResearchGate member, you can follow this page to keep up with this author's work.
If you are this author, and you don't want us to display this page anymore, please let us know.
Publications (66)
The Cool Water condition is a climatic configuration that combines periodically frosty winters with mildly warm summers under the ubiquitous accessibility of fresh water. Historically, it embodied opportunity endowments that weakened fertility pressures, resulting in household formation patterns that empowered women and reduced gender inequality. R...
We show why convergence in mean income levels and the negative relation between mean income growth and poverty changes need not lead to proportionate poverty convergence across countries. We propose an analytical framework that highlights that poverty convergence depends on the speed of income convergence relative to a complex interaction of initia...
Over the past few decades, conditional cash transfers (CCT) to households have become an increasingly important tool to generate socially desirable outcomes in human capital development programs. Subsequently, there has been a spur of literature evaluating the impacts of CCTs on poor households, mostly showing a positive impact. Yet, we argue that...
This paper investigates gender-based segregation across different fields of study at the senior secondary level of schooling in a large developing country. We use a nationally representative longitudinal data set from India to analyze the extent and determinants of gender gap in higher secondary stream choice. Using fixed-effects regressions that c...
Previous research shows that gender‐based board quotas alone do not increase women's share in senior management positions. We study the effects of an affirmative action policy in South Africa, which stipulates group‐based targets for senior management roles, beyond boards, focusing on representing intersectional identities, sex, and race. Our findi...
This paper empirically investigates the role of culture in explaining the frequently reported differences in financial literacy between women and men. Using nationally representative survey data from India, we find that women are significantly less financially literate than men. This gender gap is not observable, however, when we only consider matr...
In this article, we survey the theoretical literature investigating the role of gender inequality in economic development. The vast majority of theories reviewed argue that gender inequality is a barrier to development, particularly over the long run. Among the many plausible mechanisms through which inequality between men and women affects the agg...
Monetary poverty measures as well as most existing multidimensional poverty indices (MPI) assume equal distribution within the household and thus are likely to yield a biased assessment of individual poverty, and poverty by age or gender. We show that the direction of the bias of such household‐based assessments in measuring poverty or inequality a...
In this study, we exploit a natural experiment to investigate the size and nature of the gender asset gap in Pakistan. In 2010, there was a massive flood, which affected nearly a fifth of the country, and caused a distinct deterioration in socioeconomic conditions. Families in flood-affected regions faced a considerable decrease in inheritable prop...
This paper analyzes the effect of lifting primary school fees on educational attainment in Uganda. After the abolishment of school fees in 1997, the enrollment rate more than doubled. Two decades later, now we know little about the effect of the policy on educational attainment. With recent data on eight cohorts exposed to free education, we analyz...
Given the demographic structure of the population of the European countries, this paper examines how gender gaps in earned and non-earned income contribute to explain between household income inequality. We show that this impact depends not only on the existing gender gaps but also on the way how they are jointly distributed across the income distr...
In this paper we develop a multidimensional poverty measure that attempts to capture absolute poverty in the functioning space. As suggested by Sen, if the measure aims to be absolute in the functioning space, it needs to be relative in the resource space. To generate a relative measure, this measure adapts the poverty cut-off in resource-related i...
This survey argues that after decades of seemingly continuous progress in reducing gender inequality in developing and developed countries, since about 2000, there has been an unexpected stagnation and regress in many dimensions of gender inequality in many parts of the world. This is most visible in labor markets, but also visible across a range o...
Worldwide, policy-makers and academics alike are searching for ways to enhance women’s economic empowerment. One important route to economic empowerment – paid employment – still shows wide gender disparities. We discuss some lessons from randomized evaluations of microfinance, business training, and other interventions aimed at increasing women’s...
Existing studies show how population growth and rising incomes will cause a massive increase in the future global demand for food. We add to the literature by estimating the potential effect of increases in human weight, caused by rising BMI and height, on future calorie requirements. Instead of using a market based approach, the estimations are so...
In this paper, we revisit the inequality–growth relationship using an enhanced panel data set with improved inequality data. We explicitly take into account the special role of transition (post-Soviet) countries and add an instrumental variable (IV) estimation to add a causal interpretation to our findings. Our analysis is based on the specificatio...
Despite a large number of empirical studies, the controversy of whether a gender gap in education harms or boosts economic performance still persists. We conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the empirical literature on the link between gender inequality in education and per capita economic growth. After highlighting the methodological c...
Occupational and sectoral segregation by gender is remarkably persistent and a major contributor to gender wage gaps. We investigate the determinants of aggregate occupational and sectoral segregation by gender in developing countries using a unique, household-survey-based aggregate cross-country database including sixty-nine countries between 1980...
Rapid fertility decline, a strong expansion of female education, and favorable economic conditions should have promoted female labor force participation in developing countries. Yet trends in female labor force participation rates (FLFP) have been quite heterogeneous, rising strongly in Latin America and stagnating in many other regions, while impr...
This paper investigates the degree of association in the identification of the poor between the standard monetary FGT measure and the Alkire-Foster Multidimensional Poverty Index. For this purpose, we use a measure of redundancy between the two poverty measures (R 0). In Chile, over the past 25 years, R 0 has declined at a rate of 1.5% per year. Th...
This paper provides an overview of the conceptual and empirical issues involved in the overarching goal of “leaving no one behind” (LNOB). After reviewing some existing documents on the topic, it proposes ways to operationalize LNOB, discusses whether to take a country-focused or person-focused approach, examines various (multidimensional) ways to...
The current literature on poverty focuses intensively on objective poverty, which is based on household income, household consumption, basic needs, calorie intake or a multidimensional poverty approach. In contrast, this paper researches subjective poverty, which is compared with objective poverty measured by income in Pakistan. Using Pakistan Pane...
This study analyses employment transitions of working-age women in India. The puzzling issue of low labour force participation despite substantial economic growth, strong fertility decline and expanding female education in India has been studied in the recent literature. However, no study so far has looked into the dynamics of employment in terms o...
There is renewed interest in Europe to deepen trade with Africa in the hope that this will reduce migrant flows. While improved trade with Africa will not reduce but likely stimulate migrant flows, it could promote African development and further European long-term economic interests. To deepen trade, this article argues for further trade integrati...
Despite substantial progress, gender gaps persist in many developing countries. Since the 1990s, a literature has emerged arguing that these gaps are not only inequitable but also reduce economic performance. This review finds that, first, it is methodologically difficult to determine reliable effects of gender gaps on economic performance. Second,...
Most existing multi-dimensional poverty measures, such as the global-MPI and the MPI-LA, use the household as the unit of analysis, which means that the multi-dimensional poverty condition of the household is equated with the multi-dimensional poverty condition of all its members; accordingly, these measures ignore the intra-household inequalities...
Composite indices used in social science research often rely on principal components analysis (PCA) as a way to derive weights for component variables, which emphasizes the largest variations in the variables in a composite index. However, PCA may not work when the informative variations account for only a small share of the variance in the variabl...
The strong son preference tradition in China has been weakened by the rapid development in the cultural, economic, political, and social environment, which leads to a rather ambiguous picture regarding the situation of women and girls. This article revisits this issue by comparing two approaches inspired from Engel’s method to identify equivalence...
Household food security is a critical issue for Indonesia, which is investigated in this study. Many of rural household in Indonesia depends on agricultural sectors and facing challenges of global warming that threatening food security and poverty alleviation in the country. We use panel data at the household level for a sample of households living...
Ratio of medians or other suitable quantiles of two distributions is widely used in medical research to compare treatment and control groups or in economics to compare various economic variables when repeated cross-sectional data are available. Inspired by the so-called growth incidence curves introduced in poverty research, we argue that the ratio...
Regression results for the effects of supermarkets on the probability of being overweight/obese, pre-diabetic, pre-hypertensive, and suffering from metabolic syndrome comparing OLS and IV estimations.
(PDF)
Validity test of instrument in models for continuous nutrition and health outcomes.
(PDF)
While undernutrition and related infectious diseases are still pervasive in many developing countries, the prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCD), typically associated with high body mass index (BMI), is rapidly rising. The fast spread of supermarkets and related shifts in diets were identified as possible factors contributing to overweight...
Data set on household and individual characteristics of 550 adults from urban Kenya.
(XLS)
Regression results for the effects of supermarkets on BMI with panel data model.
(PDF)
Validity test of instrument in models for binary nutrition and health outcomes.
(PDF)
Full regression results for the effects of supermarket purchase (%) on BMI, fasting blood glucose, systolic and diastolic blood pressure.
(PDF)
First stage results of instrumental variable model.
(PDF)
Regression results for the effects of supermarkets on the probability of being overweight/obese, pre-diabetic, pre-hypertensive, and suffering from metabolic syndrome comparing probit and IV probit estimations.
(PDF)
Regression results for the effects of supermarkets on BMI, fasting blood glucose, systolic and diastolic blood pressure comparing OLS and IV estimations.
(PDF)
Full regression results for the effects of supermarket purchase (%) on the probability of being overweight/obese, pre-diabetic, pre-hypertensive, and suffering from metabolic syndrome.
(PDF)
We examine how bilateral aid flows of an individual donor to a recipient depend on aid flows from all other bilateral and multilateral donors to that recipient. We thereby assess to what extent issues including donor coordination, free‐riding, selectivity, specialization, and common donor interests drive bilateral aid allocations. We find that othe...
(Please see the published version in World Development: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0305750X18302079)
Most existing multidimensional poverty measures, such as the global-MPI and the MPI-LA, use the household as the unit of analysis, which means that the multidimensional poverty condition of the household is equated with...
Over several thousand years since the emergence of states, societies remained entrapped in cycles of despotic power building and decay—until civilization matured in areas with a cool and rainy climate, what we call the “cool water” (CW) condition. In CW-areas, agriculture and urbanization at a level known since millennia from the pristine civilizat...
We reconsider the relationship between income and health taking a distributional perspective rather than one centered on conditional expectation. Using structured additive distributional regression, we find that the association between income and health is larger than generally estimated because aspects of the conditional health distribution that g...
In this paper, we will briefly review the existing literature on the growth impacts of gender gaps and assess its relevance for the European situation. We will show that gender gaps in education in Europe are unlikely to play an important role for economic performance, but that gender gaps in employment appear to impose a significant efficiency cos...
This study explores cross-country differences in debt market participation, level of household
debt holding and over-indebtedness between rural households in Thailand and Vietnam. We
identify socio-economic determinants for rural households in Thailand and Vietnam by
decomposing differences into those attributable to household characteristics and t...
(Please see the published version in World Development: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0305750X18302079) Most existing multidimensional poverty measures, such as the global-MPI and the MPI-LA, use the household as the unit of analysis, which means that the multidimensional poverty condition of the household is equated with t...
We empirically study the role of different family policies in affecting women's labor market behavior in the European Union. Women tend to assume more family duties than men and, consequently, often participate less in the labor market. Family policies aim to support families in general while a particular focus is on helping women to reconcile fami...
The intense debate on the effectiveness of the war on drugs contrasts with the scarce quantitative evidence on its impacts on drug cultivation decisions by individual producers. Using panel data from an original survey of farmers living in coca-growing areas in Colombia, we evaluate the effectiveness of forced eradication policies implemented betwe...
This paper models the link between Dutch development aid and Dutch exports to 142 recipient countries over the period from 1964 to 2011. Given that Dutch aid policy drastically changed in 1999, the model is estimated separately for the 1964–1999 and the 2000–2011 periods. Dynamic gravity models applied to aggregate exports are estimated controlling...
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) include level-end goals for both under-five and neonatal mortality to be obtained by 2030: no more than 25 and 12 deaths per 1,000 births, respectively. Recent accelerations in the rate of reduction in under-five mortality have been cited as a cause for optimism. In this paper, we show that changes in mortal...
Pro-poor growth has been identified as one of the most promising pathways to accelerate poverty reduction in developing countries. The diagnostic pro-poor growth toolbox has so far focused on the income dimension as well as key non-income achievements in education and health. This article contributes to the literature by expanding the toolbox with...
Income-based as well as most existing multidimensional poverty indices (MPI) assume equal distribution within the household and thus are likely to lead to yield a biased assessment of individual poverty, and poverty by age or gender. In this paper we first show that the direction of the bias depends on how these measures use individual data to dete...
Citations
... The continuity of cocoa farming continues despite the very limited conditions, the extension of plantation agriculture is still active in its duties and functions, under the control and coordination of Local Office for Extension Services (BP4K). Therefore, in meeting the development of cocoa production into the future, the role of farmer groups and extension groups must be improved (Asih and Klasen, 2017) in the coordination frame under the control of the Implementing Agency for Local Office for Extension Services (BP4K) as a movement of cocoa production improvement programs. Table 2 One of the institutions in this linkage position is a key priority institution. ...
![[object Object]](https://i1.rgstatic.net/ii/profile.image/918675578175488-1596040734020_Q64/Domingos-Gomes-4.jpg)
... There is now a consensus that it is also necessary to account for the changes in inequality over time to examine the poverty-growth elasticity (Bourguignon, 2003;World Bank, 2005;Klasen, 2006;Adams, 2004;Fosu, 2015;Crespo Cuaresma, Klasen, and Wacker 2022). For the income poverty-growth elasticity in particular, the role of inequality is quite straightforward: economic growth can reduce income-related poverty when inequality decreases. ...
![[object Object]](https://i1.rgstatic.net/ii/profile.image/272416207273989-1441960493213_Q64/Jesus-Crespo-Cuaresma.jpg)
... These transition probabilities suggest that elite entry-level workers in the private sector tend to stay there and transitioning into such jobs is challenging, especially since 95% of their hires are from elite colleges (see Section 3). The high concentration along the diagonals of job transition matrices is also common pattern in formal labor markets in India (see Sarkar et al., 2017;Bhattacharya, 2021). 22 Thus, not capturing the reallocation of talent either from or to elite entry-level jobs in the private sector following compensatory policies is not a major limitation. ...
![[object Object]](https://i1.rgstatic.net/ii/profile.image/402963383242755-1473085365844_Q64/Sudipa-Sarkar.jpg)
... Furthermore, females participation in the workforce can either be impeded or facilitated due to economic and cultural factors. The other factors having an immense impact on the participation include educational level, residential location, marital status, and the choice of children (Klasen, Le, Pieters, & Silva, 2020). While the relevance of economic development as key indicator cannot be denied (Thévenon, 2013). ...
... The minimal independent participation of women was observed in seed treatment and fertiliser application as technical aspects were involved. Less participation by women in irrigation activities may be due to restrictions in movement outside the house during odd hours [13,14]. Almost 45 percent women participate in family farm and animal work that are least remunerative activities [14]. ...
... Their study finds that those living in wealthier districts are more inclined toward educating their daughters than those living in poor ones. Sahoo and Klasen (2021) focused on female participation in the STEM streams by using the variables: female, siblings, age, parental education, test scores, household size, and ethnicity. They reveal that girls are 20 % less likely to enroll in STEM streams than boys. ...
... Although in African countries gender based intersectional approach and race are missing in the study of gender-based managerial stereotypes, scholars have made efforts to examine the significance of gender and race in organizations (Klasen and Minasyan 2020). For instance, studies on the effects of gender and race on the career life journeys of women in Africa both white and black women revealed that white and black woman have different experiences in organization toward their career progression (Davis 2016). ...
... To acquire knowledge, a better understanding of the English language, information sources, and education is essential. It is also found that females with sufficient financial and economic responsibility in the household provide communication channels that appear to be more relevant in decision-making (Rink et al. 2021). Potrich et al. (2018) suggest policy needs to address the issue of financial illiteracy among females and to introduce financial management and market finance concepts into all higher education levels, irrespective of the academic discipline; it is generally observed that even females with degrees show low financial literacy. ...
... Gender attitudes reflect gender equality (Kågesten et al. 2016;UNDP 2020), which shapes individuals' lives (Qian and Li 2020, 20) and countries' development (Hudson et al. 2020;Santos Silva and Klasen 2021). 1 Whether gender attitudes are progressing towards more egalitarianism or stalling has far-reaching implications for individuals and societies. ...
... Third, as to personal characteristics, we found that men were more likely to escape from multidimensional poverty and were less likely to return to poverty than women. Women are disadvantaged in acquiring social resources, so they are more vulnerable than men (Admasu et al., 2022;Klasen and Lahoti, 2021;OECD, 2021). Older people (aged ≥65 years) had a significantly ***, ** Denotes 1%, 5% significance level, respectively. ...
