Seok-Jun Yang’s research while affiliated with Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources and other places

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Publications (28)


First evidence of magmatic Ni-Cu sulfides and hydrothermal Zn mineralization in Jumun Island, central-western Korean peninsula
  • Article

September 2024

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17 Reads

Geosciences Journal

Heonkyung Im

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Seok-Jun Yang

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Ji-Hyun Lee

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[...]

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Jumun Island is tectonostratigraphically situated on the marginal zone of the Gyeonggi Massif. The Massif is in contact with the southwestern margin of the Imjingang Belt and adjacent to Boreum Island, where ultramafic rock with magmatic Fe-Ti oxide deposits occurs. The northwest of Jumun Island, facing the Boreum ultramafic rock with Fe-Ti oxide ores, is composed of Precambrian Boreumdo schists containing a few magmatic intrusives, the exact ages of which are unknown. In Jumun, the ultramafic intrusion (Mg# = 75), which is confined to a narrow zone along the seaside, mainly consists of olivine (Fo = 81–82), amphibole (magnesio-horn-blende to tremolite), and phlogopite. The olivine is strongly serpentinized and encompassed by amphibole and phlogopite. The Ni-Cu sulfide mineralization found in the ultramafic rock is weak but has a typical assemblage of pyrrhotite-pentlandite-chalcopyrite with a small amount of magnetite. Notably, the Ni-Cu sulfides are closely associated with amphibole and phlogopite and are found in the fractures and interstitials of the olivine grains. The pyrrhotite (n = 2) and chalcopyrite (n = 1) are compositionally close to pure samples, whereas the pentlandite (n = 2) is characterized by enrichment with Co (up to 6.9 wt%). The sphalerite-bearing quartz vein cuts across the Precambrian gneissic rock and strikes N70 °W with an 80 °NE dip. This vein, which is traceable to a limited extent and approximately 40 cm wide, shows mineralogical zonation in the inward direction from pyrite to sphalerite-dominant. Consisting of sphalerite, pyrite, quartz, and chlorite with minor amounts of chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, and pentlandite, it is composed of 9.56 wt% Zn with < 1.0 wt% As, Co, Cu, In, Mn, Ni, and Pb and below-detection limits (0.001 ppm) amounts of Bi, Ge, Mo, Se, Sb, Te, and W. Sphalerite, a principal ore mineral, is coarse-grained and reddish-brown and is composed of 57.3–58.8 wt% ZnS, 8.0–9.2 wt% FeS, and 32.0–32.4 wt% S with small amounts of Cu, Mn, As, and Cd. The recently discovered Ni-Cu sulfide mineralization and quartz vein with sphalerite, along with the linear array of magmatic Fe-Ti oxide deposits, provide conclusive evidence that the marginal zone of the Gyeonggi Massif may be a geologically favorable area for the formation of magmatic and magmatic-hydrothermal deposits. For exploration purposes, it is necessary to contextualize the source, tectonic setting, and magmatic evolution.


a Regional geologic map of the study area (modified after Moon et al. 1996). b Local geologic map of the study area (modified after Oh et al. 2022a, b). (Abbreviations; GM: Gyeonggi massif; OMB: Okcheon metamorphic belt; TB: Taebaeksan basin; YM: Yeongnam massif; GB: Gyeongsang basin)
Outcrop images of the Boam mine area. a Albitized pegmatite from MO. b Brecciated lepidolite band is visible at the field site of MO. Relict lepidolite layers are infiltrated by albitite. c Internal differentiation of pegmatite from EO. Border zone composed of massive quartz can be distinguished with rhythmic layered core zone composed of quartz–K-feldspar–albite–lepidolite
Representative lithologies of outcrop samples from MO (a, b, and c) and EO (d). The black squares indicate the locations of thin sections containing each marked micrograph in Fig. 4. a Brecciation of the albitite-dominated part of MO. Dark-gray fragment is tourmaline–quartz aggregate. b Brecciation of blocky lepidolite layer. c Locations with less albitite and brecciation show clear textures of primitive pegmatite. Lepidolite, quartz, and K-feldspar layers are identified, infiltrated by late-stage albitite. d Rhythmic layering of lepidolite–quartz–albite units in EO. Textural similarity with primitive pegmatite from MO shows their connection. (Abbreviations; Lpd: lepidolite; Qz: quartz; Kfs: K-feldspar; Ab: albite)
Backscattered electron images of muscovite–lepidolite series in Li-pegmatite from MO and EO. Textural characteristics can be divided into six distinct stages. The red and yellow circles are analyzed EPMA and LA-ICP-MS spots. a Stage 1 muscovite (S1M; white line) occurs as independent, coarse euhedral grains, primarily at MO. b Large zoned mica with five stages (S2L to S6M) in a single grain at EO. c Embayment texture of S1M indicates later stage dissolution and precipitation of Stage 6 muscovite (S6M; red line) (MO). d Microcrystalline quartz (MCQ; cyan line) is commonly associated with S6M (MO). e At MO, primary tourmalines are commonly found with stages 2 and 3 lepidolite (S2L; yellow line, S3L; magenta line), with minor amounts of Stage 4 muscovite (S4M; green line). f S2L and S3L show diffusive and gradual major element variations, but are clearly distinguished from later stage S4M. Dissolved boundary of K-feldspar and albite is identifiable (EO). g Independent grains with S4M core and Stage V lepidolite (S5L; blue line) rim (EO). h Erratic boundaries of S4M and S5L are evidence of a dissolution–reprecipitation process (EO). i Large scale zonation at the mica aggregate (EO). j Zoned mica from EO consisted of S1M and S2L. k Relict S4M and S5L from MO. Dissolution texture and precipitation of S6M with microcrystalline quartz is visible. l Large grains of S4M and S5L commonly occur in EO samples. (Abbreviations; Qz:quartz; Kfs: K-feldspar; Ab: albite; Tur: tourmaline; Ap: apatite; Cc: Calcite)
Backscattered electron images of coexisting minerals with micas of Li-pegmatite from MO and EO. a Fine-grained, euhedral to subhedral tourmaline with S1M (MO). b Compositionally zoned anhderal beryl with S2L and S3L (EO). c Coarse-grained, euhedral tourmaline with S2L and S3L. Dissolution textures are visible (MO). d Anhderal amblygonite with S2L and S3L (MO). e Microlite with S2L and S3L (low brightness image; MO). f Microlite with S2L and S3L (high brightness image; MO). g Mn-columbite and microlite with albitite (high brightness image; EO). h Mn-columbite and microlite with albitite (low brightness image; EO). i Apatite with zoned mica (EO). (Abbreviations; Tur: tourmaline; Brl: beryl; Kfs: K-feldspar; Aby: amblygonite; Mic: microlite; Ttl: tantalite; Ap: apatite; Ab: albite)

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Magmatic to aqueous phase transition in Li-pegmatite: microtextural and geochemical study of muscovite–lepidolite from Boam mine area, Uljin, South Korea
  • Article
  • Full-text available

June 2024

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268 Reads

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1 Citation

Mineralium Deposita

This study investigated the Boam mine area, a prominent Li-pegmatite deposits located in South Korea, using Li-bearing micas to determine the magmatic–aqueous transition involved in rare-element pegmatite formation. Muscovite–lepidolite series micas from the layered pegmatite exhibited six textures, classified into three stages (early, intermediate, and late) based on compositions of major and trace elements. The substitution mechanisms of muscovite–lepidolite series micas follow lithium fixation (Si ↔ Li + Al) and phengitic substitution (Aliv + 2Alvi ↔ Li + (Fe²⁺, Mg²⁺, Mn²⁺) + Si) vectors. Early-stage micas displayed a large grain size due to rapid crystal growth due from low undercooling. Diffusional zonation of these micas with the higher Nb–Ta and lower Li concentrations compared with later-stage lepidolite indicate a lower degree of fractionation. These features suggest a silicic melt origin for early-stage micas. Intermediate-stage micas are distinctly separated from the early-stage type and feature erratic boundaries with higher Li composition. B enrichment reduced the melt viscosity and increased the H2O solubility, resulting in an increase in growth rate and retardation of mineralization. The inhibition of HFSE partitioning by B lead to a lower Nb–Ta concentration than the silicic melt, suggesting the existence of an aqueous melt. Fine-grained late-stage mica coexists with microcrystalline quartz, and is characterized by Cs enrichment and Nb–Ta depletion that exclusively occur in flux-rich aqueous fluids. Non-Rayleigh behavior of K-Rb-Cs indicates a deviation from fractional crystallization unlike melt phases, suggesting an aqueous fluid origin for late-stage micas. Consequently, the formation of Li-pegmatite in the deposit was predominantly controlled by the immiscibility of silicic melt–aqueous melt–aqueous fluid and fractional crystallization within each medium.

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Application of complex resistivity survey in an epithermal Au-Ag deposit, South Korea

September 2022

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29 Reads

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1 Citation

Exploration Geophysics

Electrochemical reactions at the interface between groundwater and sulphides are remarkable. Sulphides in mineralised zones are relatively abundant compared to hydrothermal alteration zones and host rocks. Complex resistivity is a geophysical tool for visualising difference between various subsurface electrochemical reactions. The epithermal Au–Ag mineralisation at Moisan hill (South Korea) occurs in the extensively disseminated pyrite zone, a typical feature of advanced argillic and argillic alteration zones. The epithermal vein at Moisan had a strike length of >500 m horizontally and approximately 300 m vertically and was controlled by the WNW fault zone. In this context, the deposit was subjected to a test bed to demonstrate the applicability of the complex resistivity survey for mineral exploration. To compare complex resistivity results with geological characteristics of epithermal mineralisation, we visualised the complex resistivity survey results and Au–Ag mineralised zones confirmed by drilling cores in three dimensions. The quartz veins of the targets showed high resistivity and a strong phase response; however, both the alteration zones and host rocks showed lower resistivity and a weaker phase response than the target zones. Through a step-by-step clustering analysis, a simple map integrating both kinds of the geophysical models was generated, to identify the boundary between the target and background. Geologic survey and drilling investigations indicate that the target is well-localised in a mineralised zone. The complex resistivity survey is a useful tool for exploring epithermal Au–Ag deposits.


Whole-rock geochemistry and mineral compositions of gabbroic rocks and the associated Fe–Ti (–V) oxide deposit in the Gonamsan intrusion, South Korea

August 2022

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89 Reads

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7 Citations

Ore Geology Reviews

The N–S trending sill-like Gonamsan gabbroic intrusion in the central region of the Korean Peninsula intruded Neoproterozoic metasedimentary rocks composed of schists intercalated with gneisses, marbles, and quartzites. The intrusion has an east zone (EZ) composed of diorite–monzodiorite, diorite–gabbro, and oxide gabbro–monzodiorite, and a west zone (WZ) composed of quartz monzodiorite. These silicate rocks have similar primitive-mantle normalized trace elements and chondrite-normalized REE patterns, suggesting that they are co-magmatic. Plagioclase anorthite (An) contents (1.9–54.0), pyroxene MgO/ (MgO + FeO) (Mg#) (35.4–73.7), and olivine forsterite (Fo) values (14.5–20.9) show a wide range through the intrusive silicate suite, but each unit has narrow ranges, and reverse fractionation is absent. The Fe–Ti (–V) oxide mineralization only occurs in the EZ and is characterized by variations in morphology, size, mineral assemblages, and chemical compositions of the Fe–Ti oxide minerals. Stratiform Fe–Ti (–V) oxide mineralization interlayered with diorite–monzodiorite is restricted to metasedimentary host rocks in the central region of Gonamsan and comprises magnetite and ilmenite with lesser amount of olivine, tschermakite, apatite, spinel, pyroxene, and plagioclase. Lenticular mineralization occurs along the western margin of the diorite–gabbro and consists of magnetite and ilmenite with minor hornblende, apatite, chlorite, and spinel. Oxide gabbro interlayered with relatively thin monzodiorite bands forms cyclical units irregularly distributed throughout the EZ and consists of olivine and pyroxene with minor interstitial magnetite, ilmenite, and apatite. Magnetite is the principal Fe–Ti oxide mineral, and varies in chemical composition and microtextures in different ore zones. Overall, the compositions of magnetite from all mineralized zones fall in the compositional fields for magmatic Fe–Ti, V deposits defined by Dupuis and Beaudoin (2011). Magnetite from the stratiform Fe–Ti oxide mineralization is compositionally consistent with those from high-temperature silicate melts and displays complex ilmenite and spinel exsolution textures that resulted from re-equilibration of ulvöspinel–magnetite solid solution during cooling. In contrast, magnetite from the lenticular ore and oxide gabbro are compositionally consistent with being derived from evolved low-temperature melt. Based on the whole-rock geochemistry, mineral composition, and mineralization distribution, the Fe–Ti (–V) oxide mineralization in the Gonamsan intrusion seems to be related to Fe–Ti-rich melt formed from magmatic fractionation and migration along a relatively permeable zone, rather than other magmatic and post-magmatic processes.


Geometry and scale property of a gold-silver-bearing vein system associated with an oblique-slip fault zone at Gasado Island, Korea

June 2022

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844 Reads

Ore Geology Reviews

Gasado Island, on the southwestern Korean Peninsula, comprises c. 50 Ma volcanic rocks that are cut by faults and fractures hosting low-sulfidation epithermal Au-Ag mineralization. In this study, we examined the relationship between the fault-fracture networks and auriferous vein systems to better understand the role of brittle structures in controlling hydrothermal fluid flow. Geometrical and fractal analyses were performed to express and quantitatively compare the vein geometries and thickness population. The results were as follows: (1) The geometrical analysis revealed a strong relationship between Au-Ag-bearing quartz veins and NE-SW-striking, oblique sinistral-normal faults, indicating that these structures are a key control on mineralization. (2) Box-counting fractal analysis applied to veins hosted by fault zone demonstrated that the D-values (fractal dimensions) are directly proportional to vein density – indicating that damage zones control vein density. (3) The linear traverse line analysis yielded cumulative frequency plots of vein thicknesses that showed obvious changes in the slope, which are reflected in the variable D-values. The cause of this slope variability is interpreted to be the presence of hybrid veins that fill secondary fault planes, which disturbs the original linear relationship shown by cumulative thickness distribution data. This study shows that vein density and physical properties are strongly controlled by the types, or existence, of fault damage zones. Understanding fault zone architecture may assist with the prediction of locations that concentrate mineralizing fluids and may benefit the initial stage of mineral exploration.


Figure 4. Upper (Pgt 1), middle (Pgt 2), and bottom (Pgt 3) parts of the western rare-element peg matite (REP) bodies. The boundaries of the bodies are highlighted with thick blue dotted lines, and the beddings are highlighted with thick yellow dotted lines. (a) Pgt 1 is composed of an irregula body and more than two lenticular bodies. (b,c) Pgt 2 is composed of two REP bodies parallel to th bedding and is branched or bent by a N-S-striking fracture and rotation of the bedding, respectively (d,e) Pgt 3 consists of two REP bodies that cross the bedding, with thin REP bodies branching alon the bedding. Yellow and blue dotted lines indicate beddings and orebody contacts, respectively.
Figure 10. Rare-element pegmatite (REP) body Pgt 8 developed in the outcrop. (a) The bedding changes from an EW/50° N strike to a N60° E/50° SE strike where the REP body is exposed. The N64° W/90°-striking fracture is bound to the northern part of the body. (b) The limestone layer overlies the pegmatite. (c) The direction of the pegmatite intrusion is parallel to the bedding of the overlying limestone.
Figure 12. Pit I (Pgt 9), pit II (Pgt 10), pit III (Pgt 11), and outcrop (Pgt 12) of the eastern rare-element pegmatite (REP) bodies. (a,b) The long axis of Pgt 9 is parallel to the bedding, while the short axis is lenticular owing to discontinuities and rotation of the bedding. (c) Positions of pit II, pit III, and outcrops. (d,e) Pgt 10, Pgt 11, and Pgt 12 show the intrusion pattern parallel to the bedding, and the excavation extension of each pit is approximately 10 m (f) Outcrop (Pgt 13) showing the internal zoning.
Rare-element composition (ppm) of pegmatite samples from the Boam deposit.
Detailed information on the rare-element pegmatites (REPs) investigated in this study.
Study on the Controlling Factors of Li-Bearing Pegmatite Intrusions for Mineral Exploration, Uljin, South Korea

May 2022

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368 Reads

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8 Citations

Minerals

Recently, the demand for lithium (Li) as an energy storage element has increased, owing to the rapid increase in the number of electric vehicles. To meet this demand, Li exploration has become increasingly important. The Boam deposit is located in the Uljin area of eastern South Korea, where several rare-element pegmatites (0.24% Li) intrude the Precambrian Janggun Limestone Formation. In this study, we performed petrographical and geometrical analyses of the rare-element pegmatites recognized in the vicinity of the Boam deposit, through which the Li-mineralization process was identified and the factors controlling intrusion studied. Our results are summarized as follows: (1) the pegmatites exhibit regional and internal zoning based on their mineral assemblages; (2) Li mineralization is restricted to pegmatites; (3) the geometry and distribution of the pegmatites are strongly controlled by fracture, bed contact, and post-intrusive deformation; and (4) exploration should be concentrated in the ENE–WSW-trending zone of the upper part of the Janggun Limestone Formation. These results provide valuable understanding to guide the development of strategies for early-stage mineral exploration in the Uljin area.


Descriptive classification of dyke morphologies based on similarity to fracture geometries10.1007/s12303-021-0018-2

August 2021

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54 Reads

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2 Citations

Geosciences Journal

Fractures (including faults and joints) are important pathways for magma in the upper crust. Two theories of dyke intrusion are generally accepted: dykes open pre-existing fractures or dykes inject propagating new fractures at their tips. Thus, there is a close interrelationship between dyke intrusion and fractures. We present a field-based study focused on geometric patterns of intrusions, because detailed descriptions and analyses of exposed dykes can provide useful complementary information regarding the roles of fractures as dyke formation pathways. Most non-planar dyke examples that we analyzed are from four areas (Geoje Island, Kori, Uljin, and Suncheon) of Korea. Some dykes show morphological similarities to fractures, such as branching, bending, and splaying. Therefore, we classified the intrusion patterns based on the equivalent terminology for fractures (e.g., tip, wall, and linkage), which is useful for describing dykes at the outcrop scale and for research into inter-relationships between dykes and fractures. This study improves our understanding for the role of fractures in guiding dyke emplacement.



Applying three-dimensional modeling based on trench surveys to chromitite orebodies in the BophiVum area, northwestern Myanmar

August 2020

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259 Reads

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2 Citations

Geosciences Journal

The BophiVum massif in northwestern Myanmar mainly consists of peridotite, mafic intrusive, and mafic volcanic rocks, oceanic sediments, and chromitites. Small chromitite open pits are randomly distributed in the eastern lowland of the massif. In this study, we interpret the origin of the chromitite and suggest exploration guidelines for hidden orebodies, by understanding their random distribution in three-dimensional (3D) space. This is accomplished by inputting the geological survey data into 3D modeling software. Trench and geological surveys were conducted on the selected ridge (detailed study area) that contains chromitite of a certain thickness and predictable extent to analyze the characteristics of orebody distribution. The general characteristics of the chromitite deposits investigated from the field are: (1) they occur as lenticular pods hosted by dunites, (2) they are located close to the harzburgite-dunite boundary, (3) they are not present in all dunites, and (4) the dominant trend of the dunites and chromitites is WNW or NW-trending. These individual field data were integrated by importing them into 3D modeling software and the resulting model showed the characteristics of chromitite distribution in 3D. The results are: (1) composed of six discontinuous chromitite pods, (2) occurring in a WNW or NW-trending arrangement, (3) located at the WNW or NW-trending lenticular dunite boundary, and (4) maximum depth being 30 m from surface. This study provides useful data for exploration of hidden orebodies in the study area and suggests a new method for integrating field data in 3D space.



Citations (13)


... The complex resistivity method is an emerging noncontact and nondestructive detection technology that can achieve highdensity measurements in both the frequency and spatial domains over a wide frequency range, considering the influence of frequency variation on the polarization characteristics of coal, and further study the characteristic frequency points of the complex electrical dispersion characteristic curve of coal under different conditions; meanwhile, this method is low-cost and convenient. It has been extensively studied in many fields such as metal deposit exploration, 17 distinguishment of the oil layer and water layer, 18 pollutant management, 19,20 and medical diagnosis. 21 At present, there are two theories for the mechanism of rock electrical dispersion: induced polarization caused by electrochemical effects 22 and dielectric polarization resulting from displacement currents. ...

Reference:

Study on the Complex Electrical Response Characteristics of Loaded Coal and the Control Mechanism of the Main Fracture System Structure
Application of complex resistivity survey in an epithermal Au-Ag deposit, South Korea
  • Citing Article
  • September 2022

Exploration Geophysics

... Additionally, oxide gabbro interlayered with thin monzodiorite bands forms cyclical units irregularly scattered throughout the eastern section, containing olivine and pyroxene with minor interstitial magnetite, ilmenite, and apatite. The distinct geophysical properties of the mafic rocks within the intrusion, compared to the surrounding terrain, indicate the potential for additional mineral resources [13]. ...

Whole-rock geochemistry and mineral compositions of gabbroic rocks and the associated Fe–Ti (–V) oxide deposit in the Gonamsan intrusion, South Korea
  • Citing Article
  • August 2022

Ore Geology Reviews

... This is likely due to the enrichment of Li in the last minerals, which crystallize as the granite cools. 20 Mineral resources such as Ni, Co, and Li found in Korea are directly related to the complexity of the Precambrian geotectonic domains. The stability of the continental interior, along with the dynamic geological activities of active continental margins and rift zones, enables the formation of these valuable mineral resources. ...

Study on the Controlling Factors of Li-Bearing Pegmatite Intrusions for Mineral Exploration, Uljin, South Korea

Minerals

... Based on the dike piercing points, the intrusion was regulated by pre-existing structures (Yang and Kim, 2022). The lines connecting the piercing points observed on dike 3-1 shows that the direction of minimum principal stress was NW-SE while the maximum principal stress was NE-SW (Fig. 7C). ...

Descriptive classification of dyke morphologies based on similarity to fracture geometries10.1007/s12303-021-0018-2
  • Citing Article
  • August 2021

Geosciences Journal

... The probability of intersection between the target and the exploration network was calculated as a function of the target geometry and its relative orientation concerning the directional and dimensional properties of the exploration network. The target assumed ellipses because the shape of the surface projection of many natural resource targets can be approximated by an ellipse [9][10][11][12]. The optimum spacing of exploratory boreholes was evaluated by maximizing the expected gross drilling return (GDR) [13]. ...

Applying three-dimensional modeling based on trench surveys to chromitite orebodies in the BophiVum area, northwestern Myanmar

Geosciences Journal

... Kobayashi (1966) summarised the trilobites that had been found in the Myobong Formation, and established four biozones (the Redlichia, Elrathia, Mapania (?) and Bailiella zones; Choi & Park, 2017), indicating the informal Stage 4 of Cambrian Series 2 to the Wuliuan Stage of the Miaolingian Series (Oh et al., 2023). Later Mesozoic magmatic activities induced intrusion of granitoids into the Cambrian-Ordovician sedimentary rocks in the mideastern part of the peninsula, resulting in the formation of skarn deposits (Kim et al., 2018). ...

New discoveries, skarn zonation, and skarn textures at the Geodo Mine in the Taebaeksan Basin, South Korea
  • Citing Article
  • October 2018

Geosciences Journal

... Zircon can re-crystallize by magmatic, hydrothermal, and metamorphic processes (Belousova et al., 2006;Hoskin and Schaltegger, 2003;Pettke et al., 2005;Rubatto, 2017), which can be distinguished by morphology, internal structure, and trace element composition (Hoskin, 2005;Pettke et al., 2005;Schaltegger et al., 2005;Schaltegger, 2007;Lawrie et al., 2007;Fu et al., 2009;Zhong et al., 2018a,b). Furthermore, zircons can be altered or corroded by post-magmatic hydrothermal fluids (Hoskin, 2005;Schaltegger, 2007;Kim et al., 2018), which play an important role in tracing the processes and timing of crustal fluid-flow, water-rock interaction and revealing the chemical evolution of hydrothermal fluids (Geisler et al., 2007;Pelleter et al., 2007a,b;Kusiak et al., 2009;Li et al., 2017). ...

The characteristics of zircon as the evidence for post-magmatic remobilization of REE and HFSE in the northern Motzfeldt alkaline igneous complex, southern Greenland
  • Citing Article
  • March 2018

Geosciences Journal

... (b) Geological map around the Gyeongsang Basin showing the locations of study sites. Cretaceous granitoids and sedimentary rocks were intruded with dykes during the Late Cretaceous to the Early Tertiary (modified from Kang and Paik, 2013;Jin et al., 2018). ...

Deformation history and characteristics of the Ilgwang Fault in Southeast Korea
  • Citing Article
  • November 2017

Geosciences Journal

... 페루 (Yang et al., 2015;Yang and Heo, 2016 (Fig. 1). 중생대 해성 퇴적층을 관 입하는 안다우아일라스-야우리(Andahuaylas-Yauri) 저반관련 수조의 신생대 심성암체가 대부분의 모암 을 차지하고 있다 (Carlotto, 1998). ...

Geology and Mineralization in Constancia Porphyry Cu-Mo Mine, Cusco State, Southeastern Peru

Economic and Environmental Geology

... Dykes rarely form simple planar structures, but instead show a variety of intrusion patterns, especially within the shallow crust (e.g., Hoek, 1991;Jolly and Sanderson, 1995;Kattenhorn and Watkeys, 1995;Ryan, 1995;Platten, 2000;Babiker and Gudmundsson, 2004;Gudmundsson, 2005;Clemente et al., 2007;Khodayar and Franzson, 2007;Paquet et al., 2007;Goulty and Schofield, 2008;Mathieu et al., 2008;Rivalta et al., 2015;Kavanagh et al., 2017). These different intrusion patterns provide information regarding related structures and the mechanisms of magma intrusion (e.g., Baer et al., 1994;Yang et al., 2008;Edwards et al., 2017;Tibaldi and Bonali, 2017;Walker et al., 2017). ...

Paleostress conditions based on dyke intrusion patterns and deformation histories in Geo-je island, SE Korea.