July 2024
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29 Reads
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2 Citations
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules
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July 2024
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29 Reads
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2 Citations
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules
February 2024
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84 Reads
In this study we try to evaluate the accumulation of heavy metals, including Pb, Zn, Cu and Cr in the soil, the entry into plants, and the effect on the physiological and biochemical processes of olive tree. We try to study the contamination of the leaves, stem and roots of olive trees collected from 24 sampling sites throughout three roads in the region of Sfax, Tunisia. To better study this contamination, we used two contamination indices, the accumulation and translocation factor. For Gremda road, Pb and Zn contamination does not exceed 50m. For Tunis road, contamination of leaves stems and roots by Pb and Cr arrived up to 50m in the eastern and western side of the road. In contrast, Zn contamination reached 50m in the eastern and 25m in the western side of road. Likewise, metal contamination affects the roots and leaves of Manzel Chaker olive trees at a distance of 3m but this contamination does not affect the physiological and biochemical mechanisms of the latter. The contamination of sites near Tunis and Gremda roads affects the chlorophyll assimilation of olive trees planted in these sites but, the chlorophyll contents of Manzel chaker sites are less affected. On the other hand, for soluble sugars, the olive leaves close to Manzel Chaker and Tunis roads recorded higher sugar contents than those of Gremda sites. The leaves of olive trees in the sites close to Gremda and Tunis roads showed a weakened antioxidant activity compared to that recorded in the control sites.
January 2024
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39 Reads
In this work we highlight the contamination of three soils in the Sfax region by heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and the impact of this contamination in the germination and biochemical factors of two selected species Lycopersicum esculentum and Cucumis sativus . The use of contamination index showed a moderate soil contamination by Zn and Pb up to 50m from gremda road, up to 10m from Manzel Chaker road and 3m from Tunis road. In contrast, no site was contaminated by Cu and Cr. The highest levels of hydrocarbon aromatique polycyclic are recorded in the vicinity of Manzel Chaker soil. On the other hand, the physico-chemical characteristic of studied soils affect the speciation of metals and hydrocarbon. We noted that the metal contamination of gremda soil and the hydrocarbon contamination of Manzel Chaker soil affected the cucumber germination less than tomato germination. The use of germination tests for the two selected species highlighted the capacity of cucumber to resist to both types of pollutants. This resistance is manifested by the slight modification of chlorophyll, proline and soluble sugars contents expressed by the cucumber in polluted soils are less than those expressed by the tomato. An increase in catalase and ascorbate peroxidase activity in tomato plants was observed in vicinity of Gremda road but for cucumber, the levels of these antioxydants enzymes are higher than those recorded in tomato leaves which leads us to the use of cucumber in the phytoremediation of polluted soils near roads in the Sfax region.
September 2023
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26 Reads
Arabian Journal of Geosciences
The distribution and accumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in soil and their impact on three selected species—Lycopersicum esculentum, Cicer arietinum, and Cucumis sativus—have been investigated in areas with high traffic pollution such as the city of Sfax, in the south of Tunisia. PAH were identified in 147 soil samples (0–10 cm). The variation between the physicochemical characteristics of three soils influenced the spatial distribution of PAH. Soil acidity at sites near the Manzel Chaker road can therefore increase the availability of hydrocarbons. Similarly, increasing of organic matter content in these sites can decrease the biodegradation of PAH. The soils near Manzel Chaker road had the highest content followed by those of Tunis road soil. Chrysene, fluoranthene, benzo(a)anthracene, and indeno(1.2.3.cd)pyrene were the most abundant compounds with a content of 49 µg/g, 51 µg/g, 3.8 µg/g, and 45 µg/g respectively. The calculation of the number of germinated seeds by referring to the number of seed germinated, also the root biomass and the shoot elongation of tomato, showed the sensitivity of this species to contamination of Gremda and Manzel Chaker soils. The use of PCA indicated the absence of the impact of fluorene, fluoranthene, naphthalene, and chrysene on the germination of tomato and cucumber and their impact on the aerial part of tomato, but no significant effect on the germination and growth of cucumber was detected. This later has shown resistance to pollution by PAH which can be linked to morphological and genetic aspects.
January 2023
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69 Reads
The study of three roadsoil contamination in the Sfax region by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons showed a significant variation between the three sites and proportional to the distance from the road. The variation between the physicochemical characteristics of three soils influenced the spatial distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydroacarbons. Quantitatively, the soils near Manzel Chaker road had the highest content followed by those of the Tunis road soil . Qualitatively, chrysene, benzo (b) fluorenthene;benzo (a) anthracene and Indeno (1.2.3.cd) pyrene were the most abundant compounds. These contaminants, with naphthalene and fluorenthene, affected the germination and aerial growth of tomato but with no significant effect on the germination and growth of cucumber which has shown resistance to pollution by polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons. The use of PCA and regression between parameters indicated that these compounds which are in mixture in soil have disturbed the germinative capacity, the speed of germination and the aerial elongation of tomato. In the same soils, the cucumber showed resistance to this contamination and its germination was not affected.
December 2021
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189 Reads
Environmental Earth Sciences
Assessment of spatial variations in the concentrations of potentially toxic metal Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr and Fe was carried out along three roads in Sfax region to identify possible changes in their levels. Concentrations were determined using atomic absorption spectrometer. The study found that for the samples collected along Gremda road the mean concentrations of Pb, Zn, Cr, Cu and Fe were from 2.5 to 110.3; 21.3 to 255.8; 0.8 to 13.7; 0.9 to 11.8 and 9190.8 to 17,267.7 µg/g, respectively. For the samples collected along Manzel Chaker road, obtained concentrations of Pb, Zn, Cr, Cu and Fe ranged between 1.6 and 36.2; 9.8 and 79.2; 2.1 and 7.1; 1.3 and 15.9; 3065.6 and 4084.4 µg g1− for Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr and Fe, respectively. For the sample of Tunis, they ranged between 6.8 and 60.2; 1.6 and 119.6; 1.2 and 6.7; 0.9 and 3.4 and 13,691.7 and 18,091.7 µg g1− for Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr and Fe, respectively. The use of different pollution indexes: geoaccumulation index (Igeo), contamination factor (CF), pollution load index (PLI) and enrichment factor (EF) showed the anthropogenic sources of Pb, Zn, Cu and Cr and the natural sources of Fe. The study indicated that the soils on the Gremda road are highly contaminated with Zn and Pb and no contamination with Cu and Cr. The other two roads showed lower contamination with Pb and Zn and no contamination with Cu and Cr. This difference is related to the variation in exposure to road emissions, the road activity and to the effect of climatic factors.
September 2018
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149 Reads
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9 Citations
International journal of Environmental Science and Technology
The present research assessed soil contamination along the roadside in the central littoral region of Tunisia. Road Gremda (toward the northwest), road Manzel Chaker (toward the southwest) and road Tunis (toward the north) were chosen for this study. Fourteen stations located on different road sides were sampled. Soil samples were analyzed for Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr and Fe. The range of the metals was as follows: Pb 1.23–88 µg/g, Zn 1.23–295.2 µg/g, Cu 3.8–11.04 µg/g, Fe 1972.7–3647.9 µg/g and Cr 10.8–32.2 µg/g. Iron is an abundant element in the Earth’s crust, and it was considered in this work as a reference for naturally occurring metals and was used in the determination of geoaccumulation index. Soil metallic contamination affected the percentage and kinetic of germination of tomato and chickpea, whereas these parameters did not affect cucumber. Contamination of soil by the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons reaching 1550 mg/kg affected only the rate of germination of tomato and chickpea. Cucumber showed a resistance to both of metals and polycyclic hydrocarbons which can attest the resistance of this species. The hydrocarbon content recorded in the soil affected shoot elongation of tomato, while the metal contamination affected the root elongation of this species. In contrast, cucumber showed resistance to both types of pollutants. This species has shown an accumulation of Pb, Zn and Cr, especially when germinated on Gremda soil.
... Specialized enzymes also perform well in the baking industry. For example, using specialized enzyme preparations such as α-amylase, xylanase, and cellulase can hydrolyze polymers like starch, xylan, and cellulose in flour, thereby improving the texture of dough and bread [188]. ...
July 2024
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules
... germinability. Mbadra et al. (2019) emphasized that the application of Cr, Cd and Pb dramatically decreased the germination of Solanum lycopersicum and Cicer arietinum seeds, while these HMs were peculiarly harmless to Cucumis sativus seed germination. ...
September 2018
International journal of Environmental Science and Technology