Shiekh Marifatul Haq's research while affiliated with Ilia State University and other places

Publications (67)

Article
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Weeds are a major threat to agriculture and horticulture cropping systems that reduce yield. Weeds have a better ability to compete for resources compared to the main crops of various agro-ecosystems and act as a major impediment in reducing overall yield. They often act as energy drains in the managed agroecosystems. We studied weed infestation fo...
Article
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Background: Ethnic communities have relied on animals and their derived products for ages, and their use is often intricately related to many cultural features. In remote regions across the globe, indigenous peoples have been using invertebrates and herptiles for a variety of purposes (medicine, food, culture, and spiritual importance); however, r...
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The evaluation of alien invasive plants (AIPs) environmental and ecological distribution patterns can provide important data as well as a theoretical approach for management methods such as invasion prevention, eradi-cation, and control of established AIPs, and recognition of ecosystems at high threat of invasion. Twenty 100 m 2 transects were rand...
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Evaluations ecosystem health-based field studies can assist decision-makers in formulating more targeted conservation policies to better manage ecosystems and landscape. To analyze forest characteristics in the Zabarwan Mountain Range we used the Floristic Quality Assessment Index (FQAI) technique to evaluate the ecosystem health status of the vege...
Article
Climbing plants have an important role in forest communities and ecosystems. Despite the significance of the climbers in ecosystems, most of the previous research work in Pakistan has been concentrated on trees, shrubs, and herbs, with little attention paid to climbing plants. The current study investigated the ecology of climbers and the influence...
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Climbing plants have an important role in forest communities and ecosystems. Despite the significance of the climbers in ecosystems, most of the previous research work in Pakistan has been concentrated on trees, shrubs, and herbs, with little attention paid to climbing plants. The current study investigated the ecology of climbers and the influence...
Article
A vital criterion for the accurate assessment of biodiversity is the qualitative examination of vegetation, which provides essential data for comprehending the general structure and function of any ecosystem. There has been a lot of research on documentation criteria, but in many tropical and subtropical locations, like the Shawilks Mountain Range...
Preprint
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Invasive plants that can withstand disturbances typically predominate in the roadside vegetation. The current study was designed to examine the patterns of floristic diversity along the roadside in Tehsil Khanudkhel, District Buner. Raunkiaer's classification was used to classify the plants that were gathered. All of the plants collected were divid...
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For millennia, ethnic knowledge has been intricately tied to local biodiversity and woven into the fabric of rural communities. Growing scientific evidence suggests that merging ethnic knowledge with new scientific findings can lead to socially acceptable and environmentally friendly approaches essential for the long-term prosperity of local commun...
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Simple Summary: In traditional medicinal systems, animals play an essential role in treating health issues (zoo therapy) as different body parts are used to treat different diseases. Meanwhile, local traditional knowledge (TK) is an important aspect of cultural legacy that can depict the relationship between communities and nature. Recently ethnobi...
Article
The composition and structure of the vegetation not only reflect the nature of basic phytosociological associations but also form a habitat for numerous organisms. This work aimed to study floristic composition. Five sites each considered as a stand in the research area were selected to analyze the vegetation. The data was collected through the qua...
Article
In an era of climate change, quantifying forest biomass and carbon stock along elevational gradients in moun- tainous areas assumes immediate relevance for carbon budgeting and forest management. Here, we carried out extensive field studies to quantify the tree biomass and carbon stock of major forest types along a wide eleva- tional gradient (350–...
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Climber–abiotic parameter interactions can have important ramifications for ecosystem’s functions and community dynamics, but the extent to which these abiotic factors influence the spatial distributions of climber communities in the western Himalayas is unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine the taxonomic diversity, richness, and distri...
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Pteridophytes have been used by humans for millennia, but in comparison to flowering plants, the documentation of their traditional uses is still neglected; as a result, they must be highlighted and popularized. The present study was carried out from January 2019 to November 2021 to gather ecological and traditional use information on pteridophytes...
Article
Ethnoveterinary practices are an important part of Himalayan culture, and they have evolved as primary health care system for the treatment of different ailments in animals. The valley of Kashmir is home to a variety of ethnic groups [i.e., Gujjar, Bakarwal and Kashmiri], mostly occupied in agriculture and related services, having traditional knowl...
Article
Among the many global drivers of ecosystem degradation, the long-term impact of livestock settlements on vegetation patterns and composition, and is one of the greatest hurdles to successful forest ecosystem restoration. In order to identify the ecological implications of human land use changes on vegetation patterns and composition, the current st...
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The significance of edaphic factors in describing forest vegetation patterns is becoming more well acknowledged, with significant implications for the description of biogeographical regions and biome classification, as well as abundance and growth patterns at regional levels. The current study examines the vegetation association in the Zabarwan mou...
Article
In an era of climate change, quantifying forest biomass and patterns of carbon stock along elevational gradients in mountainous areas are particularly important for carbon budgeting and forest management. Here, we carried out extensive field studies to quantify the tree biomass and carbon stock of 12 major forest types along a wide elevational grad...
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People have traditionally relied on fish to supply their major food and healthcare needs all across the world. However, there has been little focus on the traditional dietary, cultural identity, and integrity of traditional food systems in many rural Himalayan populations. The current study looks into the use of fish in traditional food and foragin...
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People have traditionally relied on fish to supply their major food and healthcare needs all across the world. However, there has been little focus on the traditional dietary, cultural identity, and integrity of traditional food systems in many rural Himalayan populations. The current study looks into the use of fish in traditional food and foragin...
Article
Several anthropogenic activities can impact forest carbon (C) dynamics. In the Himalaya, insufficient studies are available on the intensity and impacts of multiple anthropogenic activities on forest C stocks. Here, we studied the changes in tree C stock in temperate forest stands of Kashmir Himalaya due to anthropogenic disturbances. We sampled fo...
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Despite the fact that numerous studies have evaluated floristic features of certain regions, there are still inaccessible and understudied places within hotspot, such as the Shishi Koh Valley, Chitral mountain region of the Hindukush. Present study evaluated the taxonomic, ecological and habitat diversity of the plant communities in the study area....
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Plant resources have always been valuable in human life, and many plant species are used in medicine, food, and ritual, and resource utilization is closely related to cultural diversity. Our study was conducted from June 2019 to April 2021, during which we aimed to document the local knowledge of plant resources of five ethnic groups, i.e., the Guj...
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The present study was carried out to evaluate the chemical properties of soil in relation to forest structure and composition at different altitudes (900-2,600 m asl) in a part of Western Himalaya. The composite soil samples were taken from three (viz. upper, middle and lower) depths. The soils of the whole study area were acidic in nature (pH=4.90...
Article
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Traditional diets exist in all cultures and geographic regions, and they often represent healthy eating options. Traditional culinary preparations have, however, often undergone profound change, even in the isolated Himalayan region. Therefore, we adapted methods to identify traditional plant foraging activities to better understand their significa...
Article
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Background: Traditional use of medicinal plants is an important aspect of Himalayan culture, and these approaches have evolved to include the primary health-care purpose and treatment of a wide range of ailments. Methods: Snowball sampling method was used to interview 300 informants using semi-structured questionnaire to document the uses of indig...
Chapter
Systematic floral samplings were carried out in 32 stands within 4 forest compartments of the Pir Panjal Mountain situated in the Western Himalayas. The present study has specifically investigated the floristic diversity and community characterization for vegetation composition in the Tangmarg forest division situated in the Kashmir Himalayas. A to...
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By assessing plant species composition and distribution in biodiversity hotspots influenced by environmental gradients, we greatly advance our understanding of the local plant community and how environmental factors are affecting these communities. This is a proxy for determining how climate change influences plant communities in mountainous region...
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Background: In Islam, nature feeds the incorporeal and physical needs of humankind. From the Quranic point of
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Elevation plays a pivotal role in determining the diversity and distribution of biodiversity in mountainous landscapes, and therefore macroecological assessment of forest tree vegetation is crucial for developing scientifically-informed forest policy and management. In this study, we investigated the diversity, distribution pattern and regeneration...
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Background: Food and culture have both local and global implications. Through their distinct culinary habits, communities are linked to their culture. Foods can transmit a variety of cultural meanings in and of themselves. It describes the community's social standing, ethnicity, and income in addition to informing us about a specific event. A certa...
Article
Background: Medicinal plants are used to cure a variety of ailments since ancient times. In last few decades an increase in interest in the use of medicinal plants is noted for discovering novel medicines and treatments to fulfill the needs of the increasing population. This study was aimed to document phyto-recipes used by the indigenous communiti...
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Citation: Haq, S.M.; Yaqoob, U.; Calixto, E.S.; Kumar, M.; Rahman, I.U.; Hashem, A.; Abd_Allah, E.F.; Alakeel, M.A.; Alqarawi, A.A.; Abdalla, M.; et al. Long-Term Impact of Transhumance Pastoralism and Associated Disturbances in High-Altitude Forests of Indian Western Himalaya. Sustainability 2021, 13, 12497. https://doi.
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Therapeutic plants ethnically utilized for the cure of various aliments of animals have an important part in the rural veterinary healthcare system because allopathic medicines remain inaccessible, particularly in the third world countries. This work was carried out in Teshil Tangi District Charsadda, Pakistan, in 2016-18, aiming for conserving the...
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Background: Cultural diversity in the Himalayan Mountain regions is closely linked to biodiversity, as there is a very close relationship between the local fauna and cultures. Religious rules and rituals also reinforce this relationship. Research has proven that these relationships are complex and differ based on a variety of factors. Methods: Ther...
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The nomadic pastoral indigenous communities of the Ladakhi people share roots with Tibetan culture in terms of food, clothing, religion, festivals, and habits, and rely widely on plant resources for survival and livelihood. This survey was conducted during 2020–2021 to document the indigenous knowledge about plant resources of the Balti, Beda, and...
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Background: Traditional knowledge plays an important role in the conservation of floral diversity and is often used for the treatment of numerous diseases in local medicinal systems. Diverse cultural groups in the Himalayan regions have their own local indigenous healthcare systems, with medicinal plant applications that differ depending on geograp...
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Protected areas are contributing people's livelihoods and working as the backbone of all forms of biodiversity conservation. The reformed rules and the legal local protection have come up as a means of conserving trees and associated diversity of life throughout the world. But due to the anthropogenic pressures and climate change especially in the...
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Globally, biodiversity-rich forest ecosystems are facing higher risk of climate and land-use changes. Therefore, understanding the role of anthropogenic factors in affecting forest community composition and vegetation patterns assume urgent research priority and are prerequisites for conservation and sustainable management of forest ecosystems. We...
Article
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Background: Cultural diversity in the Himalayan Mountain regions is closely linked to biodiversity, as there is a very close relationship between the local fauna and cultures. Religious rules and rituals also reinforce this relationship. Research has proven that these relationships are complex and differ based on a variety of factors. Methods: Th...
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The significant portion of global terrestrial biodiversity harbored in the mountains is under increasing threat from various anthropogenic impacts. Protecting fragile mountain ecosystems requires understanding how these human disturbances affect biodiversity. As roads and railways are extended further into mountain ecosystems, understanding the lon...
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The physical structure of vegetation and species composition determine the storage potential of biomass and strong influence on the regional and global carbon cycle. The present study was to assess the tree structural attributes including diversity, stem density, biomass and C stocks in the forest types of Kashmir Himalaya. The highest amount of to...
Article
Riverine ecosystem highly prone to invasion thereby provides pathway for efficient dispersal of propagules between isolated protected areas. Since invasive species have the potential to lead the loss of species diversity and ecosystems function at regional scale, it increases demands on the natural capitol being conserved. In the current study, we...
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Traditional knowledge on plants and their uses by tribal indigenous culture is helpful in the conservation of biodiversity. During 2017-2018, ethnobotanical investigations of the plants growing in Neelum Valley in District Bandipora (a part of Kashmir Himalaya) were carried out to collect information regarding different usages of the plants species...
Article
Enormous biotic stresses, such as uncontrolled grazing, logging, use of plants for timber and fuelwood, deforestation for cultivation, and road constructions have drastically deteriorated forests in the Kashmir Himalaya. On the basis of the intensity of biotic stress, three differently forest sites, protected, unprotected and roadside forest, were...
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AimThe outbreak of the new coronavirus pandemic (SARS-CoV-2) was initiated in December 2019, and within a couple of months it became a global health emergency. Given the importance to assess the evolution and transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 and to forecast the next scenario of the pandemic, mainly in countries with limited healthcare systems, we est...
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The present study was carried out to determine the soil physical properties in relation to the forest structure and composition at different altitudes in Western Himalaya. The composite soil samples were obtained from three (viz. upper, middle and lower) depths. The average sand, silt and clay contents ranged between 62.87 to 79.19%; 2.09 to 5.82%...
Article
Vegetation analysis provides the prerequisites to understand the overall community structure and function of any ecosystem and is a fundamental requirement for the precise evaluation of biodiversity. Although many studies have assessed floristic attributes of specific areas, there are still unexplored regions, as is the case of the mountain region...
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This work was performed to examine the antibacterial activity of stem extract of Abutilon theophrasti. A simple maceration process was utilized to obtain the crude extract with methanol as a solvent. The dried extract was done by using a rotary evaporator. The bacterial strains of gram-positive (Bacillus cerus (MTCC-3381), Staphylococcus aureus (MT...
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Authentic certification, documentation, and ecological characterization of weed flora are of paramount importance for future studies that would help to formulate strategies for their management and conservation. Alien plants used to pose severe threats to ecosystems, and qualitative studies on weed flora in many interior regions of the Himalaya are...
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Background: A fair amount of ethnobotanical knowledge of wild plant species is still held by the native people of the Himalayan mountainous region. The present study quantified the ethnobotanical usage of plants in a remote tehsil (Karnah) of district Kupwara, Jammu and Kashmir, evaluating the traditional medicinal plants use against various diseas...
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Zootherapy is accepted all around the globe not only in ancient cultures but di�fferent animal derived medicines are also part of the practice in the modern health care systems. The present study assessed the traditional ethnozoological usage of wild animals by local inhabitants in Ladakh region, India, and the reference data for scientific approac...
Chapter
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Investigating traditional knowledge is a science of preserving age-old practices, and now new drugs and nutraceutical products are formulated based on traditional inventory. From 2017 to 2019, an ethnobotanical documentation of the plants growing in district Reasi (a part of Jammu Himalaya) was carried out to collect information regarding different...
Article
Biodiversity and productivity are the two most important attributes linked to the functioning of forest ecosystems. Understanding how diversity and productivity of a forest ecosystem change at a regional scale is crucial for conservation priority. We present an investigation of the structural attributes of forest with respect to biodiversity and bi...
Preprint
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Aim: The outbreak of the new coronavirus pandemic (SARS-CoV-2) was initiated in December 2019, and within couple of months it has turned out to be a global health emergency. Given the importance to assess the evolution and transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 and to forecast the next scenario of the pandemic in the future, mainly in countries with limite...
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Under the contemporary climate change, the Himalaya is reported to be warming at a much higher rate than the global average. However, little is known about the alpine vegetation responses to recent climate change in the rapidly warming Himalaya. Here we studied vegetation dynamics on alpine summits in Kashmir Himalaya in relation to in situ measure...
Preprint
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Background - The sixth anthropocene mass extinction in the last 540 million years indicates that human activities including illegal trade is the fundamental threat to the endangered species, their habitats and to the global biodiversity as well. In this context, it is paramount keeping in view the role of hotspot regions in the conservation of biod...
Chapter
Forests play critical ecological and socio-economic roles by providing life-supporting ecosystem goods and services to humankind, including provisioning (e.g. food, fuel and timber), regulating (e.g. climate, water and soil conservation), and cultural (e.g. recreation) services. In the recent past, increasing anthropogenic pressure on forest ecosys...
Article
Both natural and anthropogenic disturbances are key drivers of forest dynamics that alter species composition and diversity, which in turn determine the successional trajectory of the forests. The present study aimed to investigate the community composition, population structure and regeneration status of tree species in relation to anthropogenic d...
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The present study was aimed to study the impact of human settlements on forests of Karen valley in Kashmir Himalayas. Forest composition, community structure and diversity patterns are important ecological attributes significantly correlated with prevailing environmental as well as anthropogenic variables.The conversion of forest land for agricultu...
Article
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The Himalayas are one of the youngest and richest ecosystems on earth with a variety of species and forest types due to the varying altitude, topographic, and climatic conditions. The present study was aimed to investigate the floristic composition and biological spectrum of Keran valley, a region nestled in the northwestern frontiers of Himalayan...

Citations

... Yet subjectively assigned, CC values were proved to be effective (Matthews et al. 2015). Moreover, when a high number of experts is involved, the FQA approach is effective to assess ecosystem integrity and especially to highlight gradients of anthropogenic disturbance and the success of ecosystem restoration (Taddeo and Dronova 2018;Spyreas 2019;Haq et al. 2022). The more experts are included the better is the possibility to moderate outliers (Delbecq et al. 1975;Matthews et al. 2015). ...
... We used the spatial turnover (Simpson pairwise dissimilarity) and nestedness-resultant components (nestedness-fraction of Sorensen pairwise dissimilarity) of β-diversity analysis applying "Sorensen" as family of dissimilarity index while the Dissimilarity analysis was conducted in the package "betapart" [55]. In addition, indicator species analysis was used to identify the key weed species for each habitat type using PAST software [56]. Indicator values were computed according to Dufrêne and Legendre [57], and the statistical significance of the maximum indicator value was determined using the Monte Carlo Test of significance [58]. ...
... The Chure harbors about 1000 plant species of different life forms [16,29,47]. The floral diversity is comparable with that of the Indian part of Chure [54]. It includes more than 281 tree species that constitute about 40% of total tree species recorded in Nepal, 186 shrubs, and 322 herbs including Pteridophytes [16]. ...
... Indeed, very few contributions have been made to evaluate the urban and peri-urban green spaces in developing countries by using the contingent's valuation methods and by asking the inhabitants their matters of concern, preferences, and opinions. This study, even if focused on Pakistan [49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59], demonstrates the usefulness of a cost-effective method to estimate the values connected with ES in peri-urban green areas that can be exported to other developing countries as well. The concluding part of the research will clarify the overall situation of the area with respect to associations between green spaces, green areas, and ecosystems and also introduce their research methods for assessment along with recommendations. ...
... Indeed, very few contributions have been made to evaluate the urban and peri-urban green spaces in developing countries by using the contingent's valuation methods and by asking the inhabitants their matters of concern, preferences, and opinions. This study, even if focused on Pakistan [49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59], demonstrates the usefulness of a cost-effective method to estimate the values connected with ES in peri-urban green areas that can be exported to other developing countries as well. The concluding part of the research will clarify the overall situation of the area with respect to associations between green spaces, green areas, and ecosystems and also introduce their research methods for assessment along with recommendations. ...
... The indigenous knowledge of using medicinal plants for the treatment of various disorders is an old age practice of human evolution (Gertsh 2009;Jan et al. 2022a). Approximately 85% of world's population living in developing countries is solely dependent on traditional medicinal plants for obtaining their health care (Calixto 2005;Mir et al. 2021a;Khoja et al 2022c). Ethnic communities living adjacent to forest areas rely on medicinal plants collected from wild for their primary health care. ...
... Climate regulation Plants regulate climate by absorbing greenhouse gases (e.g., CO2), using carbon stocks to quantify the climate regulation services (Marifatul Haq et al., 2022) C total = C above + C below + C dead + C soil C total is total carbon storage, C above is aboveground carbon storage, C below is belowground carbon storage, C dead is dead organic matter carbon storage, and C soil is soil carbon storage Air Purification ...