Serafim Camalhão’s research while affiliated with Iscte – University Institute of Lisbon and other places

A formação lecionada pelas universidades têm por destino formar profissionais que respondam às necessidades da sociedade que integram. Um dos problemas antigos das universidades está em centrarem-se mais para as suas necessidades fechando-se sobre si próprias. Há um distanciamento entre o mundo académico e mundo do trabalho. Quando se termina uma licenciatura, mestrado ou doutoramento, o aluno questiona a utilidade de conteúdos e competências adquiridas na universidade. Esta problemática levou a centrar a atenção e objetivo em mostrar a utilidade de ter conhecimentos e competências nas metodologia, métodos e técnicas qualitativas no mundo do trabalho. Em termos metodológicos este artigo é uma autoetnografia colaborativa composta por dois investigadores: uma professora de Educação Especial que narra o seu trabalho ao longo da carreira; e um outro investigador que no discurso da docente que procura referências a técnicas, métodos e metodologias qualitativas. É uma pesquisa descritiva, narrativa e reflexiva que parte do percurso de vida de uma docente de Educação Especial. As conclusões que se retiraram desta pequena investigação, é que uma investigação social a nível profissional é diferente da académica. Pode ser mais flexível, mais pequena, visa um fim específico. Tudo depende da profissão e organização onde o investigador se insere.

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the teaching-learning process at all different levels of education, as well as it has changed people's lives around the world. Introduction: We have carried out this research with students of Information and Security, a subject taught in two university degrees at Extremadura University. For that purpose, we have used and analysed the data collected from the academic year 2012-13 to the current year 2021-22. Purposes: By using the validated SEEQ survey, our goal will be to prove whether there has been a significant change in the teaching-learning process since the COVID-19 pandemic in higher education, in particular in the field of Computer and Telematics Engineering. Methodology: A statistical analysis of the results of the SEEQ survey was carried out employing the SPSS programme. For this, all the data collected have been divided into two large groups, one called pre-pandemic (with the data related to the year 2019-20) and the other one called post-pandemic (with the data corresponding to the two subsequent years). Results: The statistical analysis of the data requires the usage of non-parametric tests since the conditions of normality are not met in the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilks tests. Consequently, we have applied the Mann-Whitney U methodology, wherein in all cases, the result obtained retains the null hypothesis, which indicates that the changes are not significant. Conclusions: The general conclusion of this research is that, if the average of all categories of the SEEQ survey continues to increase, this change is not statistically significant. It is also very important to underline that the mean of all categories is above the mean on the Likert scale; in fact, the vast majority are around 4 points out of 5, which is a very positive result.

In 2020, it was planned to do a workshop, to present a practical application of methodology adapted to context and researcher. The pandemic cancelled these activities. The main and only objective of this proposal is turning the research accessible to all. In the last two years were gathered all the contribution from the eight years that this methodological approach was created, with the objective to construct a social intervention to help student in great difficulties to do her research. From this material it was generated two articles, one more theoretical and the other practical. In this practical part, it was started from action research as a form to intervene in the field of the social research. The main concept of this intervention is the researcher in difficult context. Here it is wanted to distance from the image of it has happened, in this pandemic situation, researchers that can’t get closer to the participants and go to the field, due to the distance rules and social isolations. Many methods and techniques ceased to be used in the same way they were drawn. What is strange in this? There isn't research without uncertain, doubt and imperfection. Many researchers study difficult access fields, have limited resources and do research in partial status. The pandemic created the same situations, many researchers, of one researcher in difficulties and in difficult context. To this work it was created Mariana, one virtual student, that simulate an unlikely student, but hard worker, organized and dedicated. The participants of this event, take the place of this student and his director, constructing his intervention plan with the solutions to strange and heterogeneous scenario. The outcome is substantive theory oriented to the practice and reality.

This article is the result of a workshop’s preparations. In the structure of this event wore present two main objectives: to give a theoretic and methodological vision to the methodology adapted to the context and researcher; and to create a practical instrument applied to academic context. Our methodological proposal has been developed for eight years and looks for turn the research accessible to all. To this end we condense all our work, reuse authors, update others and added new. In the social research we defend that more important than what is new is the suitability to the reality in study. Without that we can access to the field. This mean to be open to the subjectivity and to be open to all possibilities within the social sciences, just as, have the ability to include all the elements of a research in holistically, without any exclusion. The extension of the information related with the workshop, that was planned don’t fit in just an article. In this way we decided divide this information in two different articles, one simultaneity philosophical, theoretical, and methodological nature and other related to one part imminently practical with his foundations. This first article presents the problem of the unity of being human, with reflex in a human science, that recognise, that not all is objective, rational and reduced to only one dimension. The social research needs to capture the unity and diversity of the human being, within its finitude, a being that transcend it’s self constantly. We propose to reflect and help to give answers to this challenge.

Orientar teses e dissertações é um dos desafios que se colocam quer a orientadores quer a orientandos. Na metodologia orientada para o contexto e o investigador preocupamo-nos em colocar ao conhecimento e a investigação um triplo desafio: estar acessível a todos, estar mais próxima da realidade e que seja exequível tendo em conta o investigador concreto e não em abstracto. Nos livros de metodologia as questões da orientação colocam-se principalmente a nível prático. A pouca integração teórica sobre as práticas a nível metodológico, dificulta a compreensão do que se está falar. É um tema complexo, o qual originou dois artigos, independentes, mas que se complementam. A primeira parte aborda questões teóricas e de caracter mais filosófico, o segundo mais orientado para a prática. O centro da nossa atenção está a nível micro, numa uma relação privilegiada entre orientador e orientando com o fim de levar a bom termo um trabalho académico. Defendemos que mesmo que o resultado de uma investigação seja generalizável, o processo que a construiu é único e irrepetível.

Orientar segundo a metodologia orientada para o contexto e o investigador: parte II estar perto e longe, questões práticas, é um artigo que apresenta a primeira aplicação prática desta metodologia aplicada a uma Dissertação de Mestrado. O objectivo principal é apresentar os problemas de uma investigação no seu início, sendo que um deles é a distância geográfica entre orientadora e aluna orientada. Metodologicamente utiliza-se uma abordagem narrativa onde se conjugam as diferentes metodologias associadas o estudo de casos, histórias de vida, percurso de vida, autobiografia, autoetnografia e o método biográfico. Os resultados obtidos são as narrações das experiencias vividas, dos acontecimentos, os problemas e soluções que vão surgindo ao longo de uma investigação. Este é o primeiro, artigo de vários, que visa acompanhar o percurso desta investigação, inclui, apenas a primeira parte, o início do processo, com a orientadora e aluna orientada a organizarem o trabalho, preparando-se para entrar no campo. Revela acima de tudo, olhar para o interior de uma investigação académica iluminando aspectos que ficam invisíveis no trabalho académico.

Introduction: All scientific work in the social sciences don’t use all collected data and exclude elements that won´t be part of the result. This data can be useful to other researches, but it has ethic problems that difficult their use. Objectives: Develop a methodology to use the data not analysed and propose an ethical interpretation that facilitates its use. Methods: It was used the procedures and steps of a construction of an research project, having as a centre one methodological area and problem. Results: The creation of a proposal of one methodology specifically destined to the use of unused data, open and flexible. Conclusion: The utility of the use, not only of unused data, but also, all elements of a social research, that will benefit all knowledge. In the field of ethics, the focus is in the question of protecting communities, participants and the researcher. The ethical questions are too complex to be treated in one only article.