August 2024
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4 Reads
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August 2024
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4 Reads
July 2024
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9 Reads
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April 2024
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17 Reads
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1 Citation
Global Discourse
August 2023
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24 Reads
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3 Citations
June 2023
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188 Reads
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3 Citations
June 2023
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39 Reads
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16 Citations
March 2023
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35 Reads
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11 Citations
Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers
We are witnessing a proliferation of new critical scholarship on the manifold forms of extractivism. Yet, there are risks associated with extraction being rendered a broad metaphor for innumerable forms of removal and value‐making through exploitation and misappropriation. Theorising within decolonial Black feminisms, we respond to the metaphorization of extraction by (re)asserting the need for persistent analysis on the material and embodied effects and consequences of extractivisms. That is, the specific processes, logics, ideologies, and relations of extractivism recast lands, labours, ecosystems, and bodies, and particularly the bodies of women of colour. This helps to ensure the concept does not become figuratively empty and abstracted in politically and analytically debilitating ways. Drawing on more than a decade of research with three communities entangled within and targeted through extractivism along the Chad–Cameroon Oil Pipeline and the extractive‐tourist coastline of Panama, we mobilise a conception of 'extractive logics' to refer to the unnamed, unquestioned, often contradictory, foundational epistemic frameworks that permit the seemingly‐permanent structures and relations of removal, destruction, and dehumanization. We analyse documents from the Chad–Cameroon oil consortium, which projected and then calculated the economic ‘costs’ of the pipeline's triggering of an increase in rates of HIV/AIDS in adjacent towns and cities, alongside the entanglement of capitalist extraction with the medical neglect of Black labourers in Panama. Doing so demystefies the ways that racial and gendered violence are sanctioned (and even premeditated) within extractive logics. We hope that this work challenges some of the methodological nationalism so common within extractive scholarship, and brings extractive processes across disparate South–South and black geographies into conversation, activating a cross‐fertilisation of research across otherwise distinct geographies and geographical refrains. We reflect on the imperatives for and (im)possibilities of decolonial research against extractivism.
January 2023
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49 Reads
Foreign land control and Afro-Panamanian women domestics are mutually constituted and embedded in tourism development in Panama. In this article, I center the racial and patriarchal logics of dispossession informing land control, a process that connects twenty-first-century residential tourism development to twentieth-century U.S. imperial formations in the making of the Panama Canal. My approach blends ethnographic research with historical data collection, newspapers, and development-related policy documents drawn across a variety of research sites in Panama, Spain, and North America. To begin, I briefly trace the contemporary context of tourism-induced land dispossession and the growing tenure insecurities for Afro-Panamanian communities living on the shores of the Panamanian Caribbean. Here I show how residential tourism development reproduces settler colonial landscapes. Further, I place in conversation the concepts of postcolonial intersectionality and cuerpo-territorio (Cabnal 2015 Cabnal, L. 2015. De las opresiones a las emancipaciones: Mujeres indígenas en defensa del territorio cuerpo-tierra [From Oppression to emancipation: Indigenous women in defense of body-land-territory]. Revista Pueblos, February 6. Accessed December 16, 2021. http://www.revistapueblos.org/blog/2015/02/06/de-las-opresiones-a-las-emancipaciones-mujeres-indigenas-en-defensa-del-territorio-cuerpo-tierra/. [Google Scholar]) to illustrate how land control and domestic service are interconnected, punctuating how land is not the only site of colonial governance. I then historicize tourism in Panama through tracing the discursive narratives of imperial formations in the early period of U.S. empire and the construction of the Panama Canal. I trace elite travel narratives, newspapers, and memoirs to link the racialized labor regimes of the Canal to the domestic spaces of the Canal Zone. Finally, I argue that foreign land acquisitions and domestic service are inextricably entangled in tourism development across time and space in Panama.
September 2022
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24 Reads
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6 Citations
Geographica Helvetica
On the Panamanian Caribbean coast and the Bocas del Toro Archipelago, foreign direct investment via residential tourism development drives land displacement. As land insecurities grow, particularly for local Indigenous and Afro-Panamanian peoples, ongoing dispossession is not simply about land, but rather simultaneously about land, people and their bodies. In Bocas, foreign land enclosures are infused with imaginaries, which take for granted Black female servitude and Black landlessness. Such imaginaries seemingly lock economically “poor” Afro-Panamanian women into particular kinds of work. To illustrate, I entangle feminist political ecological assertions that struggles over nature are embodied struggles, with intersectional and relational understandings of land and body. To do so, I draw insights from postcolonial, decolonial and Black feminist critiques of coloniality and settler colonialism. Building from this literature, I seek to show how a logic of elimination operates within the legal geographies of residential tourism development. In doing so, I highlight the historical and contemporary ways in which Afro-Panamanian women are naturalized as criadas (maids), a process that accompanies land enclosure. Blending ethnographic and historical data collection, I seek to illuminate how Afro-Panamanian women's livelihood struggles reflect both their acquiescence to residential tourism development, and their resilience in the face of Bocas' anti-black patriarchal coloniality. Thus, I argue that Afro-Panamanian women's desires for inclusion and belonging in Bocas' tourism enclave – a project that seeks to eliminate Indigenous and Black relations to coastal lands and foster their embodied subjection to foreign nationals – simultaneously reflects their struggles for the right to remain on the coast.
December 2020
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158 Reads
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57 Citations
Antipode
Drawing inspiration from popular efforts to connect a wide array of political struggles, this symposium examines the ways that racial‐colonial politics unfold through nature and environmental practices linking past, present, and future across the United States and Canada. By way of introduction, we ask: What does it mean to do political ecologies of race in Canada and the United States? For us the response cannot be additive—merely grafting attention to racial/colonial politics onto established scholarly conventions. Instead, we aim for a deeper analysis that challenges and enlivens the field of political ecology. This introduction highlights what is at stake, and identifies the ways that the contributors' research pushes the field. Ultimately, we argue that political ecologies of race can help reinvigorate intellectual projects and build liveable futures by recognising and supporting the connections between ongoing struggles. We hope this symposium contributes to the task.
... Zaragocin et al (2024) navigate the difficult terrain of underscoring the material and embodied impacts of the marginalisation and wilful neglect of racialised territories like Esmeraldas while trying to avoid reproducing narratives centred on 'lack' and victimhood. Mollett's (2024) commentary introduces further nuance into this discussion and foregrounds the tensions around positionality, race and knowledge production that are inescapable in research of this type. ...
April 2024
Global Discourse
... Using the praxis of 'unsettling' disciplinary thought (building on Meehan et al. 2023), this paper examines how relational geographies are unsettled by Indigenous ontologies, particularly in acknowledging the agency of place, that everything cannot become knowable, and the inseparability of epistemologies from ontologies. Relationality works best when it is generated through what Barker and I have conceptualised as 'doings together in place' (Barker & Pickerill 2020) -engaged, careful, empirical research through practices and lived experiences that unsettle assumptions about what it is possible to know, and instead builds relations through 'doings'. ...
August 2023
... In the context of the global food shortage and climate crises, these narratives have been crucial in justifying LSLAs (Neef, Ngin, Moreda & Mollett, 2023). Kish and Fairbairn (2018: 576) document a fund manager's rationale for agricultural investments in terms of the global food crisis, indicating the pivotal role such crises play in shaping legitimizing narratives: ...
June 2023
... The convergence and interaction of multiple processes such as global food security concerns, energy and financial crises, urbanization, increased global demand for commodities, climate change mitigation imperatives, etc., have resulted in land and landed resources regaining prominence as critical resources in the 21st century (Borras and Franco 2012). As a result, different scales of land and resource grabbing, taking place in various ways and involving a variety of actors, have surged across much of the global South but also in many countries in the global North (Neef et al. 2023). While land enclosures and grabs are not necessarily new, " [w]hat is new in the land grabs today are the new mechanisms of land control, their justifications and alliances for 'taking back' the land, as well as the political economic context of neoliberalism that dominates this particular stage of the capitalist world system" (Peluso and Lund 2011: p. 672). ...
June 2023
... Similarly, there has been a call for expanding the concept of extractivism beyond its historical and geographical specificity. The expansion of extractivism beyond its traditional application to the literal extraction of natural resources and the associated processes of dispossession triggered an urgency to differentiate between extraction, extractivism, neo-extractivism, and extractive logic to avoid its "methaphorical and "conceptual creep" (Szeman and Wenzel 2021;Murrey and Mollett 2023). The proliferation of the use of extractivism necessitates the disentanglement of the relationship between extractivism, exploitation, generation of value, and capitalism so that we can retain its analytical precision (Chagnon et al. 2022). ...
March 2023
Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers
... The foundations of FPE challenge neoliberal, Western approaches to gender's roles in environmental issues, practices, and conflicts in the Global South (Nightingale, 2006;Rocheleau et al., 1996;Sultana, 2011). More recently, this work has shifted to incorporate analyses of postcolonial and intersectional forces that impact, for example, land use, access to and distribution of natural resources, and decision-making (Harcourt, 2017;Mollett, 2022;Nightingale, 2011). Mollett and Faria (2013) expand on narratives of FPE to include race, racialisation, and racism in livelihood and other analyses of gender and the environment. ...
September 2022
Geographica Helvetica
... The construct of race and the justification of colonial conquests have contributed to the structural nature of race which unfolds daily injustices for people of color, most specifically black people (Van Sant, Milligan, & Mollett, 2021). Racism is a vast network that structures our institutions and relationships and can adapt to social-cultural changes by altering its expressions (Vaught & Castagno, 2008). ...
December 2020
Antipode
... power structures and their associated disruptions to relations among land, bodies, and living worlds (Mollett, 2021;Ojeda et al., 2022). According to Ballestrin (2022, p. 109), this "heterogeneous set of perspectives reclaims the importance of context, draws attention to the power relations at work in the production of knowledge, and states the importance of the autonomy of thought." ...
December 2020
Antipode
... Unfortunately, this perverse narrative is perpetuated by likeminded settler colonial scholars from the U.S. who continue to blame marginalized people for biodiversity decline, although their arguments have been consistently and substantially refuted (Green et al. 2022, Hughes et al. 2023. Therefore, these colonial conservation ideologies are not simply historic artifacts, but remain as guideposts for ongoing violations to lands, waters, and human rights on a global scale (Connelly 2008, Oberhauser et al. 2018, Ojeda et al. 2020. ...
September 2017
... The NGA's public relations magazine, Pathfinder, recently featured a cover story on the role of "human geography" within geospatial intelligence (Ghannam 2012). The article's title -"Right Place/Right Time: Human Geography tells 'when' and 'where' to put boots on the ground" -was accompanied by a photograph of a combat-ready US soldier appearing to assist young girl in a landscape reminiscent of Iraq or Afghanistan (Finn 2014a). This post-9/11 re-militarization of geography led Heymon (2006: 105) to quip that perhaps "we may find ourselves looking back a quarter century from now…celebrating September 11 as the best thing that happened to geography since the birth of Strabo." ...
Reference:
Critical Geographies in Latin America
November 2014
Human Geography