Sidhartha R. Sinha's research while affiliated with Stanford University and other places

... Particular attention needs to be paid to the increase in IBD in children and adolescents because of the impact these diseases can have on their quality of life, such as stunted growth, school absenteeism and the psychological effect of a chronic disease on the patient and family [69]. On the other hand, except for enteral nutrition, there are only limited data regarding the impact of diet on disease course, either considering adults [72,73] or children [74]. It should be noted that there is growing evidence of the role of the Western diet in the increasing prevalence of IBD worldwide [64,71,75]. ...

... For instance, the Crohn's disease exclusion diet (CDED), which is a low-fat, highprotein diet, has been effective for managing children with mild to moderate CD, as well as for patients with an unfavorable response to biological therapy. Changes in microbial diversity, depletion of Proteobacteria, and enrichment of Firmicutes, particularly Clostridiales, were noted following the intake of this diet [91]. Furthermore, studies in mice have shown that a ketogenic diet (KD) and low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) can cause modulation of specific composition and function of gut microbiota and metabolites. ...

... 59 As the interaction between selectins and ligands on leukocytes mediates the capture and rolling of the leukocytes, the interaction between integrins and CAMs mediates firm adhesion and transmigration. 60 So, the molecules recognized by selectins and CAMs are utilized to modify the drug vector to achieve active inflammation targeting. Besides, platelets can be activated to clot the wound area at the inflammation site. ...

... SPM-derived studies applied to medicine have demonstrated promising outcomes, including disease susceptibility prediction [9,10], improved understanding of disease progression patterns [11,12], identification of revisit patterns [13,14], enhanced pharmacovigilance for medication safety [15,16], and the exploration of relationships between medical conditions [17,18]. Despite several limitations, including variations in data quality, privacy concerns, the complexity of developing predictive models, and ethical considerations regarding data usage and transparency, medical research employing SPM has been actively reported to date [19,20]. ...

... Animals were maintained in accordance with the National Institutes of Health guidelines, and experiments were approved by Stanford University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee the APLAC-24685. We used 4 mice per group in this study since our previous studies in rodents have shown the reproducible effect of saffron [23,26,28]. ...

... Moreover, recent reports have pointed to the importance of vitamin D in the natural history, treatment outcomes of IBD, and potentially all-cause mortality [11,12]. Indeed, previous studies have shown that low vitamin D levels are associated with disease severity and vedolizumab failure in patients with IBD [13][14][15]. Additionally, despite high doses of vitamin D, patients can achieve sufficiency even with supplementation [16,17]. We previously described, in a small group of patients, a lack of clinical remission when vitamin D levels are less than 30 ng/mL and persistent elevation in C-reactive protein (CRP) when vitamin D levels are extremely low (<15 ng/mL) [18]. ...

... They conclude that saffron suppressed 5HT, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α secretion through inhibiting NF-κB expression. This prophylactic effect of saffron was accompanied with preserving the variety of the gut microbiota and increasing the short-chain fatty acids (Banskota et al., 2021). In another study on mice, 20 mg/kg of saffron ameliorated colitis excited by DSS by increasing antiinflammatory cytokines such as IL-10 and activating Nrf2 signaling pathway . ...

... Baugher recently studied the urinary microbiome, using AI to enhance infectious diagnosis, and Lin proposed the use of AI to understand the metagenomics of intestinal disease diagnostics [138,139]. Machine learning has been utilized recently to study the gut microbiome for the diagnosis of bowel diseases in humans [140][141][142]. In Manandhar's work, a gut microbiome-based supervised machine-learning approach was used for clinical diagnosis. ...

... Additionally, AI devices may benefit patients in ways that are not reflected by a health system's cost savings or rise in revenue. For example, AI-based systems may assist clinicians in reviewing patient records and synthesizing and highlighting clinically relevant data 17 . Such devices may reduce the time required for physician chart review by 20%. ...

... This results from the fact that the diet contains compounds with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities, and that it is one of the most important factors shaping gut microbiota diversity and composition, which is disturbed in IBD. [102][103][104] Polyphenol-rich extracts are known to influence gut microbiota. As they are obtained from various parts of plants, mainly fruits, seeds, rhizomes and leaves, they can form part of the everyday diet. ...