Sigmund Freud's scientific contributions

... On 30 July 1932, having been requested by the League of Nations to invite a partner of his choice to an honest, open dialogue on the most urgent question facing civilization, "Is there any way to avoid war?", Albert Einstein wrote a letter to Sigmund Freud (Freud & Einstein, 1933). Einstein had himself realized that it was unworkable to create an international judicial agency whose task was to act as an arbiter in all conicts and whose decisions all parties, nations, and interest groups would follow. ...

... On the other hand, trying to avoid an hylomorphic perspective, Tim Ingold argues that the actual shape of the tool unfolds thanks to the interaction of human gesture and the developmentpotential intrinsically pertaining to the material itself (Ingold, 2013). Despite this opposition, that could be easily overcome considering mental imagery not as rigid schemes entirely existing a priori but as fluid and dynamic interaction between perception and knowledge (Freud, 1954), what appears clear is that assimilation requires reelaboration. It is not enough to see -or to hear something -to "grasp it". ...

... Then, g * = ⟨G * , z⟩ is the global ideal level of satisfaction. f) Freud (1933) defined frustration as an unpleasant state which emerges whenever a pleasureseeking or pain avoiding behavior is blocked. Then, the VR formulation ...

... She asked if his experience of dissociation in our research sessions was related to an earlier period in his life. I thought of Freud's (1958) paper "Remembering, Repeating and Working Through," the fundamental therapeutic process. Though he didn't recall anything from his early life, Tony gave a powerful emotional response. ...

... Para Sigmund Freud, el inconsciente es eterno, y se estructura más allá de nuestra particularidad histórica y espacial. El inconsciente, también, es conflictivo y antagónico porque las instituciones sociales se oponen al deseo de los individuos (Freud, 2013). El inconsciente es la expresión de un eterno conflicto. ...

... While Sagiv et al. 2019 describe how choreographers create an aesthetic, Beyes and Steyaert use the aesthetics of defamiliarization to look at well-known "everyday sites of organizing" (2013, p. 1445) in order to create something new. They present the concept of the "aesthetics of the uncanny" (Beyes andSteyaert 2013, p. 1445) based on Brecht's Verfremdung ("alienation") and Freud's das Unheimliche ("the uncanny") (Cixous 1976). Both concepts describe audiences' feelings of unease and alienation when presented with the familiar becoming estranged (Doherty 2007). ...

... Both Freud and Piaget addressed the question of when a young child becomes adept at differentiating between nighttime happenings and dreams. Exploring his own children's dreams, Freud (1900) confirmed that children experience dreams as actual events around age two. ...

... Freud (1920) mentioned this aspect of the infatuation of a homosexual female patient with a rejecting lover: "Her reaction took the form of great compassion and of phantasies and plans for 'rescuing' her beloved from these ignoble circumstances." Abraham (1922), in accounting for the fantasy in men of rescuing some important male authority -a fantasy that Jones (1953), incidentally, reports to have been central in Freud's daydreams -also emphasized the role of unconscious hostility in its formation. Sterba (1940) has maintained that hostility is always present in fantasies of saving; his clinical examples include a patient making the slip, "Doctor, I have had a rescue fantasy against you." ...

... He could not express that essence in words, but some day, no doubt, it will become accessible to the scientific mind. 10 Jacqueline Rose's comment on this is that 'Freud offers here one of the most striking self-definitions of the modern secular Jew -that is, the Jew for whom shedding the trappings of linguistic, religious and national identity -paradoxically, by stripping away its untenable and, one might say, most politically dangerous elements -does not make him less Jewish, but more'. 11 It is worth underlining again that being 'secular' does nothing to stop Freud from seeing himself and being seen as Jewish, any more than it did for the first officially secular Jew, Spinoza, who remained 'the Jew' in the eyes of the world even after he was excommunicated and mainly ceased thinking of himself that way. ...

... Of course we have much documentation of Ferenczi's humanistic clinical functioning once he became a psychoanalyst, from his own publications, the reports of his students Michael Bálint (16), Izette de Forest (8,9), Sandor Lorand (17), Clara Thompson (18), and from his colleagues, including his mentor, Freud (19), and even his political enemy, Ernest Jones (20). We also have the assessment of modern Ferenczi scholars which indicates he was one of the warmest, most creative, and empathic of the original circle that surrounded Freud (4,(21)(22)(23)(24)(25). ...