Sarah L. Dowhower’s research while affiliated with Miami University and other places
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Scholars have amassed evidence that repeated reading of a text facilitates literacy for both regular and disabled readers. Findings are summarized from five different lines of research that support the effectiveness of repeated reading: (a) reading fluency and comprehension; (b) text‐processing strategies of good and poor readers; (c) repetitive listening, often called read‐alouds; (d) study skills; and (e) rereading during the writing process. It is argued that because of the strong evidence of the effectiveness of repeated reading, this procedure should not be an adjunct to classroom instruction—its many variations should be woven into the very fabric of daily literacy instruction. Specific suggestions for teacher implementation are given, particularly, although not exclusively, applications geared to children with reading problems.
The study was designed to investigate the effect of two repeated reading procedures on second-grade transitional readers' (Chall, 1983) oral reading performance with practiced and unpracticed passages. Seventeen transitional readers were selected on the basis of average or better decoding ability but below-average reading rate and were assigned to one of two types of repeated reading training, using either a read-along procedure or independent practice. Results showed that transitional readers' rate, accuracy, comprehension, and prosodic reading (reading in meaningful phrases) were significantly improved by repeated reading practice regardless of the training procedure employed. Gains in repeated reading of practiced passages transferred to unpracticed, similar passages; however, practice on a single passage was not as effective as practice on a series of passages. Prosodic reading was most facilitated by the read-along procedure. /// [French] Cette recherche veut étudier l'effet produit par deux procédés de lecture répétée sur les performances d'élèves de deuxième année ayant atteint un niveau de lecture dit transitionnel (lequel se réfère à la capacité de découpage des syllabes) lorsqu'ils doivent lire à haute voix certains passages déjà lus et certains inconnus. On a sélectionné 17 de ces lecteurs démontrant une habileté au décodage moyenne ou supérieure, mais une vitesse de lecture sous la moyenne. Ils ont été soumis à l'un des deux types d'apprentissage de la lecture répétée, soit un procédé de lire avec le voix d'un lecteur met en bande, soit la pratique individuelle. La vitesse de lecture, l'exactitude, la compréhension et l'intonation (à la lecture de phrases significatives) ont été grandement améliorées grâce à l'exercice de lecture répétée, peu importe le procédé utilisé. On a observé le transfert du progrès réalisé par la lecture répétée lors de passages connus sur des passages semblables mais inconnus. Toutefois, l'exercice avec un seul passage ne s'est pas révélé aussi efficace que l'exercice avec une série de passages. Le procédé de lecture en groupe permettait de lire avec une meilleure intonation. /// [Spanish] El estudio fue diseñado para investigar el efecto que dos procedimientos de lectura repetida tienen en la abilidad de lectura con pasajes practicados y no practicados en lectores transicionales de segundo año. Se seleccionaron 17 estudiantes transicionales en base de su habilidad superior o promedio para decodificar material combinada esta con una velocidad de lectura por debajo del promedio, y fueron asignados a uno de dos tipos de entrenamiento de lectura repetida, utilizando un procedimiento de lectura simultánea con la voz de un lector registrada en cinta, o práctica independiente. La velocidad de lectura, la exactitud, comprensión, y lectura prosódica (lectura en frases con significado) de los lectores transicionales mejoraron significativamente debido a la práctica de la lectura repetida independientemente del procedimiento de entrenamiento empleado. Las mejoras en la lectura repetida de pasajes practicados fue transferida a pasajes similares no practicados; con todo, la práctica de un solo pasaje no fue tan efectiva como la práctica de un serie de pasajes. La lectura simultánea con otro lector fue el procedimiento que más facilitó la lectura prosódica. /// [German] Diese studie wurde entworfen, um den Einfluß von zwei Wiederholungslesen-Vorgängen bei mündlichem Vorlesen von geübten und ungeübten Abschnitten bei Uebergangslesern im zweiten Schuljahr zu erforschen. Siebzehn Uebergangsleser wurden ausgewählt aufgrund von Durchschnitts- oder besserer Entzifferungsfähigkeit, jedoch aufgrund weniger als durchschnittlicher Lesefähigkeit, und diese wurden einer von den beiden Typen von Wiederholungslesen-Klassen zugeteilt, wobei entweder eine Zusammen-Lesen-Prozedur oder aber unabhängiges Lesen durchgeführt wurden. Die Leseschnelle, die Genauigkeit, das Verständnis und Silbenlesen (Lesen in logischen Sätzen) von Uebergangslesern wurde wesentlich verbessert durch wiederholtes Lesen, gleich welche Uebungsmethode benutzt wurde. Fortschritte in wiederholtem Lesen von geübten Abschnitten wurden auf ungeübte Abschnitte übertragen; allerdings war das Ueben eines einzelnen Abschnittes nicht so wirkungsvoll wie das Ueben einer Serie von Abschnitten. Silbenlesen wurde am meisten gefördert durch das Miteinander-Lesen.
Citations (3)
... Reading decoding skill refers to the effort and work required by students to decode written language orally (Allington, 1983;Samuels, 1979). The less developed this skill is, the more hesitations and inappropriate pauses interfere with students' oral reading (Dowhower, 1987). As students learn to read, inadequate pauses' frequency shifts progressively following a typical path: pause between syllables (syllabic reading), between words (word-by-word reading), and then between groups of words (short unit reading). ...
... • Maintaining an adequate speech cadence involves pacing speech at a rhythm (usually measured in words per minute) that is clear and engaging, avoiding both rapid, rushed delivery and overly slow, monotonous speech. This balanced cadence helps keep the audience's attention, making the presentation more dynamic and easier to follow (Dowhower, 1991). Novice presenters often struggle to control their speaking pace, usually speaking too fast (Domínguez et al., 2023). ...
... It is regularly performed by mature learners with a view to redirecting their cognitive efforts and attempts to achieve an entirely adequate understanding. For Dowhower (1989), "repeated reading as a study strategy increases factual retention" (p.503) as the reprocessing of the focused written text gives readers the opportunity to strengthen their weak comprehension and gain a thorough insight into the underlying included meaning. For instance, when readers do not understand the content or are slightly confused about the meaning of some portions of the text, they resort to rereading as an efficient first step to solve the comprehension problem that hinders their progress in textual processing (Msaddek, 2015). ...