Scott A. Myers's research while affiliated with West Virginia University and other places
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Publications (154)
Continuing a tradition dating back to 1968, this tenth study in a longitudinal series of surveys of the basic communication course has two goals: (a) to provide descriptive information about the basic course contemporarily and over time and (b) to propose a framework for interpreting the impact of the extraordinary national and international events...
The purpose of this study was to explore the role that confirmation plays in the academic advising context, with a focus on identifying the specific confirmation behaviors that advisees perceive their advisors to use with them during advising sessions. Participants were 33 undergraduate students who participated in one of six focus groups. Data ana...
This study extends psychological reactance theory (PRT) to family caregiving by exploring autonomy-threatening messages adult child caregivers use to gain compliance from older adult parents. Results of focus groups and interviews with older adult care recipients (Study One) and caregivers (Study Two) corroborated three types of autonomy-threatenin...
This study examined the influence of shared family identity on the association between emerging adult sibling use of the positivity, openness, assurances, networks, and tasks relationship maintenance behaviors and perceived relational quality. Participants were 132 undergraduate students enrolled in a variety of undergraduate communication courses...
We integrated perspectives from achievement goal theory and expectancy-value theory to investigate how undergraduate students’ (N = 475) achievement motivation might influence their instructional dissent. A latent profile analysis of students’ achievement goals, performance self-efficacy, task value, and perceived cost revealed four distinct subgro...
Guided by self-determination theory, this study examined the dyadic effects of marital autonomy on relationship maintenance behaviors. Heterosexual married couples (N = 324 dyads) completed questionnaires assessing their need fulfillment of autonomy in marriage along with their enactment of relationship maintenance behaviors. Using multilevel model...
For the communication theory course to be successful, instructors must tap into their students’ lives and create a sense of how communication theory is not only relevant to their needs, interests, or goals, but also practical when applied to their social, personal, and organizational relationships. One way in which instructors can create a sense of...
The purpose of this study was to continue the trend of identifying the course offerings of National Communication Association (NCA) department members started by Wardrope (1999). A curricular profile of U.S. communication departments. Communication Education, 48(3), 256–258. https://doi.org/10.1080/03634529909379173 and followed by Bertelsen and Go...
The purpose of this thesis is to investigate how women interpret and respond to incidents of sexual harassment at work, in the context of both their romantic relationships and workplace cultures. Incorporating Ambivalent Sexism Theory (Fiske & Glick, 1995) to measure sexist attitudes, I presumed that their own, their partners’ and their presumed wo...
A series of 27 meta-analyses was conducted to synthesize theoretical predictions, to date, of the relational turbulence model (RTM), which has informed relational turbulence theory (RTT). In line with theorized predictions, 12 random-effects meta-analyses (k = 9–15; n = 1,395–5,493) confirmed that RTM variables (i.e., self uncertainty, partner unce...
This study explored the relationship between the four dimensions of students’ feedback orientation (i.e., utility, retention, confidentiality, and sensitivity) and the four dimensions of students’ classroom engagement (i.e., silent in-class, oral in-class, thinking about course content, and out-of-class) using the tenets of Feedback Intervention Th...
This investigation replicated and extended previous research on the behaviors that college students perceive their instructors use as a way to make course relevant to students’ interests, needs, and goals. In study one, using a sample of 87 undergraduate students, the four categories of relevance-enhancing behaviors (i.e., 10 teaching style, outsid...
We applied foundational intergroup research to a quasi-experiment with stay-at-home mothers (SAHMs) and working mothers (WMs) in order to investigate mothers’ contributions to the pressures of idealized motherhood. After viewing a description of a target mother, who portrayed one of seven empirically-derived mother stereotypes, participant mothers...
This study utilized Relational Dialectics Theory 2.0 to examine how adult adoptees constructed the meaning of the term parent following contact with a birth parent. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 30 adult adoptees who had made contact with a birth parent. Two primary discourses emerged. The discourse of parent as a specific person (...
Guided by emotional response theory, this study examined how students’ emotional responses mediated the relationship between their instructors’ dramatic teaching behaviors (i.e., humor, self-disclosure, narrative) and their approach–avoidance behaviors (i.e., oral in-class participation, out-of-class communication, classroom citizenship behaviors)....
Communication pedagogy is the systematic study, reflection, and identification of teaching practices across communication course curricula that results ultimately in effective classroom instruction, gains in student learning, and the establishment of a supportive learning environment. Systematic study focuses on the teaching, the assessment, or the...
The purpose of this study was to investigate the memorable messages (N = 198) fathers transmit to sons about “being a man.” Five dominant themes emerged from fathers’ messages: work ethic, morality, strength, family provider, and other. Overall, our results suggest that fathers’ messages promote both traditional and contemporary gender ideologies....
Guided by rhetorical/relational goal theory, the purpose of this study was to examine whether students’ impressions of their instructors’ credibility, attraction, and homophily are influenced by four specific rhetorical and relational communication behaviors that instructors use when communicating with their students in the classroom. Participants...
This study examined two effective teaching behaviors traditionally considered by instructional communication scholars to associate positively with students’ academic experiences: instructor clarity and immediacy. Our study situated these teaching behaviors in a conditional process model that integrated two key assumptions about student learning: (a...
This study utilized the longitudinal survey research design using students’ motives to communicate with their instructors as a test case. Participants were 282 undergraduate students enrolled in introductory communication courses at a large Mid-Atlantic university who completed the Student Communication Motives scale at three points (Time 1: second...
The purpose of this study was to investigate the enactment of relational maintenance behaviors across three types of adult friendship. Participants (N = 139) completed an online questionnaire in which they were randomly assigned to an active, dormant, or commemorative friendship condition. After reading a description of the friendship type, partici...
The purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which doctoral faculty advisors’ reports of their advisees’ use of relational maintenance behaviors are associated with the advisors’ perceived relational characteristics (i.e., liking, communication satisfaction, relational satisfaction, trust, and control mutuality) and relational uncertainty...
This study explored the socialization of 118 Division-I student-athletes via the topics of memorable messages that they received prior to their arrival on campus. Ten topics were identified (i.e., desirable attitudes, hard work, physical skill or ability, opportunities, pride, inclusion, challenges, athletes as symbols, the importance of education,...
In most academic disciplines, there is one introductory course that presents an overview of the discipline and introduces fundamental, discipline-specific principles and competencies. However, in Communication Studies, the discipline recognizes and offers multiple course options that may serve as the introductory course. This project sought to iden...
The purpose of this study was to explore young adults’ motives for and content of extradyadic interactions with friends following a negative relational event in a romantic relationship. Focus group discussions with young adults revealed the following partner motives: improving affect, managing uncertainty, obtaining clarity, and entertainment. In t...
The sibling relationship is one of most pervasive and important relationships in which individuals will participate during their lives. Generally, siblings view their relationships favorably and actively work toward maintaining their relationships with each other. They do so by utilizing positive communication behaviors such as self-disclosure and...
Engaging in affectionate communication is perhaps one of the more salient communication behaviors that individuals can use to develop and maintain their relationships. Across a host of relationships, several positive personal outcomes are associated with the expression of affectionate communication. These outcomes include enhanced relational percep...
This study gathered longitudinal and descriptive data on the nature of the basic communication course, continuing a tradition dating back to 1968. Now in its ninth iteration, convenience sampling and hard copy distribution of the survey instrument resulted in a total of 188 respondents (21 from two-year schools, 167 from four-year schools). This st...
The purpose of this investigation was to identify the types of citizenship behavior students use in the college classroom, and to examine the link between their use of citizenship behavior and their perceptions of classroom climate, interest, and self-reports of learning outcomes. Participants were 416 undergraduate students enrolled at a large Mid...
This assessment examined the presence of anti-citizenship behavior (ACB) in the college classroom by (1) identifying the types of ACB college students use in their classes, (2) identifying the reasons why students use ACB, and (3) exploring the link between ACB and student learning outcomes. The results indicated that (1) participants report four t...
This article reports the findings of two meta-analyses that explored the relationship between teacher clarity and student learning. Combined, the results suggest that teacher clarity has a larger effect for student affective learning than for cognitive learning. However, neither the effects for cognitive learning nor affective learning were homogen...
The purpose of this study was to explore the differences that may exist among employees when they are seeking different types of information (i.e., technical, referent, social, appraisal, normative, organizational, and political) from their peers in the workplace. Specifically, this study examined whether employees differed in the perceived appropr...
To examine instructional communication behaviors in the medical context and to explore the role of health literacy in pediatrician-parent relationships, the current study assessed parents’ (N = 299) perceptions of their pediatricians’ nonverbal immediacy, clarity, and verbal receptivity and their own communication satisfaction, affective learning,...
The purpose of this investigation is to apply Gold's (198919.
Gold, D. T. (1989). Sibling relationships in old age: A typology. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 28, 37–51.[CrossRef], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®], [CSA]View all references) typology of sibling relationships to the study of adult-sibling use of relational maintena...
This study investigated the relationship between organizational assimilation and the three types of employee dissent (i.e., upward, lateral, displaced). Participants were 186 full-time employees who completed a brief online self-report survey. Results of the study revealed that all seven dimensions of organizational assimilation (i.e., familiarity...
Peer coworkers exchange a variety of messages in their organizational experiences. However, little is known about how peer coworker relationship quality affects expression of organizational dissent. This study utilized Kram and Isabella's (198529.
Kram, K. F. & Isabella, L. A. (1985). Mentoring alternatives: The role of peer relationships in career...
This study explored the presence of relational transgressions in the instructor-student relationship and examined the forgiveness process within this context. Students' descriptions of instructor relational transgressions were consistent with a typology of incompetent, offensive, and indolent misbehaviors. Student descriptions indicated that forgiv...
Sport teams by definition can be considered a type of organization; yet, the incorporation of an organizational perspective has not been utilized to examine athletes’ interactions. The current study utilizes leader–member exchange theory as theoretical lens to examine the influence that athlete–coach communication has on relationships and communica...
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between instructors’ job satisfaction and perceptions of their own communicator style and socio-communicative orientation. Participants were 122 instructors from 51 academic units at a large Mid-Atlantic university. It was found that instructors’ self-reports of their job satisfaction were p...
The purpose of this study was to explore the role that equity plays in the adult sibling relationship in terms of the behaviors siblings use to maintain their relationships and their assessment of relational characteristics (i.e., commitment, trust, communication satisfaction, relational satisfaction, liking, and loving). Participants were 637 indi...
Using men's (N = 125) reports of their relationships with their fathers and sons, the authors examined intergenerational transmission of family communication patterns (i.e., conformity and conversation orientations) and gender ideologies (i.e., masculinity, femininity, and androgyny). Significant correlations emerged between the conformity orientat...
In this study, we explored peer relationships in the college classroom and how they affected students' perceptions of classroom connectedness and organizational assimilation. Participants were 170 students enrolled in a variety of classes at a large mid-Atlantic university. Students enrolled in a course with information peers reported lower levels...
The purpose of this study is to extend the research conducted on perceived instructor verbal aggressiveness by identifying specific examples of Infante's 10 types of verbally aggressive messages used by instructors. Participants were 225 undergraduate students, who provided an example of a verbally aggressive message used by an instructor. From the...
We examine the extent to which career mentoring and psychosocial mentoring received from their advisors relates to advisee perceptions of advisor–advisee relational uncertainty. Doctoral students (N = 378) completed the Academic Mentoring Behaviors Scale (Schrodt, Cawyer, & Sanders, 2003), the Mentoring and Communication Support Scale (Hill, Bahniu...
Courses: Gender and CommunicationObjective: Upon completing this activity, students will be able to articulate ideas for the development of a teen fashion magazine centered on authentic and healthy body images of women.
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between students' academic competitiveness and their involvement behaviors (i.e., student motives for communicating with their instructors, out-of-class communication with their instructors, and classroom participation). Considering the desire inherent among academically competitive students...
The purposes of this study were (a) to develop a new measure to assess doctoral advisees' use of relational maintenance behaviors with their advisors, and (b) to examine both advisees' (n = 636) and advisors' (n = 141) perceptions of their mentoring relationship using mentoring enactment theory (MET; Kalbfleisch, 2002). The results of principal-com...
The purpose of this study was to investigate if college students' verbal aggressiveness and argumentativeness traits promote their tendencies to engage in instructional dissent (i.e., expressive, rhetorical, vengeful). Participants were 172 undergraduate students who completed a self-report survey measuring these traits and their dissent practices...
This study explored the relationship between students' communicative attributes (i.e., argumentativeness, assertiveness, Machiavellianism, and verbal aggressiveness) and their out-of-class communication with instructors. Undergraduate students (N = 245) completed a series of self-report measures. The results of correlational analyses indicated that...
This study examined the relationships between students’ motives for communicating with their instructors (i.e., relational, functional, participatory, excuse making, and sycophantic) and their perceptions of the classroom environment (i.e., classroom climate, classroom connectedness, and personalized education). Participants were 174 undergraduate...
Course: Small Group CommunicationThe purpose of this assessment was to examine whether differences exist between students who self-select their classroom work group members and students who are randomly assigned to their classroom work groups in terms of their use of organizational citizenship behaviors with their work group members; their commitme...
Courses: Gender and Communication; Health Communication Objectives: Upon completing this activity, students will be able to demonstrate the ways in which their voices and actions can be used to reduce gendered violence on their college or university campus.
Extant Facebook research focuses on how Facebook users develop and maintain relationships, while largely neglecting to identify specific communicative behaviors used to develop and maintain relationships through Facebook. Expressions of affection are, in part, used to maintain and develop relationships. Therefore, the purpose of this study was twof...
This study explored whether adult siblings engage in affectionate communication (i.e., verbal statements, nonverbal gestures, and social support behaviors) as one way to strategically and routinely maintain their relationships. Participants were 499 individuals who reported on a sibling relationship. It was found that adult siblings reported using...
The purpose of this study was to examine a theoretical model explaining the influence of instructor power (i.e., coercive, reward, legitimate, expert, referent) on students' relational and social influence communication behaviors (i.e., student affinity-seeking strategies, student behavior alteration techniques) across two cultures. Participants we...
This article presents the Instructional Beliefs Model which forwards that teacher behaviors, student characteristics, and course-specific structural issues combine to influence students' instructional beliefs. Through these instructional beliefs, the first-order variables influence student learning outcomes. Three studies were conducted to investig...
Courses: Family Communication, Health Communication Objectives: Students will create examples of affectionate communication when acting as healthcare providers or family members.
This study examined whether relational quality indicators (i.e., relationship satisfaction, commitment, control mutuality, liking, respect) predict romantic partners' use of negative relational maintenance behaviors (i.e., jealousy induction, avoidance, spying, infidelity, destructive conflict, allowing control) and whether love predicts the use of...
Using Perry's Theory of Ethical and Intellectual Development as a framework, the purpose of this study was to identify the extent to which dualist, multiplist, and contextual relativist students differ in their in-class participation behaviors (i.e., asking questions, being willing to talk in class, and exhibiting an involvement in classroom intera...
The purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which student motives for communicating with an instructor (i.e., relational, functional, participatory, excuse-making, and sycophancy) were associated with perceived instructor misbehaviors (i.e., incompetence, indolence, and offensiveness). Participants were 265 students who completed a quest...
This study examined grandchildren's use of relational maintenance behaviors when interacting with their grandparents and how these behaviors are associated with grandchildren's perceived communication satisfaction with their grandparents and grandparent provision of communication-based emotional support. Undergraduate students (N = 238) reported on...
Using a convenience sample, 172 college students' (M age = 20.2 yr., SD = 2.5) motives for communicating with their instructors and their own verbal aggressiveness and argumentativeness were studied using the Argumentativeness Scale, the Verbal Aggressiveness Scale, and the Student Motives to Communicate Scale. Significant negative relationships we...
Based on the typology posited by Kram and Isabella (1985) that identifies three peer relationships present in organizations (i.e., information, collegial, and special), this assessment examined the association between students' perceptions of their in-class group members and six group outcomes (i.e., grouphate, cohesion, relational satisfaction, co...
A growing body of research indicates that classroom justice concerns are important to students. When students perceive their instructors are not concerned about justice, they report a host of negative outcomes. Due to the importance of justice assigned to students, the present study sought to understand how instructors view justice. Results indicat...
The purpose of this study was to examine elderly sibling types' use of relational maintenance behaviors and their impact on relational quality (i.e., the frequency and positivity of sibling affect, behaviors, and cognition). Participants were 184 individuals older than 65 years of age who reported on their relationship with a living sibling. Result...
This study tested two models of instructor credibility as a potential mediator of instructors' prosocial communication behaviors (e.g., confirmation, clarity, and nonverbal immediacy) and students' learning outcomes. Participants included 1,416 undergraduate students from four different institutions across the United States. Results of structural e...
The purpose of this investigation was to identify the extent to which college students' self-reports of their in-class participation are related to their impressions of instructors (i.e., credibility, attractiveness, and homophily). Participants were 223 undergraduate students enrolled in an introductory communication course at a large Mid-Atlantic...
This study examines the extent to which Swedish (n = 103) and American (n = 113) college students’ cultural background influences their communicative attributes. Students’ communication apprehension, self-perceived communication competence, willingness to communicate, out-of-class communication with instructors, in-class participation, and motives...
This study examined the associations between students' self-reported verbal aggressiveness and argumentativeness and their perceptions of student BATs (Golish, 1999) as appropriate and effective as well as how likely they were to use each BAT. Participants were 187 undergraduate students enrolled in communication courses at a large Mid-Atlantic uni...
The purpose of this study was to examine how college students consider their instructors to (a) establish their credibility (i.e., character, caring, and competence) through their in-class self-disclosure and (b) enhance their credibility through their in-class self-disclosure. Participants (N = 67) were undergraduate college students who participa...
The purpose of this study was to identify the nagging behaviors college students report using with their instructors. One hundred and forty-four participants described instances in which they nagged instructors or instances in which they observed others nagging instructors. Students identified eight strategies for nagging instructors: the elicit st...
The purpose of this study was to identify the specific types of verbally aggressive messages emerging adult siblings use with each other and to determine whether these types of verbally aggressive messages differ in perceived hurtfulness, intensity, and intent. Participants were 115 individuals who identified a verbally aggressive message recently...
The purpose of this study was to examine whether early and middle adulthood siblings' use of relational maintenance behaviors (i.e., positivity, openness, assurances, networks, tasks) is predicted, after controlling for relational closeness, by their interpersonal communication motives (i.e., affection, inclusion, control, pleasure, relaxation, esc...
The purpose of this investigation was to examine the role that commitment plays in emerging adult sibling relationships. In the first study, 148 participants provided 436 examples of how they showed sibling commitment that were coded into 11 behavioral indicators of commitment. In the second study, 140 participants indicated the extent to which the...
A live lecture experiment was conducted where teacher confirmation was manipulated (i.e., not confirming, somewhat confirming, confirming) across three college courses. After the lecture, students completed a post test assessing positive (i.e., student communication motives, student participation) and negative (i.e., challenge behaviors) communicat...
This study tested two theoretical models of learner empowerment as a potential mediator of teacher power use and students' ratings of instruction. Participants included 1,416 undergraduate students from four different institutions in the United States. Results of structural equation modeling provided more support for the partial mediation model tha...
This study examined 128 working adults' attitudes of tolerance for disagreement, tolerance for ambiguity, and argumentativeness in relation to their dislike for working in a group. They completed the Revised Tolerance for Disagreement Scale, the Multiple Stimulus Types Ambiguity Tolerance Scale, the Argumentativeness Scale, and the Grouphate Scale....
Nagging is a persuasive tactic yet to be fully explored in instructional communication. Nagging involves an exchange in which a student makes persistent requests of an instructor who fails to comply. The purpose of the study was to examine student nagging behavior and, specifically, to examine nagging as a potentially face threatening act as part o...
The purpose of this study was to establish whether adult children's commitment, trust, and relational satisfaction are differentiated by their forgiveness stage (i.e., Stage 1, “Impact;” Stage 2, “Definition;” Stage 3, “Moving On”) in response to a parent's act of betrayal. Participants included 61 adult children who completed an online survey. Adu...
This study investigated the link between college students' perceptions of instructors' aggressive communication and students' involvement in and out of the classroom. Participants were 218 students enrolled in introductory communication courses. Results indicated that students' reports of instructor argumentativeness were not positively associated...
This study represents a preliminary investigation into emerging adults' (i.e., ages 18–25 years) use of relational maintenance behaviors with their parents and whether these behaviors are related to perceived commitment, trust, and control mutuality. Participants were 273 undergraduate students who completed a series of instruments in reference to...
This study explored commitment in the sibling relationship by examining whether sibling commitment (a) varies across the lifespan and (b) is associated with siblings' use of affectionate communication and communication-based emotional support. Participants were 448 individuals ranging in age from 18–92 who completed the Measure of Commitment scale...
The purpose of this study was to examine how an instructor's perceived use of argumentativeness and verbal aggressiveness affects students' perceptions of instructor credibility. Results indicate that students rated the instructor who was high in argumentativeness and low in verbal aggressiveness as higher in competence, character, and caring than...
The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of instructor in-class communicative behaviors on college student participation in out of class communication (OCC). Participants were 298 students enrolled in an introductory communication course at a Mid-Atlantic university who completed the Communication Functions Questionnaire, the modified Af...
Visits during office hours, conversations before or after class, and informal meetings on campus are regarded as out-of-class communication (OCC). This study looked at the relationship between students' communication traits and their OCC with their instructors. Students completed measures of their own communication apprehension, Talkaholicism, asse...
The purpose of this study was to examine whether perceived instructor credibility (i.e., competence, character, caring) differs based on instructor teaching philosophy. Participants were 244 students who read a short vignette describing an instructor with either a transmissive or a progressive teaching philosophy and completed the Measure of Source...
Citations
... Disciplinary instructional and communication education scholars should focus on advancing the research base of the basic course in ways that inform and thereby strengthen the course's impact and relevance within the institution and the discipline and with the stakeholders and communities that graduates of the basic course eventually will join. This is not to say that past research and researchers have not continued to attend to how the content in many basic communication courses focused on the communication skills organizations deem essential for prospective organizational employees to possess (Myers et al., 2021). However, those essential communication skills likely have become a moving target in light of the impact of contemporary communication technologies in today's organizations, and that reality calls for more contemporary scholarly examination. ...
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... Liking Given the assumption the student-instructor relationship is interpersonal, it is necessary to examine not only how much students perceive the instructor to care about them, but how much students perceive they will like the instructor (Martin & Dowson, 2009). Scholars argue multiple benefits exist when students like their instructor: students may engage more in class (Myers et al., 2018), may feel increased motivation (Frymier, 1994), or may experience increased affective learning (Frymier, 2016); therefore, instructors need to recognize strategies they can implement when sending technologically-mediated out-of-class communication to generate feelings of liking. ...
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... Relational turbulence theory (RTT; Solomon et al., 2016) posits that environmental or relational changes can promote polarized cognitions, emotions, and communication, which are associated with uncertainty and eventual turmoil within the relationship. For example, relational uncertainty is associated with emotional turmoil (McLaren et al., 2012), reduced satisfaction (Goodboy et al., 2020), and increased risk of dissolution (Lavner et al., 2012). The negative influence of relational uncertainty on relationship functioning is likely to increase relationship instability. ...
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... Real-world course design improves students' soft skills and job market employability (De Freitas et al., 2015). Online future relevance (OFR) is how students perceive their online course content and activities to help them achieve future career goals