Sonja Rohrmann's research while affiliated with Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main and other places
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Publications (81)
The current study examined the association between psychopathy, criminal behavior, and the role of verbal intelligence. One promising approach is to examine alternative links between psychopathic traits and criminality like moderation and mediation effects by considering the potential relevance of verbal intelligence as a possible moderating variab...
The current study examined the association between psychopathy, criminal behavior and the role of verbal intelligence. One promising approach is to examine alternative links between psychopathic traits and criminality like moderation and mediation effects by considering the potential relevance of verbal intelligence as a possible moderating variabl...
We readdressed the multidimensionality of the Clance Impostor Phenomenon Scale (CIPS) by reanalyzing Rohrmann et al.’s (2016) dataset, which led to the development of an improved 10-item CIPS (CIPS-10). The validity of the CIPS-10 was further examined by correlating it with HEXACO personality traits and work-related outcomes in a newly collected wo...
Lernende weltweit stehen vor der Aufgabe, ihr Wissen in Prüfungen zu demonstrieren, was als herausfordernd oder bedrohlich erlebt werden kann. Infolgedessen kommt der Erforschung des zugehörigen Angsterlebens international viel Aufmerksamkeit zu und Prüfungsängstlichkeit konnte als kulturübergreifendes Phänomen identifiziert werden. Entsprechende M...
Untersuchungen haben gezeigt, dass Persönlichkeitseigenschaften von Gründerinnen und Gründern signifikant mit dem Gründungserfolg korrelieren. Eine standardisierte, datenbasierte Berücksichtigung der Persönlichkeit wird dennoch häufig nicht vorgenommen. Ein entsprechendes Instrument fehlt bisher. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird mit dem Inventory of Fo...
Test anxiety constitutes a widespread phenomenon among students and is associated with a reduced academic performance and a stressful life. Intrusive experiences represent a significant symptom and lead to additional psychological strain (Pekrun and Götz 2006). A deeper understanding of intrusions has contributed to the development of effective the...
In the course of a growing start-up market and strongly increasing investment volume, investors try to predict the success of a business as precisely as possible in advance. However, when assessing the personality of the founder or founding team, they still rely far too often on their gut feeling, thereby reducing the quality of their decisions. Ou...
The purpose of the present study was to develop a short form of the German adaptation of the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-2 (STAXI-2). Overall, results present an economic and reliable questionnaire with a total length of 24 items: 3 State Anger short scales Feeling Angry, Verbal Anger Impulse and Physical Anger Impulse (3 items each), th...
The other-rating version of the Big Five Inventory for Children and Adolescents (BFI-K KJ-F) serves to record the five basic personality traits of Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism and Openness to Experience via reference persons and it is an addition to the German-language self-assessment questionnaire for children and ad...
Three group treatments for university students ( N = 81) with test anxiety were compared to test if treatment satisfaction and therapeutic alliance differed between groups, while taking into account the actual reduction of test anxiety and the perceived engagement of the group as possible confounding factors. Two groups offered cognitive behavioral...
Lernende weltweit stehen vor der Aufgabe, ihr Wissen in Prüfungen zu demonstrieren, was als herausfordernd oder bedrohlich erlebt werden kann. Infolgedessen kommt der Erforschung des zugehörigen Angsterlebens international viel Aufmerksamkeit zu und Prüfungsängstlichkeit konnte als kulturübergreifendes Phänomen identifiziert werden. Entsprechende M...
The Impostor Phenomenon can be described as the tendency to attribute professional success not to one’s own abilities but to excessive effort or fortunate external circumstances. Individuals strongly experiencing those tendencies fear that one day they will be exposed as “impostors” as soon as their alleged incompetence can no longer be concealed....
Test anxiety is a widespread challenge among university students. Online treatment facilitates a wider distribution and easier access to treatment. In a naturalistic study, a guided internet-delivered counseling program for test anxiety in university students was created and reviewed. Students suffering from self-reported test anxiety were recruite...
We aimed to investigate the validity of different self-acceptance measures to predict mental health. Self-acceptance and negative life events, assessed via self-report and rated from life narratives (N=149), served as predictors of mental health at baseline (T1) and four years later (T2). Path models showed distinguishable, complementary effects of...
Fostering oral communication competences constitutes a primary goal of higher education. However, research on the acquisition process is sparse, especially when the role of learning-related emotions is considered. Based on control-value theory, the present study therefore investigated the interplay between learning-related boredom and enjoyment and...
Background: Self-criticism represents a central phenomenon in a variety of mental disorders. The review looks at the recent body of literature (2012–2018) to summarize the relation of self-criticism and psychopathology beyond depression and aims at detecting how different conceptualizations of self-criticism with psychoanalytical, psychodynamic, or...
Zusammenfassung. Die Kurzversion des Big Five Inventory für Kinder und Jugendliche (BFI-K KJ) stellt einen deutschsprachigen Selbstbeurteilungsfragebogen zur Erfassung von Extraversion, Verträglichkeit, Gewissenhaftigkeit, Neurotizismus und Offenheit für Erfahrungen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen dar. Der Fragebogen wurde basierend auf einer Stichpro...
Social identification has been shown to be a protective resource for mental health. In this study, the relationships between social identification and emotional, as well as cognitive symptoms of test anxiety are investigated. Participants were university students diagnosed with test anxiety (N = 108). They completed questionnaires regarding a range...
Background and objectives:
Psychophysiological measures were assessed in university students during a test simulation before and after group treatment for test anxiety based on cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), including relaxation techniques (CBT + R) or imagery rescripting (CBT + ImRs) and a moderated self-help group (SH) to understand if psyc...
Following up on earlier investigations, the present paper analyzes construct validity of
the impostor phenomenon. It examines the question whether the impostor phenomenon
is a homogeneous construct or whether different types of persons with impostor
self-concept can be distinguished on the basis of related characteristics. The study
was conducted w...
The measurement of psychopathic personality traits via self-report has become an important tool in legal psychology. One prominent instrument is the Psychopathic Personality Inventory (PPI; Lilienfeld and Andrews, 1996), a well-validated questionnaire that is widely applied in many countries. In Germany, it is the only questionnaire assessing psych...
Previous research has shown that intrusions are part of the psychopathology of mental disorders. Imagery techniques seem to be an effective treatment of negative intrusions. Since negative mental imagery is part of health anxiety, the present study investigated the impact of imagery techniques on health anxiety. A total of 159 students with elevate...
By means of two studies, a self-report measure to assess self-efficacy in presentation and moderation skills, the SEPM scales, was validated. In study 1, factorial and construct validity were examined. A sample of 744 university students (41% females; ranging from < 20 to > 31 years, with more than 50% between 20 and 25 years) completed newly const...
Background:
Test anxiety is a common condition in students, which may lead to impaired academic performance as well as to distress. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of two cognitive-behavioral interventions designed to reduce test anxiety. Test anxiety in the participants was diagnosed as social or specific pho...
Following up on earlier investigations, the present research aims to validate the construct impostor phenomenon by taking personality correlates into account and to examine whether the impostor phenomenon is a construct in its own right. In addition, gender effects as well as effects on working style and stress or strain are examined. In an online...
The current study concerns the validation of an English version of the German Test Anxiety Inventory, namely the PAF-E. This questionnaire is a multi-faceted measure of test anxiety designed to detect normative test anxiety levels and in consequence meet the need of consultancy. Construct and criterion validity of (PAF-E) were examined with a sampl...
Control-value theory (CVT) proposes a framework for the structure of the relationships between the various predictors of achievement-related emotions, particularly anxiety. Despite existing evidence for the role of anxiety predictors, research has not yet justified their proposed structure. Hence the current study validated the structure of test an...
According to R. Schwarzer's theory of self-regulatory goal attainment processes (1998), self-efficacy beliefs have positive effects on motivational and volitional processes and the resulting performance. Test anxiety, on the other hand, is known to have detrimental effects on performance. To disentangle the complex relationships between trait test...
The aim of the study was the investigation of the relationship between the Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS), the Behavioral Approach System (BAS), and state anger with a multi-methodological (self-report, physiological, and behavioral) approach. Additionally, as previous work on the relation of anger with self-report measures of BIS and BAS facet...
This study investigates the reliability and validity of the State-Trait-Anger-Expression-Inventory-2 (STAXI-2; in the German version by Rohrmann et al., 2013) in a sample of n=57 male inmates (aged 25-67 years). Internal consistencies reveal a high reliability of the STAXI-2 and subscale intercorrelations are close to those of the standardization s...
Theoretischer Hintergrund: Es gibt Hinweise, dass Ekelempfindlichkeit (Neigung, mit Ekel zu reagieren) und Ekelsensitivität (Neigung, Ekelempfindungen negativ zu bewerten) eine Rolle bei der Entstehung und Aufrechterhaltung der Hypochondrie spielen. Fragestellung: Besteht ein Zusammenhang zwischen Ekelempfindlichkeit bzw. Ekelsensitivität und hypoc...
Schema Therapy is a promising comprehensive treatment for Borderline Personality Disorder with a growing body of research evidence, based upon a unifying theory and a structured and systematic approach. Schema Therapy concepts have some overlap with cognitivebehavioural psychotherapy, psychodynamic psychotherapy, object relations theory and Gestalt...
Theoretically, disgust sensitivity and disgust proneness could play an important role in hypochondriasis, since disgust is a defensive emotion widely believed to protect the organism from illness. However, empirical evidence to support this hypothesis has so far been based only on nonclinical samples, so that the importance and specificity of disgu...
In der Prüfungsängstlichkeitsforschung gewinnen kulturvergleichende Ansätze zunehmend an Bedeutung. Dabei lässt sich Kultur aus zwei Perspektiven betrachten, aus einer „etischen“ und einer „emischen“ Perspektive (Berry, 1999). Die etische Betrachtungsweise entspricht einer kulturübergreifenden Außensicht. Kultur wird hierbei meist anhand von kultur...
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) as well as social phobia (SP), and selective mutism (SM) are characterised by impaired social interaction. We assessed the validity of the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) to differentiate between ASD, and SP/SM. Raw scores were compared in 6–18 year old individuals with ASD (N = 60), SP (N = 38), SM (N = 43), and ty...
Although anger as a negative emotion is associated with unpleasantness, recent research on anger highlights its motivational effect. The present study tested whether individuals experience both, an unpleasant and an activating affect, after real-life provocations. Results revealed that an anger situation evoked not only typical subjective and cardi...
The present study investigated the construct validity of the Test Anxiety Questionnaire (Prüfungsangstfragebogen PAF; Hodapp, Rohrmann, &Ringeisen, 2011), a revised and shortened version of the German Test Anxiety Inventory (TAI-G), by comparing it with math anxiety. A sample of German fi fth- and sixth-grade students (N = 79; 61 % male) was analyz...
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) as well as oppositional defiant (ODD) and conduct disorder (CD) is characterised by difficulties in social interaction with peers. The Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) measures reciprocal social behaviour in children and adolescents and was originally developed as a quantitative measure of autistic traits. In the pre...
Das STAXI-2 ist ein Fragebogenverfahren zur Erfassung verschiedener Aspekte des Ärgers. Einerseits wird der situationsbezogene Ärger (State-Ärger bzw. Zustandsärger) gemessen. Andererseits können verschiedene dispositionelle Ärgerdimensionen erhoben werden: Trait-Ärger mit den Komponenten Ärger-Temperament und Ärger-Reaktion, Formen des Ärgerausdru...
Cross-sectional studies have found that demands to express positive emotions have more desirable associations with service providers' well-being and service quality than demands to suppress negative emotions. Despite their potential importance, emotional labour research has not clarified the nature of these differences yet. The present experimental...
There is ample empirical evidence for negative effects of emotional labor (surface acting and deep acting) on workers' well-being. This study analyzed to what extent workers' ability to recognize others' emotions may buffer these effects. In a 4-week study with 85 nurses and police officers, emotion recognition moderated the relationship between em...
Individuals' attributions about conflict influence their behaviour: Appraising conflict as relationship-oriented rather than task-oriented increases individuals' likelihood to engage in conflict-escalating behaviour. This study analysed to what extent emotion recognition influences people's conflict appraisal in teams. Seventy individuals assigned...
In some research situations, the realization of a randomized experiment is practically impossible or ethically not justifiable. For example, in educational research, a reading training program should be given to children who have lower scores in a reading achievement test instead of giving the training program to those children who do not need it....
In customer interactions, emotional display rules typically prescribe service providers to suppress negative emotions and display positive ones. This study investigated the causal impact of these emotional display rules on physiological indicators of workers' stress and performance. Additionally, the moderating influence of personality was examined...
The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency and effects of peer-victimization on mental health problems among adolescents. Parental and school support were assumed as protective factors that might interact with one another in acting as buffers for adolescents against the risk of peer-victimization. Besides these protective factors, age a...
Current research demonstrates that requirements to express emotions which are not genuinely felt in the particular situation (emotional dissonance) are associated with negative long and short-term effects. The aim of the present study was to investigate: (a) the psychophysiological short-term effects of emotional dissonance in a face-to-face servic...
Using a disgust-inducing film, Gross (1998) showed that the instruction to suppress mimic expression (suppression) triggered physiological arousal, while the instruction to think about the film in order to adopt a detached and unemotional attitude (reappraisal) reduced affective strain compared to a condition instructing subjects simply to watch th...
Self-report measures assess mental processes or representations that are consciously accessible. In contrast, implicit measures assess automatic processes that often operate outside awareness. Whereas self-report measures have often failed to show expected relationships with endocrine stress responses, little effort has been made to relate implicit...
A bradycardia and an increasing parasympathetic activity are often recommended as characteristic physiological disgust reactions. However, findings concerning the influence of disgust on heart rate and autonomic control are heterogenous. Apart from this, only a few studies examined cardiovascular reactions to disgust, besides heart rate. The aim of...
Our unit investigates the relationship of emotional processes (experience, expression, and coping), their physiological correlates and possible health outcomes. We study domain specific anger expression behavior and associated cardiovascular loads and found e.g. that particularly an open anger expression at work is associated with greater blood pre...
Several studies have revealed that women report stronger feelings of disgust than men (Gross & Levenson, 1995; Schienle, Schäfer, Stark, Walter, & Vaitl, 2005). However, the extent to which this gender difference also influences physiological disgust responses remains an open question. In Experiment 1, 54 female and 41 male participants were expose...
Neurofunctional mechanisms underlying cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) are still not clearly understood. This functional magnetic
resonance imaging (fMRI) study focused on changes in brain activation as a result of one-session CBT in patients suffering
from spider phobia. Twenty-six female spider phobics and 25 non-phobic subjects were presented wi...
The study explores whether conduct-disordered children differ from healthy children in reference to their moral development and to what extent cognitive and education factors, respectively psychosocial stress factors mediate the level of socio-moral development.
Sixteen boys aged nine to fourteen years with an ICD-10 diagnosis of Conduct Disorder w...
Zusammenfassung: Fragestellung: Die vorliegende Studie uberpruft, ob sich Patienten mit Storungen des Sozialverhaltens von gesunden Kindern hinsichtlich ihres moralischen Entwicklungsniveaus unterscheiden und inwieweit kognitive Faktoren, Erziehungsfaktoren sowie psychosoziale Belastungsfaktoren eine mediierende Rolle fur die Stufe des sozio-morali...
In this study, the effects of an experimental-induced provocation on emotions and aggression were examined in 34 aggressive conduct-disordered children using a competitive reaction time paradigm. Two experimental conditions were created, an increasing provocation and a low constant provocation condition. Self-rated anger was assessed directly after...
The present study investigates the effects of choir music on secretory immunoglobulin A (S-IgA), cortisol, and emotional states in members of a mixed amateur choir. Subjects participated in two conditions during two rehearsals 1 week apart, namely singing versus listening to choral music. Saliva samples and subjective measures of affect were taken...
Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Die experimentelle Uberprufung des neu entwickelten Fragebogens zur Erfassung der Ekelempfindlichkeit (FEE) stand noch aus. Fragestellung: Unterscheiden sich gering und stark ekelempfindliche Personen in ihren Reaktionen auf einen ekelinduzierenden Film? Methode: 170 Studenten wurden anhand der Gesamtskal...
Background: The experimental investigation of a new questionnaire for the assessment of disgust sensitivity (FEE) was lacking. Objective: Do subjects high and low in disgust sensitivity show different responses to a disgust-inducing film? Method: 170 students classified according to the total scale score (FEEtotal) or its subscale death (FEEdeath)...
Psychobiological responses to examination stress in repressors and sensitizers have rarely been investigated with respect to intraindividual response discrepancies. Furthermore, possible sex differences have rarely been taken into consideration. Therefore the present study investigated if repressors and sensitizers differ in their psychobiological...
In this study, it was investigated whether the discrepancies between physiological ( p ) and emotional ( e ) stress responses typical for repressors ( p > e ) and sensitizers ( e > p ) can be experimentally induced. Thirty repressors and thirty sensitizers, defined according to questionnaire scores, were tested in a public speaking paradigm. During...
Previous studies have shown that migration and acculturation lead to higher blood pressures and a higher prevalence of cardiovascular diseases. Heightened cardiovascular reactivity is considered as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to examine cardiovascular reactivity in young and healthy sec...
It is well known that relaxation training leads to decreases in physiological activity, to increases in secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) in saliva as well as to increases in feelings of relaxation. Furthermore, it is known that relaxation training is particularly effective in syndromes of muscular tension. This study was designed to investigate if...
It is well known that relaxation training leads to decreases in physiological activity, to increases in secretory immunoglobulin A (slgA) in saliva as well as to increases in feelings of relaxation. Furthermore, it is known that relaxation training is particularly effective in syndromes of muscular tension. This study was designed to investigate if...
This paper investigates if the highly selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor reboxetine leads to a dose-dependent cortisol release and if this response depends on personality dimensions related to clinical depression in healthy volunteers. Twenty-four male subjects received placebo, 2 mg, or 4 mg reboxetine in a balanced, randomized cross-over...
The tridemensional model of personality introduced by Cloninger relates aspects of novelty seeking to the dopaminergic, harm avoidance (HA) to the serotonergic, and reward dependence to the noradrenergic neurotransmitter system. Using a neuroendocrine challenge paradigm, this study investigates whether subjects characterized by blunted cortisol (CO...
This study aimed at manipulating psychobiological reactions to public speaking stress by means of verbal comments during the anticipation period. Sixty male students were instructed to give a public talk in 10 min. Twenty subjects each were randomly assigned to one of three experimental conditions: During anticipation of the speech the experimenter...
Since blunted prolactin (PRL) and partly blunted cortisol responses have been reported for subjects with aggressive impulsive disorders as well as with psychopathy, it seemed worthwhile to try to separate the two types of aggression by their biological response. Since, furthermore, cortisol responses are more readily elicited by 5-HT1a challenges a...
The present paper investigates the question of how experimentally induced aggression can be modified by different temperament dimensions, and if subjects scoring high on different aspects of temperament differ with respect to responses to a serotonergic drug, since serotonin responses have been shown to be related to impulsivity and aggression. In...
Secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) in saliva has been suggested to play an important role in protecting the mucosa of the upper respiratory tract and the oral cavity against viral infections and bacterial adherence. Low concentrations of sIgA are associated with certain diseases, like e.g. caries and repeated infections of the upper respiratory trac...
Citations
... The internal consistency is very good to excellent (α = 0.91; McElwee and Yurak, 2007). The Impostor Self-Concept Questionnaire (Rohrmann et al., 2020) is a recently published 15-item German-language questionnaire. It shows excellent internal consistency (α = 0.93-0.94) ...
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... The increasing competition, and technological developments in the marketplace pressure organisations to innovate faster to promote customer satisfaction and organisations' financial performance (Hussain, Konar, & Ali, 2016;Wang & Wang, 2012). One major factor that helps organisations to understand and develops their employees' innovative performance is identifying their personality traits (Fichter, Bernstorff, & Rohrmann, 2020;Woods, 2018). ...
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... Higher scores indicate greater levels of anger. The DAR-5 has demonstrated strong internal reliability (Forbes et al., 2014) and concurrent validity with the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-2 (Tibubos et al., 2020). ...
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... CVT specifically acknowledges four achievement goal orientations but differentiates only between one cognitive and one physio-affective test anxiety facet (Elliot & Pekrun, 2007;Pekrun et al., 2009). Test anxiety researchers, however, argue that test anxiety represents a multidimensional construct, which comprises multiple cognitive facets aside from the physio-affective facet (Cassady & Finch, 2015;Elliot & McGregor, 2001;Putwain et al., 2021;Tibubos et al., 2021;von der Embse et al., 2018). However, different solutions regarding the number of cognitive facets are being discussed. ...
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... Students' impostor feelings were not directly or uniquely correlated with academic achievements, merely via test-anxiety. Indeed, individuals with high impostor expressions are by definition capable and successful in what they do (Clance & Imes, 1978;Clance & OToole, 1987) (or else they would not be considered "impostors"), as they tend to perform fairly well at work and/or studies and often express perfectionism (Cokley et al., 2015;Pannhausen et al., 2020). However, according to our findings, students with high impostor feelings are more likely to experience test-anxiety and, in turn, to perform less well academically. ...
... -عبر األةران قييم في ولوجيي ع ال ت طبيق ال دام د اسد الويب ال يب ق في دهم يسد قق وي يز الرأا داا وإ الوة في والمروني فيي الن مت مزيد (Wang et al., 2020) . (Rohrmann et al., 2020;Warshawski et al., 2019) . ...
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... Need strength and perceived need support Due to the specific German oral exam setting, we used validated scales in German that mirror the wording and subscale structure of the widely used instrument by Chen et al. (2015). Aligned with considerations on trait assessment in academic performance settings (Zeidner, 1998;Tibubos et al., 2019), we operationalized need strength as a situation-specific trait with reference to exam-related tasks or examiner behaviors. Specifically, we investigated autonomy and competence strength employing the two respective scales from Rakoczy et al. (2005), enriched by items by Katz and Cohen (2014). ...
... In their online survey of over two hundred German-speaking students, Klug and colleagues identified that around one third of the investigated individuals suffered from test-related intrusions. The amount of intrusions further increased exponentially with the amount of test anxiety, in particular, when visual intrusions became present (21). Further evidence for a possible relationship between mental images and test anxiety stems from three imagery-based intervention studies [including two randomized controlled trials (RCTs)]. ...
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... Students' characteristics were measured via the following five instruments: Personality Traits via BFI-K KJ (Kupper et al., 2019), Physical Self-Concept via (Braun et al., 2018), Achievement Motive via AMS-Sport (Herrmann et al., 2014) derived from Elbe et al. (2005), Motives to be physically active via BMZI-JFEA (Gut et al., 2019), and Sports Interest via Sports Interest (Gogoll, 2010) derived from Kunter et al. (2002). All instruments were validated in samples similar to SuM PLuS' sample and obtained satisfactory test quality criteria ( Table 1). ...
... For instance, present moment awareness, a facet of self-acceptance, was negatively connected with depression and positively related to quality of life across time (Long & Hayes, 2014). Similarly, reduced self-acceptance was linked to worse mental health outcomes (e.g., lower psychological well-being) four years later (Tibubos et al., 2019). Further, those with reduced self-acceptance had increased depression 10 years later (Wood & Joseph, 2010). ...
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