Sipra Komal Jena’s research while affiliated with GSL Medical College & General Hospital and other places

Objective: Creating awareness of educational research and receiving opinions on the existing trends. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 70 faculty members working in GSL Medical College and Hospital, Rajahmundry. In this study the participants were given a preformed questionnaire regarding views on teaching methodology & educational research which was filled by them and the data collected was analyzed by Microsoft excel. Results: Majority of the participants in our study (92.1%) agreed that teaching learning methodology is a part of educational research. The next major reason being lack of knowledge of educational research (53.9%).60.3% of the participants thought that including technology can make medical teaching more interesting. Conclusion: From this study we can conclude that opportunities along with institutional support is necessary to motivate the medical faculty in pursuing educational research. © 2016, Indian Journal of Public Health Research and Development. All rights reserved.

Objective: To study and compare didactic lecture and small group discussions among undergraduate medical students. Study design: Quasi-experimental study Method: Two groups of students were selected from the same batch for the study. One group was taken as the experimental group and the students were taught a topic by small group discussions. The other group was taken as the control group and taught the same topic by the traditional method of didactic lecture. At the end of both the methods of teaching a test was conducted and the scores obtained by the students in both the groups were analyzed. Results: Students involved in the modern teaching method i.e. small group discussions were found to have performed better than those taught by traditional method i.e. didactic lecture. Conclusion: Introduction of modern teaching methods like small group discussions into the present curriculum of medical education can improve the learning process in the students and produce better results & improve their academic skills. © 2016, Indian Journal of Public Health Research and Development. All rights reserved.

Background: India contributes a large proportion to global under-five child mortality. One of the determinants of child morbidity and mortality is the “child rearing practices.” Materials and Method: Information was collected by house to house interviews from married women residing in the urban field practice area. Data was collected during 1st October 2014 using pretested questionnaire Married women in reproductive age group with child in the age group of 1-5 years were eligible for inclusion. To assess the child rearing knowledge and practices (CRKP), a score was calculated based on 10 variables and categorized into satisfactory and unsatisfactory. Results: A total of 247 eligible married women were included in the study. Conclusion: The knowledge, attitude and practice regarding child rearing practices among mothers of under 5 was found to be satisfactory overall. Mothers’ education has a significant role in determining her child rearing practices, which in turn would lead better child survival. © 2016, Indian Journal of Public Health Research and Development. All rights reserved.

Background: The advances in technology & diagnostic facilities have opened up avenue for girl haters & those preferring male child, leading to serious disturbances in sex ratio resulting in decline of child sex ratio. This has led to enforcement of Preconception & Prenatal diagnostic Techniques (PNDT) Act since 1994 & its amendment in 2002 & 2003 (PC- PNDT) act. The PC & PNDT act is very helpful for reducing the rate of female feticide which is the root cause for this disturbance. Hence the present study is an effort to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice related to PC & PNDT Act among the pregnant women so that the various reasons of declining sex ratio can be known. Objectives: To assess the knowledge, attitude & practice related to PC & PNDT act among the pregnant women & to study their socio-demographic profile. Materials And Method: About 2000 antenatal women who came for ultrasonography examination to the department of Radio-diagnosis from 1st April 2011 to 31st March 2012 were interviewed with the help of a pretested questionnaire & data was analyzed. Results: Out of 2000, antenatal women, 43.08% had knowledge about PC & PNDT act & 56.2% did not have any knowledge about it. The more the literacy status, the more was the knowledge about PC & PNDT act. Illiterates had more preference for male child. The attitude regarding PC & PNDT act was more positive in the lower middle class. About 85% of antenatal women say that they will contribute to prevent female foeticides. Conclusions: There is a need to educate women, particularly from under privileged population about the PC & PNDT act through intensive Information, Education & Communication Campaigns. © 2015, Indian Journal of Public Health Research and Development. All Rights Reserved.

BACKGROUND:. There are various surgical problems in the surgical approach of the gut in infancy, childhood & adult. The study of blood supply to the intestine particularly the superior mesenteric artery is important. So the knowledge of occurrence of variations of the origin, course, relations, distribution, & branching of superior mesenteric artery is essential apart from normal distribution in order to prevent complications during surgery. OBJECTIVES: 1. To study the Human Superior Mesenteric artery & variations in its branches in detail. 2. To compare the diameters of abdominal aorta & superior mesenteric artery at the origin. MATERIALS AND METHOD:. Around 50 adult specimens were obtained from the Department of Anatomy, 25 dead fetuses & 25 post mortem specimens were obtained from the department of Forensic medicine, Rangaraya Medical College, Kakinada. These specimens were dissected in order to expose the superior mesenteric artery & studied in detail. RESULTS: No abnormal origin of the superior mesenteric artery in the given specimen is observed. However some variations were seen n the branching pattern of the same. CONCLUSIONS: Different type of variations in the branching pattern of the superior mesenteric artery is common & the knowledge of which is important for the General & Paediatric surgeons while performing abdominal, particularly the gut surgery in order to reduce the complications during & after surgery. © 2015, Indian Journal of Public Health Research and Development. All rights reserved.

Background: Low birth weight is one of the most serious challenges in maternal & child health in both developed & developing countries. It has been emphasized that a community based prospective study would help to define the exact role of various factors affecting birth weight. This helps in preventing Low birth weight (LBW) babies through good prenatal care & intervention programmes rather than the treatment of LBW babies later. Objectives: 1.To study the risk factor of LBW due to socio-demographic & economic causes.2. To study the risk factors due to obstetric causes & factors due to personal origin. Materials And Method: Around 120 mothers who gave birth to low birth weight babies in the month of September 2011 to December 2011 who were admitted in G.S.L Medical College & Hospital were examined, & interviewed with the help of a pre-tested questionnaire. Their socio- demographic, economic, physical profiles were studied. Results: Lower age group of mother, illiteracy, socio economic status, decreased BMI, passive smoking, habit of taking caffeine etc are significant risk factors for low birth weight babies. Conclusions: There is need of population based interventions in terms of improving maternal education & socioeconomic status. The results of this study suggest that for reducing LBW, the strategy needs to focus attention on nutrition education to facilitate better weight gain during pregnancy, encouraging appropriate birth spacing, avoidance of tobacco chewing & exposure to passive smoke & discouraging teenage smoking. © 2015, Indian Journal of Public Health Research and Development. All Rights Reserved.

The ileocolic artery is the lowest branch arising from the concavity or right side of the superior mesenteric artery. There are many variations in the branching pattern. The knowledge will help the operating surgeon while doing ileocaecal & appendicular surgeries. The surgeon will be obliged to bear in mind regarding the variations & the sound knowledge of particular vascular pattern is obviously helpful in determining the level of resection & prevention of complications during the surgery.

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the improvement in Visual Acuity (VA), Visual Functions (VF) and Vision Related Quality Of Life (VRQOL) after cataract surgery at a tertiary hospital. Methods: In this hospital based prospective, observational study, a total of 60 patients, who were scheduled to undergo cataract surgery at this centre were included. Pre operative VA (recorded using Illuminated Snellen's or Illiterate E Chart) and VFQ 25 Score (with NEI VFQ 25 Questionnaire) was obtained. Extra Capsular Cataract Extraction (ECCE) and Posterior Chamber Intra Ocular Lens (PCIOL) implantation by Manual Small Incision Cataract Surgery (MSICS) was performed on these patients. Results: Out of the 60 patients, 51(mean age 60.9years, 68.6%female) attended follow up visits till 6 weeks. These patients were re-evaluated and the postoperative parameters of VA, VFQ 25 Score were obtained. Conclusions: We conclude that visual acuity testing alone is not a reliable measure of success of cataract surgeries and assessment of visual functions, vision related quality of life by a suitable and valid questionnaire provides better analysis of patient perceived outcomes and thus helps in the improvement of interventions for visual rehabilitation. © 2015, Indian Journal of Public Health Research and Development. All rights reserved.

Background: Cardiac changes are very commonly seen in both acute & chronic renal failure. The occurrence of cardiac failure or myocardial infarction prior to starting dialysis is an important prognostic factor. Therefore early detection of these factors are important so that the fatal outcomes of the cardiovascular diseases can be prevented. Objectives: 1. To study the various cardiac changes among the patients with acute & chronic renal failure. 2. To compare the findings among them. Materials and Method: Around 100 patients of acute renal failure & 100 patients of Chronic Renal Failure who were admitted in the hospital during September 2008 to September 2009 were examined, investigated & interviewed with the help of a pretested proforma. The cardiac changes in both groups were studied. Results: Cardiac related complaints & symptoms like puffiness of face, oedema of feet, chest pain, tachycardia, pericarditis, left ventricular hypertrophy etc were seen more among the chronic renal failure than the acute cases, the difference being statistically significant (p<0.001).Many non specific cardiac changes occur in Acute renal failure whereas hypertension & left ventricular failure are more seen in chronic renal failure which can have fatal outcomes. Conclusions: Cardiac changes in renal failure are very common leading to increased fatality among the patients & can be diagnosed early by electrocardiac & echocardigraphic examination. All patients with renal failure should undergo detailed cardiac evaluation as routine procedure to detect & prevent the dreaded cardiac complications.

Background: The knowledge of normal location, awareness on usual and rare variations of major blood vessels and their branches supplying the stomach is of immense help to Surgeons and research workers for deciding the areas of resection of tissues by surgeons and to add additional information on existing and available material by researchers in conditions like Esophageal carcinoma, Ca head of pancreas, Ca of fundus of stomach, Cysts and tumors related to lesser and greater curvatures and head of pancreas etc. Objectives: 1. To study the blood supply of stomach in detail & the different anatomical pattern of the blood supply. 2. To see any variations in the branching pattern. Materials And Method: Around 100 cadavers were studied. The site of origin, course and area of stomach supplied by different arteries and their branches and their anastomoses with the neighbouring branches were studied in detail in 100 cadavers from the period of 2006-2009. Results: Some variations are seen in left & right gastric artery, right gastroepiploic artery, short gastric arteries whereas maximum specimens showed the standard branching pattern of stomach. Conclusions: Many variations are seen apart from the normal branching pattern. Though majority of specimens showed the normal branching pattern, the variations in the pattern of each branch & the main artery supply cannot be ignored. The knowledge of normal location, awareness on usual and rare variations of major blood vessels and their branches supplying the stomach is of immense help to Surgeons and research workers for deciding the areas of resection of tissues in various situations & conditions. © 2014 Indian Journal of Public Health Research and Development. All rights reserved.