Shivkumar Kalyanaraman’s research while affiliated with Microsoft and other places

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Publications (288)


Figure 1: Architecture of the PROOF OF THOUGHT (PoT) framework, illustrating the integration of natural language reasoning with formal logical verification.
Figure 2: Example DSL program components of the PROOF OF THOUGHT (PoT) framework for a dummy task assignment verification and optimization problem. The figure displays the JSON-based Domain-Specific Language (DSL) structure, including sort definitions, variables, functions, constants, knowledge base, rules, verifications, and optimization constraints for a workforce management scenario.
Proof of Thought : Neurosymbolic Program Synthesis allows Robust and Interpretable Reasoning
  • Preprint
  • File available

September 2024

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21 Reads

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Srinivasan Iyengar

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Vipin Chaudhary

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Shivkumar Kalyanaraman

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized natural language processing, yet they struggle with inconsistent reasoning, particularly in novel domains and complex logical sequences. This research introduces Proof of Thought, a framework that enhances the reliability and transparency of LLM outputs. Our approach bridges LLM-generated ideas with formal logic verification, employing a custom interpreter to convert LLM outputs into First Order Logic constructs for theorem prover scrutiny. Central to our method is an intermediary JSON-based Domain-Specific Language, which by design balances precise logical structures with intuitive human concepts. This hybrid representation enables both rigorous validation and accessible human comprehension of LLM reasoning processes. Key contributions include a robust type system with sort management for enhanced logical integrity, explicit representation of rules for clear distinction between factual and inferential knowledge, and a flexible architecture that allows for easy extension to various domain-specific applications. We demonstrate Proof of Thought's effectiveness through benchmarking on StrategyQA and a novel multimodal reasoning task, showing improved performance in open-ended scenarios. By providing verifiable and interpretable results, our technique addresses critical needs for AI system accountability and sets a foundation for human-in-the-loop oversight in high-stakes domains.

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Reliable Energy Consumption Modeling for an Electric Vehicle Fleet

June 2022

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178 Reads

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5 Citations

Accurately predicting the energy consumption of an electric vehicle (EV) under real-world circumstances (such as varying road, traffic, weather conditions, etc.) is critical for a number of decisions like range estimation and route planning. A major concern for electric vehicle owners is the uncertain nature of the battery consumption. This results in the “range anxiety” and reluctance from users for mass adoption of EVs, since they are concerned about untimely drainage of battery. Even at the organizational level, a company running a fleet of electric vehicles must understand the battery consumption profiles accurately for tasks such as route and driver planning, battery sizing, maintenance planning, etc. In this paper, firstly, we highlight the challenges in modelling energy consumption and demonstrate the nature of data which is required to understand the energy consumption of electric vehicles under real-world conditions. Then, through a large and diverse dataset collected over 23,500 hours spanning ≈ 460,000 km with 27 vehicles, we demonstrate our two-stage approach to predict the energy consumption of an EV before the start of the trip. In our energy consumption modelling approach, apart from the primary features recorded directly before the trip, we also construct and predict secondary features through an extensive feature engineering process, both of which are then used to predict the energy consumption. We show that our approach outperforms Deep Learning based modelling for EV energy consumption prediction, and also provides explainable and interpretable models for domain experts. This novel method results in energy consumption modelling with of Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) on our dataset and significantly outperforms state-of-the-art results in EV energy consumption modeling.









Citations (74)


... For example, Y. Al-Wreikat et al. [1] propose to partition drivers into multiple classes and quantify the average VECs. The data-driven methods, on the other hand, aim to automatically extract and utilize relevant knowledge by leveraging machine learning tools, e.g., linear regression (LR) [7], decision tree (DT) [25], support vector machine (SVM) [21], etc. Inspired by the recent advances of deep learning, deep neural networks such as Long-Short-Term Memory (LSTM) [4] and Transformer [31] have also been adopted to analyze road-level energy consumption. However, existing approaches make predictions based on handcrafted statistical features, which overlook the personalized nature of varying driving behaviors under different travel contexts. ...

Reference:

A Preference-aware Meta-optimization Framework for Personalized Vehicle Energy Consumption Estimation
Reliable Energy Consumption Modeling for an Electric Vehicle Fleet
  • Citing Conference Paper
  • June 2022

... In solar energy systems, machine learning algorithms enhance solar panel performance, increase energy forecasting, and optimize energy storage systems. For instance, machine-learning techniques have been used to detect and localize solar panel faults, drastically reducing the time required to identify and rectify faulty cells (Ahan et al., 2021). In addition, machine learning-based solar energy forecasting systems have demonstrated high accuracy (Partheeban et al., 2022). ...

AI-assisted Cell-Level Fault Detection and Localization in Solar PV Electroluminescence Images
  • Citing Conference Paper
  • November 2021

... In this case, the according companies might be able to shift tasks among data centers depending on the momentary energy costs at both data centers [33], [91]. Moreover, also the edge data centers built currently may contribute to flexible demand [92]. ...

Redesigning Data Centers for Renewable Energy
  • Citing Conference Paper
  • November 2021

... Notwithstanding the significant advancements achieved in modeling methodology and computational capability, modern climate models persistently encounter a myriad of challenges. This is illustrated, for instance, by the requirement for precise models of complex physical processes, the integration of a vast array of data types, and predictions with an actionable resolution for the planning and executing of local decisions [31]. A considerable number of the presently operational models rely on statistical techniques, which while beneficial, do not always account for the omission of precise scientific data about the climate system. ...

Micro-climate Prediction - Multi Scale Encoder-decoder based Deep Learning Framework
  • Citing Conference Paper
  • August 2021

... Random Forest is one of the most widely used Classification algorithms, which uses the Ensemble Learning Technique [32]. One of the main advantages of Random Forest is that it creates many decision trees on the input subset data and combines all the outputs into a final prediction as shown in Figure 5 [33]. Random Forest methods are less prone to overfitting problems and tend to have better accuracy than other classification methods. ...

Crop-Identification Using Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 Data for Indian Region
  • Citing Conference Paper
  • July 2018

... Many studies compared the satellite SM observations with the available in-situ data over the Indian region (Bhimala and Goswami 2015;Das et al. 2018;Bhimala and Rakesh 2019) and noticed that the two data sets are generally well consistent with high (moderate) correlation during wet (dry) season. In recent years, emphasize is given to the satellite-derived SM and also given importance of the inclusion of SM initial information in the NWP. ...

Evaluation of Land Surface Model Against Smap and In-Situ Observations for Indian Region
  • Citing Conference Paper
  • July 2018

... Artificial Neural Networks ANN have been shown by Wojdyga [17] to be an effective approach to analyze data from previous heating seasons. Moreover, there has been a clear increase in interest in the use of machine learning methods, such as support vector machines (SVM) [18], random forest [19], deep learning [20] and gradient boosting [21]. Additionally, a reinforcement machine learning technique was implemented to optimize the combustion control strategy [14]. ...

A machine learning based heating and cooling load forecasting approach for DHC networks
  • Citing Conference Paper
  • February 2018

... Using this intelligent automation, not only cost parameter is worked upon but the overall efficiency of the device is also improved. To boost up energy yield of the solar PVC by efficient photonic energy harvesting, the use of IoT has proven useful [29,30]. The node MCU, a minicomputer, is used to implement IoT in the proposed system. ...

Photonic Energy Harvesting: Boosting Energy Yield of Commodity Solar Photovoltaic Systems via Software Defined IoT Controls

... For example, the efficiency of PV panels significantly drops during extreme heat. Cloud and aerosols result in very low power production by reducing near-surface solar radiation 11 . In Europe, it was found that all regions have experienced periods of very low solar power over the past 23 years (1995-2017), though the severity and driven weather patterns differ 12 . ...

Shedding Light on the Performance of Solar Panels: A Data-Driven View
  • Citing Article
  • February 2016

ACM SIGKDD Explorations Newsletter

... In this work, we present a novel analytics approach [7] (Fig. 1) to estimate the connectivity model of a radial 1 distribution network. Our techniques are novel as they are purely based upon a time series of power measurements collected by various meters in the distribution grid. ...

Determining a connectivity model in smart grids