September 2021
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The environmental and economic costs of greenery depend on the planning criteria adopted and on the plants used. These costs can become more sustainable and can also be significantly lowered by using native flora and getting inspired by local plant communities. Nature-based solutions entail the use of species that co-occur naturally, thus replicating a model of coexistence consolidated by the evolutionary coherence of the biosphere. Planning, using and (re-)producing – getting inspired by natural ecosystems – may foster the dissemination of ecological awareness, with gardens, avenues, rooftops, walls and balconies seen as spaces available for the urban reconciliation with nature. The Anthosart Green Tool may support these actions, as a freely accessible online tool dedicated to the species belonging to the Italian flora, by recognizing their value as environmental and cultural assets. This tool is designed for those who want to engage in greenery design work using wild species, discover their potentials in terms of ethnobotanical knowledge and seek out information on the species of the flora of Italy.
![Fig. 1. Look at the past time (1900-2010). Since 1960, the annual average of temperature (a) and the mean sea level (d) are increasing and the Artic sea ice extent is diminishing (c). Surface temperature and quantity of annual precipitations over land knew a variation illustrated in (b) and (e). From Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change; Fig. 1 = Figure 1.1., page SYR-83 [Core Writing Team, Pachauri, R.K. and Meyer, L. (eds.)]. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland. Reproduced with permission.](https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jean-Francois-Ponge/publication/320764384/figure/fig1/AS:556265915023360@1509635537344/Look-at-the-past-time-1900-2010-Since-1960-the-annual-average-of-temperature-a-and_Q320.jpg)
![Fig. 2. Comparing past (1986-2005) and future (2081-2100) times. The increasing trends in average surface temperature (a) and sea level (c) are very clear; the distribution of average precipitation shows an impoverishment of rain water in subtropical areas and an increase of it in equatorial and pole regions. The SE-Sahara region may benefit from higher precipitation, which seems in countertrend with the range observed between 1951 and 2010 (Fig. 1e). From Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change; Fig. 2 = Figure 2.2., page SYR-98 [Core Writing Team, Pachauri, R.K. and Meyer, L. (eds.)]. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland. Reproduced with permission.](https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jean-Francois-Ponge/publication/320764384/figure/fig2/AS:556265915863040@1509635537528/Comparing-past-1986-2005-and-future-2081-2100-times-The-increasing-trends-in-average_Q320.jpg)
![Fig. 3. Risk estimation for food production, in fishing (a) and agriculture (b) activities. From Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Fig. 3a = Figure 2.6 (a), page SYR 102; Fig. 3b = Figure 2.7, page SYR-103 [Core Writing Team, Pachauri, R.K. and Meyer, L. (eds.)]. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland. Reproduced with permission.](https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jean-Francois-Ponge/publication/320764384/figure/fig3/AS:556265915023361@1509635537733/Risk-estimation-for-food-production-in-fishing-a-and-agriculture-b-activities-From_Q320.jpg)
