Sarah Hartman-Caverly’s research while affiliated with Pennsylvania State University and other places

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Publications (9)


What is privacy pedagogy for? Situating privacy in the purpose of the university
  • Article

April 2025

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3 Reads

Sarah Hartman-Caverly

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to consider the contribution of privacy pedagogy to the role of the university. Design/methodology/approach This paper takes up two arguments; first, it puts forward Arendt’s characterization that the purpose of the university is to prepare a new generation for the responsibility of renewing the shared human world (2006a). Second, it applies Wharton et al. ’s (2023) philosophy of privacy pedagogy to the work of educating undergraduate students. This paper proposes that teaching about privacy as a “wicked problem” (Carcasson, 2017) under learning conditions that respect intellectual privacy (Richards, 2015) best prepares students for the deliberative engagement needed to renew the common world. Findings This conceptual paper concludes that conditions of intellectual privacy and academic freedom matter beyond the university setting because the work of the university is ultimately to critique, conserve, change and create the shared human world. Privacy pedagogy, with its dual emphasis on intellectual privacy as a condition of learning and privacy as a subject of inquiry, contributes to the university’s work of preparing students for deliberative engagement with wicked problems inherent in this work. Originality/value This paper situates privacy pedagogy within Arendt’s purpose of the university, to prepare a new generation to take responsibility for the shared human world. It discusses how privacy literacy education contributes to the purpose of the university by reinforcing intellectual privacy and academic freedom; fostering students’ capacity for dialogic thought and deliberation; and sustaining the private sphere to shelter plurality as a characteristic of the human condition and its possibility for renewal.


A Scoping Study of Ethics in Artificial Intelligence Research in Tourism and Hospitality
  • Chapter
  • Full-text available

January 2023

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370 Reads

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6 Citations

As e-tourism scholars advance innovative research on the use and study of artificially intelligent systems, it is important to reflect on how well we are advancing transformative philosophies which ask that emerging fields consider issues of ethics, power, and bias. We conduct a scoping study of review papers published between 2015–2021 to understand the extent to which ethical and social bias issues are identified and treated in AI research in tourism. Results suggest that the potential for ethical and bias issues in AI in tourism is high, but identification and treatment of these issues by tourism researchers is weak. We summarize key implications of this trend and offer suggestions for pursuing a research agenda which increasingly identifies and treats issues of ethics and bias when advancing research on artificial intelligence (AI) in tourism.

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Figure 1. Distribution of Exfiltration! scores.
Figure 2. Exfiltration! Challenge Completion Data, Use of Hints, and Exit Challenge.
Figure 3. Exfiltration! Difficulty and Enjoyment Ratings.
"The Da Vinci Code for IP Research": Case Study of a Course-Integrated Educational Escape Room for Entrepreneurship Education

August 2022

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82 Reads

Ticker The Academic Business Librarianship Review

Educational escape rooms can engage students in the development of information literacy skills while interacting with information formats and environments authentic to their disciplines. In business and entrepreneurship education, escape rooms offer the additional benefit of developing the characteristics of the entrepreneurial mindset, such as adaptive thinking, problem solving, enthusiasm, and decisiveness. This case study explores game-based learning for library instruction in entrepreneurship education. Using Eukel and Morrell’s (2021) escape room design cycle as a framework, it analyzes the development, testing, implementation, and results of an original escape room, Exfiltration! A Competitive Intelligence Virtual Escape Room, implemented as a course-integrated information literacy learning activity in an upper-level undergraduate new venture creation course. Limitations of the escape room are identified, and opportunities for iterative improvement are described. Recent scholarship on the application of entrepreneurial mindset, business research competencies, gamification, escape room pedagogy, and escape rooms in library instruction is discussed. This case study responds to the call from Taraldsen et al. (2020) for more small-scale studies of educational escape rooms outside of the STEM and health science disciplines.


Situating entrepreneurship education (EE) and hospitality management in this study
Sample equity map
“Food chemistry”: High-stakes experiential entrepreneurship education in a pop-up restaurant project

April 2022

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34 Reads

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3 Citations

Entrepreneurship Education

In response to ongoing philosophical and pedagogical debates in university-based entrepreneurship education (EE) research, this study offers a cross-disciplinary perspective of how hospitality management students experience a high-stakes, experiential entrepreneurship project. We present vignettes of dialogues, experiences, and interactions among “student-manager” members of a small group engaged in developing and implementing a real-world, fine dining pop-up restaurant. By triangulating our analysis of classroom observation data, social network maps, and student artifacts, we chronicle four vignettes of how students experience learning during ideation, design, launch, and evaluation modules. Theory–practice gaps, coping humor in load–overload states, and complex affective–cognitive interactions emerge as salient elements of high-stakes experiential EE. We discuss implications for learners and educators and put forward recommendations to inform and improve the design of cross-disciplinary models of experiential EE.


Privacy Literacy: From Doomscrolling to Digital Wellness

January 2022

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51 Reads

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17 Citations

portal Libraries and the Academy

Personal technology use can significantly impact wellness. The transition to widespread remote learning, working, and socializing during the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated society’s reliance on technology. This article presents a case study of how the authors applied their privacy scholarship to offer a responsive learning experience for students concerning the social implications of the pandemic. The article also explores the authors’ unique approach to digital wellness, which seeks to align wellness goals and habits regarding technology while placing a special emphasis on privacy, particularly information asymmetries, attention engineering, and the hidden harms of invasive data collection.


Long tail metaphysics: The epistemic crisis and intellectual freedom

November 2021

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84 Reads

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2 Citations

IFLA Journal

In reaction to the epistemic crisis, efforts to restrict free expression and access to information have not only failed to preserve the truth, but sometimes also suppressed it. Libraries’ commitment to intellectual freedom creates unique opportunities to deliver alternative solutions. By renewing the emphasis on intellectual freedom in core library functions like collections, education, and programming, libraries can provide the epistemic resources that patrons need amidst a broader context of distrust, manipulation, and censorship. This essay examines the epistemic crisis in the USA in light of intellectual freedom and the IFLA Statement on Libraries and Intellectual Freedom. Organized into three parts, this piece explores plurality as normative in the human condition, considers the impact of information and communications technology on free expression and the legitimacy of information institutions, and reconciles the emerging tensions by applying concepts from virtue epistemology to intellectual freedom. The essay concludes with considerations for library practice.


Privacy literacy instruction practices in academic libraries: Past, present, and possibilities

August 2020

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70 Reads

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21 Citations

IFLA Journal

This article explores the past, present, and possibilities of privacy and privacy literacy (PL) instruction in academic libraries. It surveys the scholarship on privacy and privacy literacy from the domains of philosophy, anthropology, history, law, education, and LIS. A privacy conceptual model is proposed demonstrating the zones of informational agency that privacy preserves, and a timeline of privacy and libraries documents key developments in privacy culture in the US. Findings from an original exploratory survey of privacy literacy instruction practices in academic libraries are discussed. The survey identifies the rationales, topics, contexts, methods, and assessments academic librarians use in delivering privacy literacy instruction, as well as barriers against privacy literacy that they encounter. The article concludes with a case study explicating the authors’ own privacy literacy instruction experiences, and specific recommendations for overcoming the barriers to delivering privacy literacy instruction in academic libraries identified in the survey findings.


Citations (5)


... Chi et al., 2018;Chisholm and Hartman-Caverly, 2023;Hartman-Caverly and Chisholm, 2020;Jones et al., 2019;Jones and Hinchliffe, 2023;Kumar et al., 2020;Pangrazio and Cardozo-Gaibisso, 2020;Pangrazio and Selwyn, 2018;Pingo and Narayan, 2019;Stoilova et al., 2020;Vitak et al., 2018) and to develop interventions like educational programs, workshops and games to help people engage in critical reflection about privacy and data flows(Chisholm and Hartman-Caverly, 2022;Hartman-Caverly et al., 2023;Pangrazio and Cardozo-Gaibisso, 2021; Raynes-Goldie and Allen, 2014). ...

Reference:

Orienting privacy literacy toward social change
Digital Shred: Case Study of a Remote Privacy Literacy Collaboration
  • Citing Article
  • January 2023

College & Research Libraries

... A number of museal experiences are created using VR/AR technology to attract diverse audience in order to learn about art and cultural significances. Milwood et al. (2023) observe the impact of AI on societies several topics such as privacy and bias, protection and transparency, dehumanization and sustainability, inclusion and safety and policy and legal matters. Tussyadiah (2020) points out the benefits and risks of intelligent automation that leads to decreasing quality of life in the society, especially in the tourist destinations. ...

A Scoping Study of Ethics in Artificial Intelligence Research in Tourism and Hospitality

... From an interdisciplinary perspective, the milkwood PA team discussed the problems through high-risk and experiential student innovation and entrepreneurship projects, and established an experiential interdisciplinary entrepreneurship teaching model including social networks, the relationship between theory and practice, and other elements. The results showed that the model could provide students with a more comprehensive and real entrepreneurial experience, Increase students' entrepreneurial experience (Milwood and Hartman-Caverly, 2022). ...

“Food chemistry”: High-stakes experiential entrepreneurship education in a pop-up restaurant project

Entrepreneurship Education

... Características das mídias sociaisNo ciberespaço, especialmente devido à lógica da economia da atenção, a atenção é vista como um recurso finito, valioso e escasso. Essa perspectiva levou os desenvolvedores de mídias sociais a adotarem o design persuasivo, uma abordagem de design que visa mudar e influenciar o comportamento dos usuários(Lopes, 2017;Chisholm;Hartman-Caverly, 2022;Lee;Johnson, 2022; Valtonen et al., 2019).No contexto das mídias sociais, o design persuasivo "[...] tem como objetivo induzir as pessoas a um estado atemporal de auto-esquecimento e empurrá-las para comportamentos automáticos e compulsivos, como o doomscrolling." (Chisholm; Hartman-Caverly, 2022, p. 64, tradução nossa). ...

Privacy Literacy: From Doomscrolling to Digital Wellness
  • Citing Article
  • January 2022

portal Libraries and the Academy

... Qualitative research, through interviews, classroom observation and other ways, deeply understands the specific implementation of the teaching process and its specific role in improving student's legal literacy. In terms of data collection, this study will distribute questionnaires to obtain college student's feelings, attitudes and self-assessment of legal literacy about inquiry-based teaching [5]. The questionnaire design will cover student's satisfaction with all aspects of inquiry teaching, their participation and their self-evaluation of the knowledge of the rule of law. ...

Privacy literacy instruction practices in academic libraries: Past, present, and possibilities
  • Citing Article
  • August 2020

IFLA Journal