Sofia El Arabi’s research while affiliated with Sorbonne University and other places

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Publications (5)


La gouvernance des migrations subsahariennes au prisme de la politique de dispersion spatiale au MarocThe governance of sub-Saharan migration through the prism of spatial dispersal policy in Morocco
  • Article

June 2023

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31 Reads

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1 Citation

L’Espace Politique

Sofia El Arabi

This article provides an analysis of sub-Saharan migration governance in the light of the policy of spatial dispersal as a new modality of bordering in Morocco, in the post-2015 Valletta Migration Summit context. By conducting participatory action research over the period 2017-2020 with a cohort of 215 migrants dispersed by Moroccan authorities and focusing on two Moroccan cities (Tiznit and Taza), we explore the border and territorial turn in Morocco in migration management. The evolution of the forms and uses of the Euro-Moroccan border and the biopolitics of spatial dispersal operate according to the logic of division of spatial labour serving a territorial confinement of migrants. We show that the adaptation of national borders to the new mobility regime, by thickening for certain categories of individuals and weakening for others, is part of a new framework of local migratory governance developed on the basis of territorialization. The analysis of the protection-development nexus informs us of the rhetoric of the fixation of dispersed migrants in Morocco and about forced mobility as a new instrument of a soft geopower.


Resilience and governance of dispersed sub-Saharan migration in Morocco: The case of the refuge-cities of Tiznit and Taza
  • Article
  • Full-text available

September 2022

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52 Reads

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2 Citations

Frontiers in Political Science

This article aims to contribute to the construction of theoretical and empirical milestones of the concept of urban resilience by applying it to the field of sub-Saharan migration geography in Morocco. Our analysis is based on participatory action research conducted between 2017 and 2020 with a cohort of 215 migrants dispersed by the Moroccan state from the northern border areas of the country and forcibly relocated to the peripheral cities of Tiznit (south) and Taza (northeast). These two territories, to which the state delegates de facto responsibility for receiving and assisting dispersed migrants, have been transformed into refuge-cities. By mobilizing a set of indicators, we present an operational definition of resilient urban governance of sub-Saharan migration. While exploring the link between resilience and local hospitable mobilizations, we highlight the processes underlying the construction of urban initiatives to host dispersed migrants. We show that the framework of urban resilience is revelatory of inclusive reception dynamics, of the autonomous agency, and the innovative capacity of refuge-cities in the core of a debordering process.

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Géographie de la dispersion des migrations subsahariennes au Maroc : Le cas de deux villes-refuge, Tiznit et Taza.

December 2020

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9 Reads

Cette thèse traite des répercussions de la politique d’externalisation des dispositifs de sécurisation des frontières de l’Union européenne au Maroc dans le contexte post-crise migratoire de 2015. Nous analysons la stratégie marocaine de déplacements forcés des migrants subsahariens désireux de rejoindre l’Europe depuis le nord du pays vers des villes moyennes situées plus au sud. En introduisant le concept de « dispersion », cette recherche ambitionne de comprendre le processus de « frontiérisation » via la relocalisation forcée des migrants subsahariens au Maroc. Fondée sur une étude empirique dans le cadre d’une recherche action et une méthode participative, cette recherche a été menée comparativement dans les villes moyennes de Tiznit et Taza. Notre thèse interroge et analyse les logiques de la dispersion, la nature des rapports instaurés entre migrants et locaux, mais aussi les effets de cette nouvelle modalité de « frontiérisation » sur les individus et les lieux. Ainsi, notre thèse documente les effets de la dispersion, comme politique de « mise en vulnérabilité » plurielle qui se voit amortie par des « villes-refuge » sous le sceau d’éthiques de l’hospitalité. Se posent ainsi les enjeux du dépassement sécuritaire au profit d’une « civilité de transit » qui se tisse entre autochtones et migrants dispersés, en l’absence de politiques d’accueil étatique. La dispersion met en lumière des réactions inattendues des sociétés civiles, nourrissant la reconfiguration de la mission d’accueil dans ces villes-refuge. Cependant, ces actions palliatives restent particulièrement fragiles du fait de l’absence de réelles politiques publiques concertées.

Citations (2)


... Today, Morocco is experiencing a wave of migration from Sub-Saharan Africa due to vulnerability (Faleh et al., 2009). These migrants are a relatively young people (more than eight out of ten of them are aged 15-44), the majority of whom come from West African countries (El Arabi, 2023). According to the High Commission for Planning, in its national survey on forced migration in Morocco (2021), more than one-third of migrants (39.1%) left their country of origin mainly for reasons related to war, insecurity, search for employment (36.7%) and acquisition of skills (14.1%). ...

Reference:

Naturalism of consciousness: A dialogue between Colin McGinn and Owen Flanagan
La gouvernance des migrations subsahariennes au prisme de la politique de dispersion spatiale au MarocThe governance of sub-Saharan migration through the prism of spatial dispersal policy in Morocco
  • Citing Article
  • June 2023

L’Espace Politique

... Por su parte, el Departamento de Estado estadounidense confirmó la detención de migrantes y el desplazamiento forzoso de 10.000 personas subsaharianas en los aledaños de Ceuta y Melilla en 2020. Estos datos corroboran la utilización de estas prácticas de «dispersión» de la población migrante subsahariana lejos de las fronteras europeas como herramienta de control (El Arabi, 2020). Lo atestigua Tarik, guineano de 21 años, quien entró por Oujda (frontera con Argelia) a Marruecos y se instaló en los alrededores de Nador durante nueve meses marcados por el inicio del estado de emergencia sanitario. ...

Géographie de la dispersion des migrations subsahariennes au Maroc: Le cas de deux villes-refuge, Tiznit et Taza
  • Citing Article
  • February 2021

Carnets de géographes