Sharon R. Guthrie’s research while affiliated with California State University, Long Beach and other places

Researchers have extensively documented gender differences in negotiation perceptions and performance which, in turn, may contribute to the persistence of salary and workplace inequity between women and men. The purpose of this study was to determine if these differences existed among a sample of 228 athletes (women n = 151 and men n = 77) who had competed in sport at high school, competitive club, college, or through professional levels for 15 years. More specifically, gender differences in the propensity to initiate negotiation were investigated in order to determine whether the three factors associated with the Babcock, Gelfand, Small, and Stayn (2006) Propensity to Initiate Negotiation Model (i.e., recognition of opportunity, sense of entitlement, and apprehension) explained and mediated such differences. Propensity to initiate negotiation (PIN) was operationally defined as self-reported responses to a series of hypothetical negotiation scenarios, as well as recent and anticipated future negotiation experiences. Females reported significantly more negotiation apprehension than males; they did not differ, however, in their recognition of opportunities and sense of entitlement associated with negotiation. The implications of these findings are discussed.

Why Separate Is Not Equal in Sports: Playing with the Boys. By McDonaghEileen and PappanoLaura. New York: Oxford University Press. 2007. 349 pp. $28.00 cloth. - Volume 4 Issue 4 - Shirley Castelnuovo, Sharon R. Guthrie

The purpose of this qualitative study was to describe the ways women with physical disabilities shape their identities and manage (i.e., cope or come to terms with) their disabilities while Living in an able-bodyist culture. Particular emphasis was placed on how these women, all of whom were participating in sport or exercise, used physical activity in the management process. In-depth interviews were conducted with 34 women who had physical mobility disabilities. Findings indicated three different approaches to managing disability via physical activity: (a) management by minimizing the significance of the body, (b) management by normalization of the body, and (c) management by optimizing mind-body functioning. They also indicated that having a disability does not preclude positive physical and global self-perceptions. The implications of these findings for sport and society are discussed.

The purpose of this qualitative study was to describe: (a) the relationship between a woman's ability to manage (i.e., cope or come to terms wilh) her disability via regular physical activity and her perceptions of physical and psychological empowerment, and (b) the ways women manage their disabilities, in particular, how they used physical activity in the management process. In-depth interviews were conducted with 37 women who had chronic illness and physical mobility disabilities. Findings suggested a relationship between disability management via physical activity and empowerment (psychological or physical) among the women or this sample. They also indicated three different management approaches: (a) management by minimizing the significance of the body, (b) management by normalization of the body, and (c) management by optimizing mind-body functioning. The implications of these findings for sport and society are discussed.

Examines the extent to which women bodybuilders represent models of resistance or compliance to dominant discourses of feminine body beauty. Ss were 8 elite female bodybuilders (aged 28–36 yrs) living primarily in southern California. Data collection included both in-depth interviews and survey methods. Although findings indicate a degree of compliance, they also suggest that bodybuilding for women has resistant and transformational possibilities. It is concluded that feminist perspectives of embodiment should acknowledge the body/mind disciplinary practices of bodybuilding as one of the potential sources of feminist "care of the self" (M. Foucault, 1988) models. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)