Stella Fatović-Ferenčić's research while affiliated with Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts and other places
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Publications (129)
U razdoblju od 18. do 20. stoljeća elektroterapija se u različitim zemljama primjenjuje s različitom učestalošću i rezultatima. Primjena elektroterapije pokazatelj je usvajanja i prenošenja znanja iz temeljnih znanosti (fizike) u medicinu te prijenosa postupaka u liječenju iz stranih zemalja i njihova usvajanja u našoj sredini. Najranije informacij...
The collection of Vladimir Ćepulić’s photographs named The Housing Misery in Zagreb, with wagon apartments as one of its main themes, documents the perception of tuberculosis, particularly its epidemiological aspect, between the two world wars. The representation of tuberculosis as a threat is realized in these photographs through the demonstration...
Croatia is a Central European and Mediterranean country with a long maritime border with Italy. Throughout history, it was not only goods but also knowledge and medical practices that were exchanged over its borders. Following archival sources, individual informal networks, professional publications, daily newspapers, and public lectures, we aimed...
This paper will elaborate the impact of social, political and economic processes on the formation and development of the pharmaceutical profession in Croatia until the end of the Second World War. Political axes and dominant economic theories shaped a complex history of interactions between the pharmaceutical profession and state structures, dramat...
The history of the condom, although repressed or bypassed throughout the centuries, represents an important part of our cultural history. A historical overview on how the condom was perceived by Croatian physicians and how the pharmaceutical industry advertised condoms in the first half of the 20th century is provided. The contributions on contrace...
Purpose:
To demonstrate that Špišić's photographs were used as a tool in representing the strategies and public health position of orthopaedics as an emerging medical specialty in Croatia in the period from 1915 to 1917.
Methods:
Formal and contextual analysis of photographs included in the book How we help our invalids: Images from our orthopae...
Between the two World Wars, the pharmaceutical industry strengthened its influence within the Croatian medical community. Due to the scarcity of professional biomedical journals in the Croatian language, larger pharmaceutical companies started to publish free promotional journals, magazines, and booklets which quickly became popular. They thus succ...
U radu je prikazan razvoj i poslovanje kemijsko-farmaceutske tvornice Rave d.d. osnovane 1922. u Zagrebu. Na temelju arhivske i građevinske dokumentacije, stručnih i dnevnih glasila te promotivnog materijala rekonstruiran je smještaj tvorničkog kompleksa u zagrebačkoj industrijskoj zoni, prezentirane su njezine marketinške strategije i utjecaj na r...
The subjects of gerontology and geriatrics did not arouse stronger interest among Croatian scholars until the second half of the twentieth century. From 1952 to 1957, a number of Croatian medical experts gave lectures on gerontology at the Yugoslav Academy of Sciences and Arts. Based on these lectures, in 1958 the Academy published the first book o...
Franjo Kogoj (1894–1983), who was the long standing head of the University Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Zagreb University Hospital Centre and Head of the Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Zagreb University School of Medicine in Croatia. His collection is comprised of fifty-five framed photographic portraits of world-renowned...
Recently, the World Health Organization launched its Universal Health Coverage initiative with the aim to improve access to quality health care on a global level, without causing financial hardship to the patients. In this paper, we will identify and analyze the ideological similarities between this influential initiative and the work of one of the...
In spring 1912, 25-year-old lawyer Luka Jukić tried to assassinate the Croatian Ban and Royal Commissioner Slavko Cuvaj. This article focuses on several aspects of the trial against Jukić: first, on analysing the impact of Cesare Lombroso’s criminology in Croatia; second, on the testimony by forensic psychiatrist Ivo Žirovčić, who controversially c...
This paper presents the role of Eugen Viktor Feller, a pharmacist and factory owner, with an emphasis on his marketing strategy in advertising his pharmacy specialty Elsa. Various types of contemporary press and advertising leaflets and packaging were used as a starting point for analysis. The abundance of the collected material provided an insight...
This paper presents the role of Eugen Viktor Feller, a pharmacist and factory owner, with an emphasis on his marketing strategy in advertising his pharmacy specialty Elsa. Various types of contemporary press and advertising leaflets and packaging were used as a starting point for analysis. The abundance of the collected material provided an insight...
Nineteenth-century psychiatry shifted its focus to the brain as the seat of mental disorders. With a new understanding of mental disorders arose the need to consult forensic psychiatrists in cases of criminal acts committed by persons with mental illness. This article focuses on three murders committed by 'epileptics' at the end of the nineteenth a...
Ljekarna K crnom orlu u Petrinji osnovana je 1772. kao ispostava istoimene karlovačke ljekarne te je bila najstarija civilna ljekarna na području Banske krajine. U radu je na temelju arhivskih izvora, onodobnih javnih glasila te dostupne dokumentacije iz obiteljske ostavštine prikazana njezina historiografija i slijed vlasništva. Osobita pozornost...
By analysing his unpublished and published works, we have identified anthropological elements in the studies of Croatian physician Fran Gundrum Oriovčanin (1856-1919) that distinguish him as one of the rare researchers in Croatia who attempted to synthesize cultural and biological anthropology. Gundrum collected comparative data on biological chara...
This article looks into the autobiography of the Croatian chemist and pharmacognosist Antun Vrgoč (1881-1949) entitled My Memories of the World War 1914-1920 and published in Zagreb in 1937. The author was captured in October 1914 and deported to Siberia, where he remained prisoner of war until 1920. Since there are few memoirs describing the life...
SAŽETAK U radu su iznijeti rezultati istraživanja historijata prve ljekarne zagrebačkog predgrađa Kustošije koja je u promet puštena 1925. godine. Njezina je sudbina bila slična sudbini ostalih ljekarna na području Hrvatske: otvaranje povezano s mnogo izdataka i napora, borba za opstanak i nošenje s konkurencijom, prenošenje vlasništva iz generacij...
The paper presents a fragment of the World War I journal, discovered recently to belong to Vladimir Jelovšek (1879-1934) the physician, writer and one of the most prominent editors of Liječnički vjesnik. The journal was written during his attendance at the eastern front from June 1915 to July 1916 beginning with the fall of Lvov and partly followin...
We remember the military medical practice of Croatian surgeon, Vatroslav Florschütz (1879-1967), known for his invention of the traction frame for repositioning bone fracture fragments of the upper and lower extremities. The method, known as the Balkan frame / beam or Balkan splint, was introduced and published in 1911 and used in war medicine ther...
The historiography of Zagreb sanatorium Merkur, founded by Merkur Insurance Society in 1930 is presented. The research is based on archival sources kept in the State's archives as well as in the National library in Zagreb aiming to identify the opening, building and governing the hospital until 1945. The analysis of the hospital historiography allo...
Until the works of Fran Gundrum, there was no comprehensive analysis of sexuality in Croatia. In this article, we investigate the background of Gundrum's book Sexual Health Care, the first book on sexual hygiene in Croatia. We analyzed the motivational effect venereal diseases had on writing the book, as well as the metaphoric language he used to c...
We have reconstructed the continuity of the Railway Station Pharmacy using the archival sources from the Division for the History of Medical Sciences of the Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts. In this paper, we have presented the chronology of its ownership, its locations in the past, its recent position at Tomislavov trg 13 in Zagreb and its pr...
Time frames are always dictated by the calendar. Kaposi was born 175 years ago, Carl Heitzmann one year before, and lupus erythematosus (LE) just one year later. Strawberry Hill and its lord played not too small a role in unraveling some details of LE and the "hemorrhagic sarcoma to-be." Kaposi (1837-1902) lent his name to one of the above two synd...
The epidemic of cholera that took place in the Neretva basin in 1886 was part of the fifth pandemic wave that was spreading throughout Europe. Based on the death records, vital statistics and the newspaper articles from that period, in this paper we present the emergence and the course this epidemic. In the context of analysis and experience of the...
The lower Neretva basin as a space that has undergone historical transformation into a myth of a pathological topos has been analyzed. Starting from the fact that temporality is essential for understanding of the elements that partake in conceptualization of a myth, we have analyzed the state of this area as it was during its exposure to an epidemi...
Fran Gundrum (1856-1919) was a Croatian physician, encyclopedist, and an advocate of medical enlightenment and healthy lifestyle. In order to identify and analyze Gundrum's ideas about the problems of prostitution and criminality, we studied all of his books, booklets, and articles published between 1905 and 1914. We showed that Gundrum's theories...
U ovom radu rekonstruiran je kontinuitet djelovanja Kolodvorske ljekarne oslanjanjem na izvorne dokumente i rukopise pohranjene najvećim dijelom u pismohrani Odsjeka za povijest medicinskih znanosti HAZU. Iznesen je slijed vlasnikâ/zakupnikâ ljekarne te su identificirane lokacije, današnji smještaj, uređenje te razina zaštite negdašnje Kolodvorske,...
U nizu ljekarna koje su početkom 20. stoljeća otvorene u Zagrebu posebno mjesto pripada ljekarni Crvenom križu Ladislava Gayera (1867.-1939.). Ljekarna postoji u kontinuitetu od 1903. godine već više od stoljeća i još uvijek je jedna od najreprezentativnijih te najočuvanijih na području grada Zagreba. Na temelju arhivske građe i podataka iz onovrem...
Among many pharmacies opened in Zagreb at the beginning of the 20th century, the Crvenom križu (Red Cross) pharmacy, with its owner Ladislav Gayer (1867-1939), holds a very special place. The pharmacy has been continuously active for more than a century (since 1903), and it is still one of the most representative and best preserved pharmacies in Za...
The story of gastric acid secretion began with early ideas on gastric secretion (Spallanzani and de Réaumur, 17th century) and with first descriptions of food digestion (Dupuytren and Bichat, Beaumont, early 18th century), followed by proof that gastric juice contained acid (Prout, early 18th century). The research continued with first descriptions...
Dragutin (Carl) Schwarz (1868-1917) was born in VaraŽdin (part of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy then, northwestern part of Croatia today). As many Croats of the period he enrolled in the Vienna School of Medicine and graduated in 1891. After spending some time in a few clinics of the Monarchy, he returned to his homeland in 1895. Named the primary...
Stota obljetnica metode koju je osmislio i objavio u Liječničkom vjesniku, u literaturi poznatija kao balkanski okvir ili balkanska metoda bila je autorima poticaj za predstavljanje ovog kirurga široj javnosti. Život Vatroslava Florschutza ta bogato dokumentirana priča iz različitih gradova,bolnica i ratišta uvijek iznova potiče zanimanje.
The one...
Initiating licensure and medical education in Croatia was not only schooling itself, but struggle for national identity and institution of an academic setting, which, by itself, is paramount for cultural development anywhere. Throughout history, this struggle mostly ended with administrative discouragement and opposition to all such efforts of high...
The building of the Civic Hospital in Split was an important event in the life of this city. Although it primarily served as an institution for the care of the poor, its development shows the evolution of the public health care in this territory. In spite of the recent thorough review of the older historiography on this history, incorrect data are...
Based on secondary literature, a survey of particular forms of medical expertise over history is presented. The state-to-individual interaction in terms of personality and physical integrity protection, health care, etc., was observed. It was only after the 16th century that the development of anatomy was found to have become a decisive argument fo...
The new Appendix A of the European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals Used for Experimental and Other Scientific Purposes, which gives guidelines for accommodation and care of animals and was approved on June 15, 2006, was the main reason the authors decided to investigate the origins of the regulations of animal experiments. Altho...
According to archival and secondary sources, the Upper Town pharmacy is the oldest pharmacy in the city of Zagreb. The beginnings of its work are historically related to the document of 6 th March 1355, which for the first time mentions the profession of a pharmacist, i.e. a lawsuit between the apotecarius Jakmo (Jacobus) and a furrier. On the occa...
In Zagreb, at the Surgical Department of University Hospital "Dr Ozren Novosel", today "Merkur" the first operation in hypothermia was performed on October 25th, 1957, on the patient with pulmonary valve stenosis. It allowed total circulatory interruption to do the operation in the open heart successfully, and this was the first such operation not...
Andrija Stampar (1888-1958) was one of the most charismatic figures of the 20th century public health and a typical representative of social medical ideology at the turn of 20th century. He was the founder of many health-related institutions in Croatia and world-wide. In 1927, with the help of a large grant from the Rockefeller Foundation, he opene...
This paper presents results of interdisciplinary study of the pharmacy located on Zrinjevac square in Zagreb. This pharmacy has been working continuously since 1890 and is therefore one of rare pharmacies on Croatian territory which preserved its original purpose. The main scope of the study was to contribute to better understanding of pharmacy's h...
We have based this research primarily on archival sources aiming to reconstruct the chronology of ownership of the Saint Trinity pharmacy in Zagreb, as well as to identify its various locations in the past. We have identified its locations at Mesnička 4 and llica 42 which had been unknown so far. Special attention was paid to the Art Nouveau style...
Gjuro Armen Baglivi was one of the most famous medical authorities of the 17th century. Apart from his numerous books and publications, several extensive collections of his correspondence have been preserved and are available in libraries around the world. They provide new information about the 17th century scientific culture and place of Baglivi's...
This paper presents emergence and role of medical practitioners especially surgeons and barbers in particular in Osijek in the period marked by the Christian liberation in 1687 to the pronouncement of Regulationenfür Baderen in 1746. On the bases of archival sources we have revealed their identity, origin, number and reputation, and demonstrated di...
The paper presents medical and cultural viewpoints on male circumcision throughout history. The shifts in medical perception of its indications, ranging from preventive concepts which advocated it to opposite attitudes recognizing it as a physiological, psychological and ethical disturbance of body integrity, were highlighted. Not only operative te...
In this paper we aim to reminisce the role of the Austrian surgeon Hermann Schloffer (1868-1937) as the pioneer of a trans-sphenoidal approach to the pituitary gland. On the 16th of March 1907 he operated a patient with pituitary tumor and published his report in the Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift on 23rd May 1907. This paper is to recall the 100th...
We have based this research primarily on archival sources aiming to reconstruct the chronology of ownership of the Saint Trinity pharmacy in Zagreb, as well as to identify its various locations in the past. We have identifi ed its locations at Mesnička 4 and Ilica 42 which had been unknown so far. Special attention was paid to the Art Nouveau style...
This paper focuses on seven poems dealing with various aspects of his experience of tuberculosis and uncovers different shades of poetic self within his verses: the notions of self transforming from a helpless child to a ghostly, transparent creature in the secluded world of a hospital ward, and to decaying flesh and "living in a cadaver" are pinpo...
We investigated the circumstances of building of the Civic Hospital in Split in the light of new archival evidence. The study necessitated a thorough review of the older historiography and previously unpublished archival sources kept in the State Archives in Venice and Zadar. The findings showed that construction of the hospital building finished i...
In the present debate about academic medicine in crisis, I argue that the problem is partly the consequence of a global process of alienation and depersonalization. Technology-based medicine is one of the key players which creates unsuitable role models. In its wake and as a consequence, the profile of the academic professional must be redesigned....
We analyzed the beginnings of medico-legal practices in Dubrovnik, using the first eight books of criminal records series Liber de maleficiis from the early 15th century. We also looked into the mechanisms of individual and public control of the issues such as the patient-physician relationship and the control of epidemics. At that time, surgeons r...
In analyzing the history of a certain disease, not only must the particular disease be investigated, but related pathological conditions that exist in a population at a given time must also be addressed. Also, the prevalence of other diseases should be explored, which may have a bearing on the problem under discussion. The history of medicine can h...
We analyzed attitudes towards sexuality during the medieval period in Croatia. For that purpose we investigated numerous medical and literary texts, statutes, and specific natural philosophical work entitled "Lucidar". Contrary to medical books, which had a low impact on the broader community, literary texts were important in spreading messages on...
We analyzed attitudes towards sexuality during the medieval period in Croatia. For that purpose we investigated numerous medical and literary texts, statutes, and specific natural philosophical work entitled "Lucidar". Contrary to medical books, which had a low impact on the broader community, literary texts were important in spreading messages on...
According to archival and secondary sources, the Upper Town pharmacy is the oldest pharmacy in the city of Zagreb. The beginnings of its work are historically related to the document of 6th March 1355, which for the fi rst time mentions the profession of a pharmacist, i.e. a lawsuit between the apotecarius Jakmo (Jacobus) and a furrier. On the occa...
A history of medicine program was first introduced at the University of Zagreb, Croatia, in 1927 by the internist Lujo Thaller, who became the first lecturer on this subject at Zagreb. However, the development of the program did not go smoothly and medicohistorians in Croatia were engaged in a constant struggle for proper status and a permanent pla...
The Journal of Investigative Dermatology publishes basic and clinical research in cutaneous biology and skin disease.
:Carl von Rzehaczek was a classmate and contemporary of Ferdinand von Hebra, who founded the tradition of painter-physicians at the Vienna School of Dermatology. The following reminiscence shall bring him to the attention of the reader.Zusammenfassung:Carl von Rzehaczek war ein Zeit- und Studiengenosse Ferdinand von Hebras, der die Tradition der Ma...
It is proposed that beauty can be external or internal or both. External or physical beauty is immediately visible. Internal or inner beauty is not always immediately visible. Ideally both types of beauty are connected and spring from one another. The opposite situation, in which only one exists while the other is suppressed, is exemplified in this...
J Am Acad Dermatol 2003;48:263-4.
This is a story of Dusan Jakac, one of the most prominent Croatian dermatovenerologists. Born in 1906, he is also our oldest dermatovenerologist and certainly among the oldest in Europe. His life and experience constitute a treasure of information on dermatovenerology in the region, which motivated us to ask him for an interview. In his life, Jakac...
This paper presents results of interdisciplinary study of the pharmacy located on Zrinjevac square in Zagreb. This pharmacy has been working continuously since 1890 and is therefore one of rare pharmacies on Croatian territory which preserved its original purpose. The main scope of the study was to contribute to better understanding of pharmacy’s h...
Saint Liborius, bishop of Le Mans (France) in the 4th century, is in the traditional Catholic patron saint invoked against urolithiasis. The analysis of two iconographical representations of St Liborius proves the presence of his cult on the territory of Croatia and illustrates the theurgical view of disease and healing, which coexisted parallel wi...
Saint Liborius, bishop of Le Mans (France) in the 4th century, is in the traditional Catholic patron saint invoked against urolithiasis. The analysis of two iconographical representations of St Liborius proves the presence of his cult on the territory of Croatia and illustrates the theurgical view of disease and healing, which coexisted parallel wi...
This is a brief study on the popular ideas about leprosy based on an 18th century wall painting in north-western Croatia portraying Saint Elisabeth healing a sick man, possibly a leper. The analysis uses examples from the history of medicine, semantics, toponymy and iconography.
Lijecnicki vjesnik, during its 125 years long existence, played important role in promotion of History of medicine on our territory. The first articles, which appeared at the end of 19th century, advanced soon to endeavours for affirmation of History of medicine to academic and research discipline. The most important in this respect are texts writt...
A votive painting in the chapel of St. Donatus in Pavlovec (northern Croatia) from the 18th century depicts St Notburga of Eben with two paupers, a shepherd and an invalid. Although generally venerated as patron-saint of peasants and maids, Notburga seems to have captured the imagination of the anonymous painter as the helper of the poor and underp...
We explored the notions of life and death as perceived and presented in a 15th century Croatian literary text, Slovo Mestra Polikarpa, in which master Polikarp, a well-learned man of medieval times, engages in a lengthy dialogue with Death itself. This contrast/debate is a rare piece of medieval literature, not only by its Old Croatian language, bu...
The development of dermatovenerology in Croatia parallelled more or less this process in other parts of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy throughout the 19th century. The foundation of the first specialized hospitals as well as the establishment of dermatovenerological units and their transformation into academic departments and chairs in the early 20t...
The development of Japanese dermatology is reviewed from the times of the founding fathers and Keizo Dohi to today. Tribute is paid to the heroes of the first hour. Thereafter, an evaluation of Japanese-authored papers in the leading journal of the field (JID) over four decades is presented, taking a triennial slot in each. The contribution of Japa...
We explored the notions of life and death as perceived and presented in a 15th century Croatian literary text, Slovo Mestra Polikarpa, in which master Polikarp, a well-learned mail of medieval times, engages in a lengthy dialogue with Death itself. This contrast/debate is a rare piece of medieval literature, not only by its Old Croatian language, b...
The early relations in dermatology between imperial Japan of the beginning Meiji era and Imperial Austria-Hungary are reviewed. Keizo Dohi, the pioneer of Western dermatology in Japan, trained in Austria under Moriz Kaposi in Vienna. Emphasis is also given to dermatological iconography, to early connections in medicine, and the Japanology in Austri...
A review is presented calling attention to the first naming and publication of the term ‘lupus erythematosus’ and to the dermatologist (M. Kaposi) who first detected the systemic nature of this disease.
Although the Hippocratic natural theory of epilepsy as a brain disorder originated around 400 bc , it did not begin to take root until the 18th and 19th centuries, leaving the intervening centuries dominated by mostly supernatural concepts. This article provides historical insight into human behavior when afflicted with disease: supplication to a p...
A review is presented calling attention to the first naming and publication of the term 'lupus erythematosus' and to the dermatologist (M. Kaposi) who first detected the systemic nature of this disease.
Luca Stulli of Dubrovnik (Ragusa), 1772-1828, was one of the first to make epidemiologic studies of heritable skin disorders. His treatise of what became the 'mal de Meleda' on the Adriatic island of Mljet (Meleda) is a classic in the dermatologic literature. The present study documents his life, his birth record, his portrait and recalls his origi...
Citations
... Orthopaedic Heritage article in this Special Issue is of especially great interest because we can see more than 100 years old photos about the rehabilitations of disabled war veterans in Croatia during the Great War. [32]. ...
... Among them, graphic image segmentation has long been a hot topic in this field. Image segmentation is the process of dividing an image into several disjoint regions based on a similarity measurement criterion, with pixels in the same region having similar features and pixels from different regions having low similarity [2]. Graphic image segmentation technology has found widespread use in a variety of fields, including computer animation, medical image processing [3], virtual reality, computational visualization, and so on. ...
![[object Object]](https://i1.rgstatic.net/ii/profile.image/272493474742278-1441978915284_Q64/Jasenka-Bogdan.jpg)
... Deze versie wordt vaak gezien als een compilatie van meerdere werken van deze aard. 7 De Tsjechische Rozmlúvanie Smrti s člověkem a člověka se Smrtí (Twistgesprek van de Dood met de mens en de mens met de Dood) staat inhoudelijk en formeel zeer dicht bij de Poolse Rozmowa, maar de vraag welke versie ouder is, werd tot nu toe niet definitief vastgesteld. 8 Er zijn drie drukken van deze versie bekend, allemaal uit de zestiende eeuw en geen daarvan is compleet. ...
... The direct trade links between the Dalmatian towns and the cities of southern Italy, and the conections with the Medical School of Salerno as the most advanced medical center in the Mediterranean, influenced the opening of the oldest known public and independent pharmacies in Trogir (around 1271), Dubrovnik (1272), Split (1282), Zadar (1289), Zagreb (1355),Šibenik (1420) etc. (Tartalja 1959;Grdinić 1997a). The most famous one is definitely the Pharmacy of the Friars Minor in Dubrovnik from 1317, which has been open at the same place for more than 600 years, and the City Pharmacy at the Black Eagle (Stadt Apotheke zum Schwarzen Adler) in Zagreb, known for 500 years (Tartalja 1955;Grdinić 1998;Fatović-Ferenčić and Ferber-Bogdan 2004). The long pharmacy tradition on Croatian territory created the need for higher education of pharmacists in Croatia relatively early, at the beginning of the 19th century, along with the need for a scientific basis for pharmacy. ...
Reference: The history of pharmacy studies in Croatia
... St. Luke brought to stone formers one of the most trusted methods of stone prevention and cure, the 'tongue stones' from the island of Malta. 11 Any view different from the established Roman Catholic view was labelled heresy and punished accordingly. 9 Transmission of medical knowledge was drastically reduced to a few religious centres, and monastic medicine born. ...
... Similarly to the famed Balkan Beam [9], the Thomas splints he introduced in the field hospitals reduced the mortality of gunshots to the thigh and femoral fractures from 80 to 20 % [4]. He summarized his "on-field" experience in a brief (Fig. 2), whose main purpose was clearly stated by the author: "This little work is published in the hope that it may perhaps be of some service to surgeons engaged in military work. ...
![[object Object]](https://i1.rgstatic.net/ii/profile.image/277697721847810-1443219704775_Q64/Marko-Pecina.jpg)
... Somente no quinto surto mundial de cólera, em 1881 no sul da Ásia, Robert Koch, apoiador da teoria dos germes, identificou o microrganismo em formato de vírgula nos tecidos de pacientes doentes e defendeu uma reformulação no isolamento de pessoas contaminadas (White, 2006). Embora seus achados estivessem corretos, não foram amplamente aceitos, pois muitos duvidavam que uma bactéria poderia ser causa suficiente para desenvolver um processo patológico (White, 2006), em algumas cidades, médicos eram vistos como exterminadores das comunidades carentes, em razão de suas medidas serem salubres(Gonzalez, 1999), a crença popular dominante era de que cenários de moléstia eram castigo divino, podendo ser tratado por uma medicina doméstica, baseada na religiosidade(Santos, 1994;Wokaunn et al., 2012). O conhecimento de dados dessa quinta pandemia é limitado, mas o empirismo dos tratamentos oferecidos na época, como enemas, Num breve apanhado histórico vê-se a influência comportamental, cultural/religiosa numa pandemia e, quando as autoridades governamentais e de saúde carecem de credibilidade perante à população, torna-se mais trabalhoso empreender esforços para conscientizar e mobilizar a sociedade sobre medidas de contingenciamento da doença. ...
![[object Object]](https://i1.rgstatic.net/ii/profile.image/272492384223232-1441978655078_Q64/Mario-Wokaunn.jpg)
... Epilepsy appeared as the explanation of growth arrest in criminals and of romping moral insanity in its episodes [3,4]. Then, in criminal woman, prostitution was the main criminal aspect, in addition to reduced brain volume, weight and tendency to crime of passion [5]. ...
... In total 13 etiological theories have been proposed to explain the pathogenesis of peptic ulcers over the past 3 centuries [7], such as 'No Acid, No Ulcer' in 1910 [8] and Nerve Theory in 1913 [9]. In 1950, Alexander proposed Psychosomatic Theory [10], where multiple psychosomatic factors, such as bad habits, poor lifestyle, and unhealthy environment, were the cause of peptic ulcers [11]. ...
... The histaminemediated concept of gastric secretion contributed to this theory (Popielski and Code, mid-20th century). Schwann completed the complexity of gastric secretion in 1836 when he developed a water-soluble component called "pepsin," stating that gastric acid and pepsin are requisite for digestion [5,6]. Prostaglandins have been shown to regulate all components of the stomach mucosal defensive barriers (Vane, the 1970s). ...
