Seyit Aydin’s research while affiliated with Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University and other places

The present study aims to comparatively examine the physical quality parameters of water samples taken from Karabel, Çaltı, and Tohma brooks in Sivas province and the blood biochemical parameters of blood samples of Barbus plebejus fish obtained from these waters. In periods when chemical pollution in water increased and decreased, it was determined that GLU and UA among blood biochemical parameters were significantly affected. Moreover, the potential risk levels of lead (Pb), copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), and ferrous (Fe) for human health were compared to the international standards. Metal (Fe, Pb, Cu, and Cd) concentrations in the water were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The highest HQingestion values of Cd were found in Brook Çaltı, which were 0.0018 for adults and 0.1980 for children. THQ upper limit set by the United States Environment Protection Agency (USEPA) is < 1. It was determined that HQingestion, HQdermal, and THQ values of all the heavy metals were much lower than this limit. It was concluded that water quality parameters of samples taken from Karabel, Çaltı, and Tohma brooks on monthly basis for 12 months were not higher than the limits and the water qualities of brooks were determined to be “good”.

Effects of zeolite have been described on the biochemical parameters of blood of Cyprinus carpio exposed to copper sulphate. The control fish showed 57.67% increase in body weight over a period of 90 days. This increase was 26.45% after exposure to copper sulphate (2mg/L) and 32.01% after Zeolite treatment (60 mg/L). When Zeolite was administered along with copper sulfate the fish showed 46.24% increase in body weight. Blood sampling were made for the determination of hematological values (glucose (GLU), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), globulin (GLB), creatinine (CR), total bilirubin (TBIL), uric acid (UA), and direct bilirubin (DBIL)) at 30, 60, 90 days. Fish weight increased 26.45%, 46.29%, 32.01% and 57.67% respectively in groups and differences between groups were significant (p<l0.05). GLU, BUN, TP, ALB, GLB, CR, TBIL and UA values differed significantly among the groups (P<0.05). There were significant differences GLU, BUN, TP, ALB, GLB, CR, TBIL and UA values among the groups (P<0.05). TP value decreased, but GL, TBIL, UA and DBIL values of CuSO4 group increased significantly compared to control group (p<0.05). Therefore, it was suggested to use of clinoptilolite in rearing waters when there is a problem related to metals.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of copper sulfate (CuSO4.(5 H2O)) on the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Median (LC50) and minimum (LC1O) lethal concentrations of copper sulfate on Nile tilapia were determined via acute tests. LC50 values of copper sulfate for the 48th, 72nd and 96th hours were 13.15, 12.95 and 12.85 mg/L, respectively. LC10 values of 12, 11 and 9.5 mg/L were obtained for similar exposure periods (48th, 72nd and 96th hours), respectively. The effects of 1.5 mg/L dose of copper sulfate on growth rate, gross clinical observations and blood biochemical parameters of Nile tilapia were evaluated after 35, 65 and 95 days of exposure periods. The differences of growth rates between control and copper sulfate-exposed groups were not significant (P>0.05) at the end of 35, 65 and 95 days. Continuous exposure of Nile tilapia to 1.5 mg/L concentration of copper sulfate in water solution for three periods (35, 65 and 95 days) decreased the total protein, albumin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), glucose (except the elevation in the exposed group at the end of 95 days period), magnesium (Mg+²), calcium (Ca+²), iron (Fe+²), potassium (K+), sodium (Na+1), chloride (CI-) and phosphate values in serum. The cholesterol, low density lipid (LDL), triglyceride, globulin, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, uric acid and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentrations in the serum increased in copper sulfate-exposed fish. © Published by Central Fisheries Research Institute (CFRI) Trabzon, Turkey.

Effects of different herbal extracts on the growth and immune defense of fish were researched in the last decade. The aim of this study was to determine the dietary effects of thyme (Thymus vulgaris), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) and fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum) as a feed additive on haematology, innate immune response, and disease resistance of tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus). In total 228 healthy fish tilapia were divided into four groups (57 fish in one group) and fed diets supplemented with thyme, rosemary and fenugreek at levels of 1%, respectively; fish in the control group were fed diet without any spices. Fish were fed ad libitum three times a day for 45 days. All fish of the experimental groups significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced phagocytic activity, haematocrit, white blood cell, red blood cell, neutrophil and monocyte counts in blood. Significant (P < 0.05) increase of plasma myeloperoxidase and lysozyme activity was found in fish receiving a feed supplemented with fenugreek after 30 days. Respiratory burst activity was non-significantly (P > 0.05) changed during the whole experiment. After 45 days of feeding, fish were injected intraperitoneally with 100 μl of Streptococcus iniae (8 × 108 colony forming unit). The cumulative mortality was 22%, 27% and 31% in fish receiving diets supplemented with 1% thyme, rosemary and fenugreek, respectively, compared to 61% mortality in the control group. The results indicate that all three supplements used improved the haematological status, non-specific immune response and disease resistance of tilapia against S. iniae; this is the first similar study.

A 8 weeks growth trial was conducted to determine the effects of dietary protein on the growth of the convict cichlid Amatitlania nigrofasciata and on water quality in closed recirculating systems. Four test diets were formulated to contain protein levels ranging 30-45%. The fish averaging 0.47±0.07 g were reared in 10 L aquarium. Fish were fed ad libitum at 08:30, 12:30 and 16:30 for 8 weeks. A second-order polynomial regression between dietary protein levels and weight gain in each group, demonstrated that the most suitable protein level for maximum growth was determined to be 40.8%. The feed conversion ratios of fish ranged from 1.78-2.78 in the experimental groups. Results showed significant differences in SGR and WG. Dietary protein level significantly influenced ammonia excretion, fish fed 45% protein excreted higher concentrations of ammonia-nitrogen than fish fed 30-40% dietary protein. For optimum growth, feed conversion and ammonia excretion, a diet containing 40.8% protein, 12% lipid and 20.8 kJ gross energy/kg diet is recommended for juvenile convict cichlids, A. nigrofasciata.

A 90-days growth trial was conducted to determine the effects of prebiotic mannanoligosaccharides (MOS) on the histology and biochemical blood parameters of the gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). Two experimental diets were formulated to contain MOS (Bio-Mos ®) levels ranging 0 and 2 g kg -1 . The fish averaging 172.11±13.19 g were reared in six octagonal net cages (763 m 3). Fish were fed twice daily to apparent satiation. Individual body weight, weight gain, survival rate and FCR were measured during the experiment. There were significant effects of diet on the differences between the groups in body weights and weight gain (P<0.05) but an insignificant effect on the survival rates and FCR (P>0.05). At the end of the experimental period, biochemical blood parameters were analyzed. Blood urea level was significantly affected in the MOS group (P<0.05). No remarkable alterations in histological examinations were found. This study highlighted the positive effects of prebiotic MOS on protein efficiency and weight gain of gilthead seabream. Introduction With biotechnology, in all areas as well as a lot of progress has been achieved in animal husbandry. In 80's, oligosaccharides such as fructo-, galacto-, glycol-, malto-and mannanoligosaccharide (MOS) began attracted the attention of researchers. In the 90's, oligosaccharides were tested on some animal species. MOS were very effective additive for immune system and gastrointestinal microflora on animal diets

Effects of different herbal extracts on the growth and immune defense of fish were researched in the last decade. The aim of this study was to determine the dietary effects of thyme (Thymus vulgaris), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) and fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum) as a feed additive on haematology, innate immune response, and disease resistance of tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus). In total 228 healthy fish tilapia were divided into four groups (57 fish in one group) and fed diet supplemented with thyme, rosemary and fenugreek at levels of 1%, respectively; fish in control group was fed diet without any spices. Fish were fed ad libitum three times a day for 45 days. All fish of the experimental groups significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced phagocytic activity, haematocrit, white blood cell, red blood cell, neutrophil and monocyte counts in blood. Significant (P < 0.05) increase of serum myeloperoxidase and lysozyme activity was found in fish receiving a feed supplemented with fenugreek after 30 days. Respiratory burst activity was non-significantly (P > 0.05) changed during the whole experiment. After 45 days of feeding, fish were injected intraperitoneally with 100 μl of Streptococcus iniae (8 × 108 colony forming unit). The cumulative mortality was 22%, 27% and 31% in fish receiving diet supplemented with 1% thyme, rosemary and fenugreek, respectively, compared to 61% mortality in the control group. The results indicate that all three supplements used improved the haematological status, nonspecific immune response and disease resistance of tilapia against S. iniae; this is the first similar study.

A feeding trial was performed to assess the potential beneficial effect of two levels of mannanoligosaccarides (MOS) on the growth performance, feed utilization, hematological parameters, and liver histopathology of gilthead seabream Sparus auratus (also known as gilthead bream). Mannanoligosaccarides were added at the rates of 2 and 4 g/kg to a fish‐meal‐based control diet, and each diet was given (twice daily [midmorning and midafternoon] to apparent satiation) to triplicate groups of gilthead seabream growers (mean weight = approximately 170 g) in sea cages. The trial lasted 12 weeks, and the average ambient water temperature ranged from 19.6°C to 24.7°C during the experimental period. At the end of the experiment, fish attained market size (350–450 g) and their health status was evaluated by blood analysis and liver histology. There were no differences in survival rates among fish fed experimental diets. However, there were significant improvements in both growth and feed utilization among fish fed diets supplemented with MOS. Hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Ht) levels and erythrocyte, leukocyte, and thrombocyte (Thr) counts were unaffected by any dietary MOS. The levels of Hb (g/dL; mean ± SD) and Ht (%; mean ± SD) were 11.0 ± 2.5 and 45.6 ± 6.7 for the control group, 11.1 ± 1.7 and 39.3 ± 8.0 for the 2‐g/kg group, and 11.2 ± 1.9 and 40.2 ± 8.4 for the 4‐g/kg group. The mean Thr count ranged from 47.6 to 53.8 × 10 ³ /mm ³ . Despite the apparently higher Thr counts for fish fed diets supplemented with MOS, these differences were not significant. Moreover, no histopathological differences were observed in liver tissue cross sections between control and treatment groups. These results suggest that supplementation of diets with MOS had no significant effects on general fish health. Received February 20, 2011; accepted September 12, 2011

Arcobacter cryaerophilus was isolated from naturally infected rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum), and its pathogenicity was tested by intramuscular injection using healthy 1-year-old rainbow trout under cold-water conditions (at 5 degrees C). The lethal dosage of 50% end point (LD 50 ) for A. cryaerophilus was calculated as 7.79 x 10 5 viable cells. Experimental infection caused gross clinical abnormalities such as fallen scales, exophthalmia, oedema in injection region and at the base of fins, pale gills, kidney necrosis, hyperaemic areas in pale liver, haemorrhagic spots in heart, elongated spleen and swollen gallbladder. Activities of aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase, and concentrations of glucose, total protein, albumin, cholesterol, triglyceride and calcium in the serum of the experimentally infected rainbow trout were significantly decreased compared with the healthy fish. Positive correlations were observed among blood parameters. Total lipid weights increased in the brain, muscle and liver tissues of infected fish and dropped in the gill and spleen tissues. Lipid peroxide contents in the brain, liver, kidney, spleen, muscle and gill tissues of infected rainbow trout were significantly higher than in healthy animals. The present work shows that A. cryaerophilus can be moderately virulent for rainbow trout at low water temperature, and changes in lipid and lipid peroxide contents of tissues and blood indices can highlight barely detectable effects of A. cryaerophilus infection in rainbow trout under laboratory conditions. However, the application of these indices in farm biomonitoring using rainbow trout will need more detailed studies and a careful consideration of the environmental parameters.