Souvik Mukherjee’s research while affiliated with Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya and other places

Alzheimer's disease (AD), a chronic neurodegenerative disease, is the most common form of dementia that causes cognitive function impairment, including memory, thinking, and behavioral changes that ultimately lead to death. The over activation of GSK-3, an enzyme from the proline/serine Ki NS family, has been associated with hyper-phosphorylation of tau proteins. Hyper-phosphorylated tau proteins self-assemble to form tangles of straight and helical filaments are known to be involved in AD. Therefore, GSK-3 has been considered a potential target of novel drug discovery for AD treatment. The research on the development of GSK-3 inhibitors has received enormous attention from the vast scientific community because they are targeted for AD and other diseases, including type 2 diabetes, cancers, stroke, Parkinson's disease, bipolar disorder etc. Various drugs originated from synthetic and natural origins have been designed to inhibit GSK-3 activity. However, there is a need to develop novel drug candidates that are selective in the inhibition of GSK3. Hence, this review summarizes the potential of GSK-3 inhibitors for AD therapy. The structure-activity relationship of current drug molecules and the potential problems associated with them are discussed in detail.

For transporting out original BDY functions, minerals, ViT, carbohydrates, pRt and fibres necessitated, received from animal or PlT sources or both. pRt reckoned as important compounds among all nutrients for the HuM BDY because they facilitated in cells to build up and tissues repair in the BDY. The BDY used pRt for energy production in the shortage of carbohydrates and fats, is essential for the BuLd of MusL mass. An active Ezm is extracted from any living organism. Sources of Ezm are fungi, yeast, bacteria, animals and PlT. A very much larger number of Ezm is found its use in diagnosis and chemical analysis. Non-microbial sources provided a larger proportion of enzyme. Ezm prevailed from PlT sources are bromelain, actinidin, ficin, a-amylase-amylase, papain, LipOXse. Application of Ezm finds its way in industries for food and beverage processing, animal feed, detergents biosensors, Pharmaceuticals, wastewater treatment and recent biofuels.

Ginsenosides (GND) are chemically triterpenoid saponin in nature. According to the presence of aglycones, dammarane and oleanane are the two types of GND. These are mostly observed in species of Panax. The researchers have discovered over one hundred fifty substances from stocks, grasses, shoots, florets, drupes from the ginseng plant. GND and their derivatives are the main chemical constituents of the ginseng plant. Recently, GND are gaining increasing interests among natural product scientists. GND have many significant pharmacological activities, including anti-oxidation, mmunomodulation, and preventive actions in cancer, inflammation, stress, and hypertension, etc. The metabolism of GND involves two significant metabolic reactions, including acid hydrolysis and hydrolytic reactions oriented from bacterial origins. After metabolism, GND are transformed into a more active GND derivatives. The utilization and changes of unblemished GND, which appears to assume a significant job for their potential wellbeing impacts, are discussed in this chapter.

Capillary electrophoresis (c.e) is a modern Spt technique other than any other chromatographic technique for the detection of plant secondary metabolites (Psm). There are two types of c.e such as capillary zone electrophoresis (c.z.e) and micellar electro kinetic (M.e.k.c.c). All kinds of secondary metabolites (Sm) (flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, aglycones, steroids, diterpene, saponin, etc.) are not possible to isolate with the help of HPLC and Gas chromatography. But such type of metabolites may possibly be isolated with the help of c.e smoothly and easily. However, in c.e charged molecules are transferred to the opposite charged molecules in the presence of the electrical field. Very low solvent, low price silica columns, and small amount of samples are needed to run the c.e. There are various characteristics such as voltage (Vtg), temperature, electrolyte concentration, BF pH, micelle concentration, and organic modifiers may influence the Spt of different Sm. In this book chapter we will describe the different parameters of c.e like methodology, detector sample analysis, and combination of other hypnated technique for the detection of metabolites.

The integral role of seeds in preagricultural diets is understandable given their high energy and nutrient density. Seeds are also particularly important in human nutrition because of their unique composition in bioactive compounds. Tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) is a member of the dicotyledonous family Fabaceae (Leguminosae). It grows in more than 50 countries of the world. Tamarindus indica is probably indigenous to tropical Africa but has been cultivated for so long on the Indian subcontinent. Phytochemical investigation carried out on T. indica seed revealed the presence of many active constituents, such as phenolic compounds, cardiac glycosides, L-(−)-malic acid, tartaric acid, the mucilage and pectin, arabinose, xylose, galactose, glucose, and uronic acid. It has various biological activities such as antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antivenom, and antidiabetic. Tamarind seed polysaccharide (TSP) is one such example which shows more valuable properties making it a useful excipient for a wide range of applications. TSP is insoluble in organic solvents such as ethanol, methanol, acetone, and ether and in cold water, but it gets dissolved completely in hot water at temperatures above 85°C. Taking tamarind with aspirin might increase how much aspirin the body absorbs. This could increase the amount of aspirin in the body and might increase the chance of aspirin side effects.

Fenugreek, which has the scientific name of Trigonella foenum-graceum L and has leaves consisting of three small obovate to oblong leaflets, is an annual herbaceous plant of the Fabaceae family. It is native to the eastern Mediterranean but is cultivated worldwide. This plant has medicinal alkaloids, steroid compounds, and sapogenins. Many uses have been mentioned for this plant in traditional medicine. The plant has been employed to ease childbirth and aid in digestion, and as a general tonic to improve metabolism. Trigonelline is considered the most important metabolite of fenugreek, which is effective in treating diabetes and decreasing blood cholesterol. Diaszhenin is an important compound in the seeds of this plant; it is used to produce medicinal steroids such as contraceptive pills. Many studies have been performed on the therapeutic effects and identification of chemical compounds of this plant. In this chapter, the most important biological effects and reported compounds of fenugreek seed are reviewed and its therapeutic applications are investigated.

Plant derived products have been important source of therapeutic agents, and now days most of the drugs are plant derived products or their derivatives. In many cases, when a plant becomes commercialized as herbal medicine, or when one of its constituents starts getting used as a pharmaceutical drug. Although herbal medicines are less potent in comparison to synthetic drugs in some cases but still these are consider less toxic or having less side effect in contrast to synthetic drugs. Objective: The present review work aims to evaluate the medicinal importance of Celsia coromandeliane Vahl. Celsia coromandeliane Vahl, is common throughout India found widely in the plains throughout India including Chhattisgarh state. Conclusion: The review of literature study suggests that, plant is found to possess various medicinal activities like antibacterial, in vitro antioxidant, anthelmintic, and CNS depressant activity. It contains sigma steroidal derivatives which has effect on puberty. Secondary metabolites present in the plant are responsible for CNS Depressant effects, Antibacterial activities, and Anthelmintic activity. Keywords: CNS Depressant effects, Antibacterial activities, Anthelmintic activity