Sheldon S. Williamson’s research while affiliated with University of Ontario Institute of Technology and other places

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Publications (396)


Cognitive Computing for Smart Automotive Transportation: Technology and Applications
  • Book

May 2025

G. R. Kanagachidambaresan

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Archana Naganathan

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Niresh Jayarajan

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Sheldon S. Williamson








Health-Conscious Fast Charging for Electrified Aircraft Batteries Using a Multistage-Constant-Current Temperature-Controlled Strategy

February 2025

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7 Reads

IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics

The operational efficiency and widespread adoption of electric aircraft are highly dependent on their energy storage systems. Fast charging is essential for reducing downtime and improving turnaround times, but it can negatively impact battery health due to increased temperatures and accelerated chemical degradation. This issue becomes more pronounced under subzero conditions, where reduced chemical reaction rates increase internal impedance, leading to a greater rise in battery temperature and faster degradation. This article proposes a closed-loop Multistage-Constant-Current, Temperature-Controlled (MCC-TC) fast charging strategy designed to preserve the health of aviation-grade batteries. MCC-TC algorithm modulates charging current by incorporating real-time battery temperature feedback. The experimental validation shows that the MCC-TC algorithm significantly reduces temperature rise (ΔT) and the rate of temperature rise (ΔT/Δt) compared to the conventional Constant-Current Constant-Voltage (CC-CV) method. At -5°C and 30°C, the MCC-TC algorithm achieved reductions in ΔT and ΔT/Δt of 47.68% and 65.35%, and 49.74% and 38.96%, respectively. These results highlight the potential of the algorithm to enhance battery health and improves the efficiency of the charging process.


Cloud-Enhanced Battery Management System Architecture for Real-Time Data Visualization, Decision Making, and Long-Term Storage

January 2025

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1 Read

IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Industrial Electronics

The rapid advancement of battery management systems (BMS) in automotive applications demands real-time, automated data acquisition and visualization architectures capable of handling complex battery dynamics. This paper introduces a robust, scalable cloud-based architecture that seamlessly integrates with the physical on-board BMS for enhanced monitoring, predictive analytics, and long-term data storage. The system uses automotive-grade hardware, including an NXP BMS and STM32 microcontroller and an efficient Python-based CAN data decoding algorithm to enable accurate real-time monitoring and visualization via Grafana®. Comprehensive experiments reveal the system's efficiency in tracking critical parameters like cell voltage, temperature, and balancing voltage, ensuring proactive detection of weak and faulty cells, thereby improving battery safety. Key contributions include high-resolution, precision real-time battery data sampling; efficient CAN data decoding; data safety and security; identification of weak cells; and analysis of how data sampling rates and cloud server locations impact communication latency, memory usage, and computational power. Understanding these factors is crucial for the scalability of cloud-based BMS in automotive applications. The proposed architecture will aid in the practical implementation of cloud-enhanced BMS and digital twin-based BMS. It will also benefit second-life applications of retired automotive batteries due to long-term historical data storage.


Citations (48)


... Integrating two or more sources associated with energy production technologies can improve the system, especially considering the irregular nature of many renewable energy sources. For instance, since PV systems rely on environmental conditions, utilizing multiple sources ensures B Yadvendra Singh singhyadvendra1995@gmail.com 1 Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, India a more reliable power supply to the load [3]. Energy storage solutions provide stability against the variability linked to alternative energy sources and the power grid [4]. ...

Reference:

Implementation of a multiport power converter for a hybrid renewable energy system
Techno-Economic Considerations for Optimal Sizing of Isolated Hydrogen-Battery-Solar Powered Microgrids
  • Citing Conference Paper
  • November 2024

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Sheldon Williamson

... Several works, such as Qu et al. [43] and Gao et al. [44] showed that the battery temperature rise is directly related to its degradation. It is very crucial to consider this ΔT/Δt during charging to inhibit battery capacity degradation, especially at low temperatures [45], [46]. ...

Thermal Characterization of Current and Next-Generation Lithium-ion Battery for E-mobility Applications
  • Citing Conference Paper
  • August 2024

... Despite these limitations, ongoing research explores various applications, such as KANs in continuous optimal control problems (e.g. [26], applying KANtrol to the 2D heat equation) and core temperature estimation for lithium-ion batteries without surface sensor feedback [27]. The proposed Bayesian KAN can be highly valuable for uncertainty quantification across multiple scenarios. ...

Core Temperature Estimation of Lithium-Ion Batteries Using Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) Network and Kolmogorov-Arnold Network (KAN)
  • Citing Preprint
  • File available
  • August 2024

... Zakeri et al. (Zakeri et al. 2021) proposed energy storage policies offer a positive return on investment when pairing a battery with solar photovoltaic without the need for central coordination of decentralized energy storage or provision of auxiliary services with electricity storage in buildings, and the optimum storage size is seen to be important to maximize the profitability of solar photovoltaic battery energy storage systems. On the other hand, Samanta et al. (Samanta et al. 2024) stated that when electric vehicles in homes and charging stations are parked and not charged, all electric vehicles in a local area can be combined to form a decentralized energy storage system, and thus electric vehicle owners can earn money through participation in electricity markets. ...

Vehicle electrification and energy storage systems in modern power grids
  • Citing Chapter
  • August 2024

... However, the voltage curve shows a greater drop in the initial period of the discharge cycle. This can be attributed to the behavior of the battery, indicating less usable capacity at low ambient temperatures [16]. Thus, comparing Fig. 9 with Fig. 5 and Fig. 7, it is observed that the voltage plot provides less discharge capacity at 0°C compared to 25°C and 40°C, respectively. ...

Prevention of Accelerated Battery Capacity Degradation using Voltage-sag Analysis under Sub-zero Fast Discharging Conditions
  • Citing Conference Paper
  • June 2024

... Concurrently, power machinery virtual testing has become indispensable in modern automotive development [3]. When integrated with hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) testing, power machinery virtual testing creates a realistic environment that effectively validates the control algorithms and system integration of electronic control units (ECUs) [4,5]. However, the successful execution of virtual testing requires the precise simulation and acquisition of the diverse signals needed by the ECU [6]. ...

Modeling and HIL Real-Time Simulation of a Series Hybrid Vehicle with Regenerative Breaking for Energy Management Algorithm Testing
  • Citing Conference Paper
  • June 2024

... Modern vehicles especially in EVs CAN communication is dominantly used. Therefore, for practical applications of digital twin technology and cloud computing enabled BMS real time extraction and analysis of raw data coming from an on-board BMS is essential [5]. Few studies in literature reported some tools for BMS data acquisition and visualization however two major research gaps include none of them used an automotive grade BMS and the CAN communication protocol is considered [6], [7]. ...

Universal Data Specification and Real-time Data Streaming Architecture for Cloud-based Battery Management Systems

IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics

... From the EV perspective, h1EVs will be the dominant transportation option in the future. The current research on this topic focuses on on-board charging modules, stationary charging stations, fast-charging stations using high DC power, etc. References [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] address the applications of DABs and resonant DABs for EVs. ...

A Quad-Active Bridge (QAB)-Based Solid-State Transformer for Fast Charging of Light/Medium and Heavy Electric Vehicles
  • Citing Conference Paper
  • March 2024

... Evaluating various coil geometries is crucial for selecting the optimal design, as it influences the inductance, intercapacitance, resonant frequency, coupling coefficient, and overall system performance. Additionally, the geometry affects alignment tolerance and efficiency, ensuring that the final design meets the specific requirements of WPT applications [14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. Numerous studies have investigated various conventional coil geometries. ...

Comprehensive Comparative Analysis of Circular, Rectangular, and Hexagonal Coils for Wireless Charging of E-mobility
  • Citing Conference Paper
  • February 2024

... Moreover, such models are, in general, capable of virtually replicating the dynamic behavior of the battery with higher fidelity, while their application in real-time systems represents a high challenge on the model structure and complexity as well as on the applied hardware. To handle the computational burden of more complex models, big data processing as well as big data storage, distribution of computational and storage resources between BMS, edge device and distributed computing unit, as for example cloud [5][6][7], is envisaged and exploited. Based on our thorough literature search, it appears that the existing published papers lack a comprehensive overview of both model-driven and data-driven battery modeling methods, particularly in terms of covering all aspects of electro-thermal, electro-mechanical and electrochemical-thermal models. ...

Comprehensive Comparative Analysis of Deep-Learning-Based State-of-Charge Estimation Algorithms for Cloud-Based Lithium-Ion Battery Management Systems

IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Industrial Electronics