Sharon E. Ashbrook’s research while affiliated with University of St Andrews and other places

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Publications (253)


Comparison of the in situ PXRD results of Zr6-MOF-808 (left column) and Zr6-MOF-801 (right column): Area as a function of time obtained from the PXRD patterns at different temperatures for Zr6-MOF-808 (a) and Zr6-MOF-801 (b); derived B value for the different temperatures for Zr6-MOF-808 (c) and Zr6-MOF-801 (d); particle size distribution after the synthesis for Zr6-MOF-808 (e) and Zr6-MOF-801 (f); corresponding SEM images for the different temperatures for Zr6-MOF-808 (g)–(k) and Zr6-MOF-801 (l)–(o); scale bar: 100 nm.
Sharp–Hancock analysis of the rate of nucleation for Zr6-MOF-808 at 20 °C.
Overview of the in situ methods employed for the two Zr-based MOFs in this study.
Insights to the formation of Zr-based metal–organic frameworks from in situ powder x-ray diffraction
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  • Full-text available

December 2024

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18 Reads

E Eja Petersen

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Russell M Main

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Oxana V Magdysyuk

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Romy Ettlinger

This study sheds light on the kinetics of crystallisation of two Zr-based metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), namely Zr6-MOF-808 and Zr6-MOF-801, using in situ powder x-ray diffraction (PXRD). Once a room temperature synthesis for the two MOFs was designed for the very small scale, a successful series of in situ PXRD experiments over the range of 10 °C–40 °C yielded high quality quantitative information on the kinetics of crystallisation for both MOFs. These findings indicate the importance of the solubility of the linker and its connectivity: while the rate of nucleation and the resulting particle size of the MOF (Zr6-MOF-801), with the less soluble and lower connected linker, was strongly temperature dependent, the growth and particle size of Zr6-MOF-808 was hardly impacted by an increase in temperature. This work highlights the importance of careful preliminary research and helps to improve future MOF synthesis design to efficiently achieve the desired particle size distribution.

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Mechanistic Insights into Cs-Ion Exchange in the Zeolite Chabazite from In Situ Powder X-Ray Diffraction

May 2024

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2 Reads

The Journal of Physical Chemistry C

Zeolites contain extraframework cations that are exchangeable under favorable aqueous conditions; this is the fundamental feature for their application in water purification and necessary to produce cation forms for other applications such as catalysis. Optimization of the process is common, but there is little fundamental understanding based on real-time experiments of the mechanism of exchange for most zeolites. The sodium and potassium forms of zeolite chabazite selectively uptake Cs⁺ by ion exchange, leading to its application in removing radioactive ¹³⁷Cs⁺ from industrial nuclear waste streams, as well as from contaminated environments in the aftermath of the Fukushima and Three Mile Island accidents. In this study, in situ synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction patterns have been collected on chabazite as it undergoes Cs-ion exchange. Applying Rietveld refinement to these patterns has revealed the time-resolved structural changes that occur in the zeolite as exchange progresses, charting the changes in the spatial distribution of the extraframework cations and water molecules in the structure during the reaction. Ultimately, a detailed mechanistic understanding of how this dynamic ion-exchange reaction occurs has been obtained.


Synthesis of the Large Pore Aluminophosphate STA-1 and its Application as a Catalyst for the Beckmann Rearrangement of Cyclohexanone Oxime

May 2024

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66 Reads

Journal of Materials Chemistry A

The preparation of stable large pore aluminophosphate (AlPO) zeotypes offers materials for applications in adsorption and catalysis. Here we report the synthesis of the pure AlPO with the SAO topology...



Citations (65)


... Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is widely used to probe the local atomic structure of materials and molecules 1 , making it suitable to study static [2][3][4] and dynamic [5][6][7] properties of chemical systems. Several interactions affecting nuclear spins are orientation-dependent, but they are usually averaged due to rapid tumbling, e.g., in liquid-state NMR on molecules. ...

Reference:

Graph-neural-network predictions of solid-state NMR parameters from spherical tensor decomposition
Site-Directed Cation Ordering in Chabazite-Type AlxGa1–xPO4-34 Frameworks Revealed by NMR Crystallography

... [38][39][40] More challengingly, most of the known SO 2adsorbing MOFs are hydrophilic in nature, as the preferable adsorption sites for SO 2 , including open metal sites (OMSs) and Lewis basic sites, also exhibit a high affinity for water. In view of the low concentration of SO 2 in flue gas, a significant adsorption of H 2 O lowering the SO 2 uptake would severely reduce the requisite high adsorption selectivity of SO 2 over other gas components (mostly N 2 , CO 2 , and O 2 ), as exemplified by MOF-74 series [41,42] and KAUST-7. [43] Conversely, although hydrophobic MOFs could intrinsically avoid the negative impacts of water vapor, they might suffer from poor SO 2 capture capacity and leave a large amount of water in flue gas, which will continue to be detrimental to adsorbents for CO 2 scrubbing (e.g., CALF-20) and corrosive to pipeline systems for transport. ...

In Situ Single-crystal X-ray Diffraction Studies of Physisorption and Chemisorption of SO2 within a Metal-Organic Framework and Its Competitive Adsorption with Water
  • Citing Article
  • January 2024

Journal of the American Chemical Society

... In Ca-doped Na 3 PS 4 , a higher energy barrier but faster Na + kinetics are required for localized Na + jumps. 18 In this study, (100−x)Na 3 PS 4 −xCa 3 N 2 glass SEs (0 ≤ x ≤ 10) were successfully synthesized using highenergy planetary ball-milling method. The glass SE was heat-treated at 280 • C for 1 h in an argon atmosphere to obtain glass-ceramic SE. ...

Length-Scale-Dependent Ion Dynamics in Ca-Doped Na 3 PS 4
  • Citing Article
  • January 2024

Chemistry of Materials

... This process contributes to the creation of a sustainable and renewable energy market, yielding economic benefits and supporting decarbonization efforts [56,57]. Davidson et al. [58] developed an lignin isolation method with organosolv that delivered important practical improvements, and mentioned that, for CPH biomass, novel protocol was very useful. ...

Organosolv Pretreatment of Cocoa Pod Husks: Isolation, Analysis, and Use of Lignin from an Abundant Waste Product
  • Citing Article
  • September 2023

ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering

... This would seem to prohibit a dissolution and recrystallisation mechanism and suggests that metathesis (at least in these examples) occurs by localised bond-breaking/regeneration mechanisms that maintain the lattice architecture. While typically affected in solvent under mild conditions, linker exchange has been demonstrated in the vapour phase [138] and recently, quantitative and reversible exchange of µ 2 -OH for in-situ generated methoxide at a Sc III MOF node was observed under ultra high pressure (4.98 GPa) [139]. We do not intend to provide a comprehensive review of ion and ligand metathesis here but rather to provide commentary on these processes from the perspective of dynamic bonding. ...

Pressure-Induced Postsynthetic Cluster Anion Substitution in a MIL-53 Topology Scandium Metal-Organic Framework

... As such, given a kinetically allowed pathway, rearrangement of Al and Ga at the elevated temperature of calcination could lead to a more random distribution of cations than observed in the as-made materials. However, we note that the mechanism(s) exploited by Ashbrook and co-workers [36][37][38][39] involve the presence of H 2 O, which would be chemically unlikely under our hightemperature calcination conditions. ...

Understanding the Synthesis and Reactivity of ADORable Zeolites using NMR Spectroscopy
  • Citing Article
  • September 2022

Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science

... [26][27][28][29][30] Recent papers also report investigations of spincrossover systems and particularly their applications. [31][32][33][34][35][36] Adjacent to the topic, related spin equilibrium systems have been studied computationally using DFT and Boltzmann statistics by Ke et al. 37,38 with the high-spin and low-spin configurations arising from two distinct paramagnetic centers. In this work, we examine the significance of the spin-crossover effect in predicting the pNMR chemical shifts in an isolated Tp 2 Fe(II) molecule, and how different computational fitting methods for handling its equilibrium state succeed in reproducing the experimental results. ...

Origin of the temperature dependence of 13 C pNMR shifts for copper paddlewheel MOFs

... They belong to a B−O−B bond, proving successful introduction of some O elements. 31 In the meanwhile, the broad and weak peak at a wavenumber of 3400 cm −1 in the spectrum of commercial h-BN is the absorption of a −OH vibration, which may be caused by surface adhesion of water in the air. 32 However, the absence of peaks at the same position in prepared h-BN powders not only indicates complete removal of surface adsorption after high-temperature synthesis but also clarifies that the edges of the nanosheet are free of −OH functionalization, which is another indistinguishable and undesirable O doping form. ...

Formation Mechanism and Porosity Development in Porous Boron Nitride
  • Citing Article
  • December 2021

The Journal of Physical Chemistry C

... However, 17 O has a low natural abundance of 0.037% and is a spin-5/2 quadrupolar nucleus, which results in poor NMR sensitivity and necessitates isotopic enrichment. 17 O labeling of zeolitic materials has seen renewed interest recently with the introduction of several isotopic enrichment strategies [67][68][69][70] . Morris, Ashbrook, and co-workers recently showed that a uniform 17 O enrichment of zeolitic frameworks could be achieved by mixing dehydrated zeolites with H 2 17 O at room temperature for a few days 69,71 . ...

17O NMR Spectroscopy of Crystalline Microporous Materials