Sh Lorzadeh’s research while affiliated with Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar Branch and other places

In order to study the plant growth regulator, using salicylic acid (SA) on germination and growth indices for laboratory research in crop year 2014-2015, which was conducted at the research center Safiabad-Dezful, Khuzestan province. The treatments included four levels of priming with salicylic acid {control (distilled water), 0.7, 1.2, 1.7 mM} in a completely randomized design in three replications. The results showed that the control treatment reduced the decrease in germination time. The highest percentage of germination and related characteristics of the control (distilled water) was obtained. Seed vigor and seedling vigor index were reduced in high concentrations of salicylic acid. The germination percentage of an average daily germination, seed vigor and seedling vigor index had a positive and significant correlation with the daily germination rate showed a significant negative correlation. The results of comparison of treatments showed that the treatment concentration of 0.7 mM salicylic acid highest (22.3 days) and control (distilled water) lowest (0.3 day) had mean germination time. Effects of priming showed the highest mean daily germination (15.44) related to the control and the lowest (2.97) related to the concentration of 7.1 mM salicylic acid. Also, the results showed that the 1.7 mM salicylic acid treatment had the highest number of germinated seeds per day (0.3880) and control treatment had the least number of germinated seeds per day (0.6467). The highest vigor index was observed in control treatment with seedling length of (8.15 cm) and the lowest vigor index was observed in 1.7 mM salicylic acid treatment with seedling length of (1.54 cm). The highest seedling vigor index was observed in control treatment (33.58) and the lowest seedling vigor index was observed in 1.7 mM salicylic acid treatment (17.20). The coefficient velocity germination rate in control treatment was highest (3) and in the 1.7 mM salicylic acid treatment was lowest (0.15). The correlation coefficient between vigor index and seedling vigor index has the highest value (98%). There was a positive correlation between germination percentage and mean daily germination and there was a negative correlation between germination percentage and daily germination speed.

This study was carried out in Khuzestan province in Iran and aim of investigation was energy analysis (input-output) of maize production systems in Izeh County of Iran. Data were collected from 30 maize farms by using a face to face questionnaire method in 2011. The results revealed that in maize production systems total energy input was 34.640 MJ.ha-1. The highest share of energy consumed was recorded for N fertilizer (20.80%) which is a nonrenewable resource. Output energy was 102.973 MJ.ha-1. Accordingly, energy use efficiency (output-input ratio) was 2.97, energy productivity calculated as 0.20 kg.MJ-1 and net energy was observed as 68.333 MJ.Kg-1. Also, agrochemical energy ratio was 48.97% which is high ratio of input energy in this agro ecosystems.

2012. Delo je prispelo 04. marca 2012, sprejeto 03. julij 2012. ABSTRACT This study was carried out in Khuzestan province in Iran and aim of investigation was energy analysis (input-output) of maize production systems in Izeh County of Iran. Data were collected from 30 maize farms by using a face to face questionnaire method in 2011. The results revealed that in maize production systems total energy input was 34.640 MJ.ha -1 . The highest share of energy consumed was recorded for N fertilizer (20.80%) which is a nonrenewable resource. Output energy was 102.973 MJ.ha -1 . Accordingly, energy use efficiency (output-input ratio) was 2.97, energy productivity calculated as 0.20 kg.MJ -1 and net energy was observed as 68.333 MJ.Kg -1 . Also, agrochemical energy ratio was 48.97% which is high ratio of input energy in this agro ecosystems. IZVLEČEK RAZISKAVA ENERGETSKE UČINKOVITOSTI PRIDELAVE KORUZE V IZEHU, IRAN Raziskava energetske učinkovitosti pridelave koruze je bila opravljena v provinci Khuzestan, okrožja Izeh v Iranu. Podatki za raziskavo so bili pridobljeni z ustnim anketiranjem 30 pridelovalcev koruze v letu 2011. Rezultati so pokazali, da je bil celokupen vnos energije v ta pridelovalni sistem 34,640 MJ.ha -1 . Največji delež porabljene energije odpade na dušikova gnojila (20,80 %), kar predstavlja neobnovljivi vir. Izplen energije je znašal 102, 973 MJ.ha -1 . Učinkovitost izrabe energije (vnos/iznos) je bila 2,97, izračunana energetska produktivnost je bila 0,20 kg.MJ -1 , neto energija pridelka je znašala 68,333 MJ.Kg -1 . Agrokemijsko energijsko razmerje je bilo 48,97 %, kar predstavlja dokaj velik vnos energije v tem agro-ekosistemu. Ključne besede: izkoristek energije, energetska učinkovitost, koruza, agrokemikalije SH. LORZADEH et al.

SH.Lorzadeh; Investigation efficiency of Krismat (75WG) herbicide on Purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) in Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) Var CP69-1062 fields of Khuzestan, Iran ABSTRACT In order to investigate the efficacy of Krismat (Trifloxysulforun sodium+Ametryn) herbicide on purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) in sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) fields in Khuzestan province,Iran, Afield study was conducted during 2008-2009.The experiment was conducted in aRandomized Complete Block Design in 7 treatments with 4 replications. Trifloxysulforun sodium+Ametryn were applied to sugarcane variety of CP69-1062 at 2 and 2.5Kg.ha -1 of commercial formulation with a non ionic surfactant (Cytowet). Also other treatments included: 2,4D at 2.5 Lit .ha -1 +Cytowet, Glyphosate at 2.5Lit.ha -1 +Cytowet, Combination of 2,4D at 1.25 Lit.ha -1 +Ametryn at 1.25 Kg.ha -1 +Cytowet, Combination of 2,4D at1.25 Kg.ha -1 +Metribuzin at 1.25 Kg.ha -1 +Cytowet and control (untreated) was added to treatments.The total herbicide treatments at Post-emergence were applied. In during of growing season the different traits such as: purple nutsedge density at before and after herbicide application, purple nutsedge dry matter weight and in sugarcane the traits such as: plant height,middle internode ienght and diameter, stem density and stem weight were measured. The results showed that weed density and weed dry matter weight were decreased by Krismat herbicide application at 2Kg.ha-1 but this herbicide had no significant effect on traits such as: height, middle internode diameter,and stem density in sugarcane.

The critical period for weed control (CPWC) is the period in the crop growth cycle during which weeds must be controlled to prevent unacceptable yield losses. Field study was conducted in 2008 in the University of Shushtar at the north Khuzestan province in Iran to determine CPWC of corn using a randomized complete block design with 12 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments consisted of two different periods of weed interference, a critical weed-free period and a critical time of weed removal, were imposed at 3leaf stage, 6leaf stage, 9leaf stage, 12 leaf stage, and R1 (based on phonological stages of corn development) with a weedy check and a weed-free check. The CPWC was determined with the use of 5% and 10% acceptable yield loss levels by non-linear Regression method and fitting Logistic and Gompertz nonlinear equations to relative yield data. The CPWC of corn was from 5-to 9-leaf stage (17-36 DAP) to prevent yield losses of 5%. This period to prevent yield losses of 10% was 6-to 8-leaf stage (21-29 DAP).

Towards sustainable agriculture to select effective methods of weed management with as regards environmental sustainability as well as increased crop yield and also weed resistance to conventional herbicides is essential. In order to, an experiment was conducted in 2010 in the north of Khuzestan in Iran. Experiment treatments were compared in a split plot design by a randomized completely block design with 4 replication. The used variety of maize was S.C. 704. Main factors included 3 levels of cultivation, once, twice and without cultivation. Sub factors were weed control by application of indicated herbicide in 4 levels: Nicosulfuron, Foramsulfuron, Atrazin + Alachlor and No control. The results the highest of weed control and with followed the highest yield by ranged 15.47 ton per hectare related to Nicosulfuron + once cultivation treatment and lowest yield by ranged 10.56 ton per hectare related to Atrazin+ Alachlor +once cultivation treatment. There were between treatments in crop traits on maize phenological stages in the level of probability 1% significant difference and alone the number of leaf in plant in the level of probability 5% significant difference was seen. And also there were difference between treatments in yield and particular yield during the whole growing season the kind of index harvest in the level of probability 1% and all in the level of 5% significant.

Use of efficient methods of weed control with as regards environmental sustainability as well as increased crop yield and also weed resistance to herbicides is essential. In order to, an experiment was conducted in 2010 in the north of Khuzestan in Iran. Experiment treatments were compared in a split plot design by a randomized completely block design with 4 replication. The used variety of maize was S.C. 704. Main factors included 3 levels of cultivation, once, twice and without cultivation. Sub factors were weed control by application of indicated herbicide in 4 levels: Nicosulfuron, Foramsulfuron, Atrazin + Lasso and no control. The results the highest of weed control and with followed the highest yield by ranged 15.47 ton per hectare related to Nicosulfuron + once cultivation treatment and lowest yield by ranged 10.56 ton per hectare related to Atrazin+Lasso+once cultivation treatment. There were between treatments in crop traits in the level of probability 1% significant difference and alone the number of leaf in plant in the level of probability 5% significant difference was seen. And also there were difference between treatments in yield and yield components during the whole growing season the kind of index harvest in the level of probability 1% and all in the level of 5% significant.