S.E.I. Adam’s research while affiliated with Al-Neelain University and other places

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Publications (153)


Toxic Effect of Ipomoea carnea Leaves on Wistar Rats
  • Poster

December 2015

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7 Reads

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S.E.I. Adam

Toxic Effect of Ipomoea carnea Leaves on Wistar Rats


Effect of Combined Citrullus Colocynthis and Rhazya Stricta Use in Najdi Sheep

April 2012

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16 Reads

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9 Citations

The American Journal of Chinese Medicine

The effect of oral administration of 0.25 g/kg/day of Citrullus colocynthis fruits, 0.25 g/kg/day of Rhazya stricta leaves or mixture of the two plants at 0.25 g/kg/day of C. colocynthis fruits plus 0.25 g/kg/day of R. stricta leaves in Najdi sheep was examined. Oral administration of 0.25 g/kg/day of C. colocynthis fruits or 0.25 g/kg/day of R. stricta leaves for 42 days proved not fatal but that of the mixture of the two plants (0.25 g + 0.25 g/kg/day) proved fatal within 26 days with profuse diarrhea, dehydration, loss in condition, ataxia and recumbency, prior to death. These manifestations accompanied by enterohepatonephrotoxicity, gelatinization of the renal and epicardial fat and transudate in serous cavities were correlated with alterations in serum LDH and AST activities and concentrations of total protein, albumin, globulin, bilirubin, cholesterol and urea and hematology.


Comparative Toxicity of Trichodesma africanum and Rhanterium epapposum Aerial Parts Aqueous and Methanolic Extracts on Wistar Rats
  • Article
  • Full-text available

March 2012

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69 Reads

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9 Citations

Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology

The effects on rats of the aqueous and methanol extracts prepared from Rhanterium epapposum and Trichodesma africanum aerial parts, given at different dose levels (300, 75 mg/kg/day) and by different routes of administration (orally or intra muscularly (i.m.) were investigated. The results indicated that the plant extracts are toxic and lethal to rats by whatever route (oral or im) it was given. The characteristic features of toxicity from aerial parts of R. epapposum and T. africanum were hepatonephrotoxicity, leukocytosis due to lymphocytosis or leukopenia due to neutropenia and anaemia. The anaemia was macrocytic normochromic, as indicated by the high Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) and normal Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) values. These changes were evidenced by alterations in Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and in total protein, albumin, globulin, cholesterol and urea concentrations. The occurrence of myositis brought about by the plant methanol extract given via intra muscular route probably contributed to the increase in AST activity. As conclude that the two extracts of both plant were toxic in both routs of administration and that, their toxicity result from the fact they contain chemical compound capable of damaging tissues and cells.

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In vivo Study on Lead, Cadmium and Zinc Supplementations on Spermatogenesis in Albino Rats

February 2011

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79 Reads

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12 Citations

Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology

A.M. Abdella

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B.H. Elabed

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S.E.I. Adam

This study was designed to elucidate the mechanisms accounting for disruption of the normal spermatogenesis in the testis, exposed to various levels of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn). Forty two mature male Albino rats, were divided into six groups; group 1 treated with 100 mg Cd kg -1 diet, group 2 treated with 5 mg Pb kg -1 diet, group 3 with 50 mg Zn kg -1 diet, group 4 treated with mixture of 5 mg Pb +50 mg Cd kg -1 diet, group 5 treated with 50 mg Cd + 25 mg Zn kg -1 diet and group 6 treated with 5 mg Pb +25 mg Zn kg -1 diet for three month. Group 7 was kept as control. Significant increased (p<0.05), of both blood Cd and Pb with loss of both weight and hair associated with testicular enlargement in rats dosed with Cd and/or Pb in the diet. As a consequence these groups showed blockage of spermatogenesis at seminiferous tubules level, maturation arrest and proliferation of the sertoli cells. Where as the group treated with Zn, showed increased weight and increased number of germs cells and developing spermatide in the testicular level. The combined diet of Cd with Pb in one dose exacerbated the toxic action of these elements. While mixing of Zn with Cd and Pb reduced the toxicity of these elements and their effects on development of the germ cell and the proliferation of the sertoli cells.


Toxic Effects of Various Dietary Levels of Combined Cadmium Chloride and Zinc Chloride on Male Wistar Rats

January 2011

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16 Reads

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12 Citations

Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology

The present study was planned to elucidate the role of zinc in the modification of toxicity of cadmium with emphasis on vital organ dysfunction. Eighty, 3-months old male Wistar rats were fed cadmium chloride (CdCl2) and Zinc chloride (ZnCl2) mixture for 6 or 12 weeks. Group 2 (10 ppm CdCl2 + 4 ppm ZnCl2), group 3 (100 ppm CdCl2 plus 100 ppm ZnCl2) and group 1 was kept as control rats. The rats fed diet containing 10 ppm CdCl2 plus 4 ppm ZnCl2 of this mixture had the lowest growth rate after 12 weeks, but none of the rats died along the experimental period. Depression in growth, nephropathy, testicular injury and reduction in the size of the splenic white pulp were observed in group 2 and 3. Changes in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotranferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities were significant increased in group 2 and 3. Alteration in concentration of total protein, albumin, cholesterol and urea were observed within these two treated groups. At 12 weeks, the values of erythrocytic series in rats of group 2 and 3 did not change. However, the values of platelets were higher in rats in group 2 and 3 then control (group 1). The values of WBC were higher in group 2 than control and group 3 and those of lymphocytes were lower in group 2 and 3 than control rats (group 1). The result indicated that Zn did not reverse the negative effects of Cd in growth and in organs damage particularly the kidneys, testes and spleen. This damage probably contributed to the increase in AST, ALT and ALP activities and cholesterol and urea concentrations with decrease in total protein and albumin concentrations.


Antimicrobial Activity of Commiphora myrrha Against Some Bacteria and Candida albicans Isolated from Gazelles at King Khalid Wildlife Research Centre

January 2011

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447 Reads

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53 Citations

Research Journal of Medicinal Plant

Ethanolic and ether extracts of Commiphora myrrha were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against two Gram negative organisms (.Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa), two Gram positive organisms (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus albus) and fungi represented by Candida albicans isolated from gazelles held at King Khalid Wildlife Research Centre, Thumamah. The method used in evaluation of the antimicrobial activity was the two-layer agar diffusion method. The ethanolic extract of C. myrrha exhibited antimicrobial activity against the Gram negative organisms investigated together with S. albus. On the other hand, the ether extract showed antimicrobial activity against Gram positive organisms investigated and against Candida albicans, with the antifungal activity being greater. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the ethanolic extract against P. aeruginosa and E. coli was found to be 20 and 40 mg mL-1, respectively. While the minimum inhibitory concentration of the ether extract against both S. albus and C. albicans was found to be 10 and 40 mg mL-1 for B. subtilis, respectively.


Toxic Effect of Ipomoea carnea Leaves on Wistar Rats

January 2011

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73 Reads

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6 Citations

Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology

Ipomoea carnea is known as an ornamental hedge plant in Sudan. The leaves of ipomoea carnea were fed to male wistar rats at 2 and 10% of standard diet for 21 days. Locomotor disturbance, loss of hair and reflexes and interohepatonephropathy were observed in the rats fed a diet containing 10% I. carnea leaves, these changes were accompanied by leukocytosis, anemia and increases in serum aspartate Amino Transferase (AST) activity and urea concentration and by decreased albumin level. The effect on rats fed a diet containing 2% I. carnea leaves is less marked.





Citations (77)


... Los resultados de T. officinale son consistentes con reportes previos [32], a pesar de emplearse una concentración inferior a la reportada 1000-125 mg/mL frente a P. aeruginosa (12 mm), S. aureus (8mm) y E. coli (11 mm) por el método de perforación. Para P. sativum concuerda con un estudio previo [33], en el cual diferentes tipos de extractos (éter de petróleo, etanol y acuoso) presentan inhibición por el método de perforación frente a P. aeruginosa (13mm) y S. aureus (13 mm), y por el método de microdilución frente E. coli, de modo que es el extracto etanólico el de mayor actividad y el extracto acuoso el único que presenta actividad frente a E. coli. Asimismo, los resultados frente a S. aureus concuerdan con lo reportado por Luján García [34] mediante el método de microdilución, y cabe aclarar que este potencial no se evidencia para otros extractos, como n-hexano, diclorometano y metanol. ...

Reference:

Estudio fitoquímico y actividad antimicrobiana de plantas medicinales empleadas para el control de infecciones urinarias
Antimicrobial Activity of Petroselinum sativum and Coriandrum sativum Seeds
  • Citing Article
  • April 2006

Research Journal of Microbiology

... The molecular formula of TMPD is C9H17NO as mentioned by manufactured company (sigma Aldrich) , the only things that noticed atom nitrogen that mean TMPD classified chemically as alkaloids (11) Our experiments assess developing sings of decrease food consumption, tremors, locomotor disturbance and weakness after short time of exposure the rats for TMPD, and this regarded due to hepatotoxicity and don't regarded as neurological sings due to absence of histopathological changes in brain and absence significant changes in weight loss (12) . This was differ from ewes toxicated by locoweed plants; it was suffering from significant weight loss , due to effects of locoweed plants on autonomic ganglia of neuron and this lead to decrease intestinal motility , further more reducing digestion and passage of food (13) . ...

Toxic Effect of Ipomoea carnea Leaves on Wistar Rats
  • Citing Article
  • January 2011

Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology

... It is a forage plant grazed on by camel and sheep in the desert, widely distributed in Saudi Arabia mainly in the northern region [3,4], Kuwait [5], north-eastern parts of the United Arab Emirates [6], and Sudan [7]. Traditionally, Rhanterium epapposum is used for gastrointestinal disturbances and skin infections and as an insecticide in Asia and Africa [8], and has a potent antioxidant activity [9]. The general pharmacology and toxicity of Rhanterium epapposum have been previously reported [7]. ...

Comparative Toxicity of Trichodesma africanum and Rhanterium epapposum Aerial Parts Aqueous and Methanolic Extracts on Wistar Rats

Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology

... Cadmium is known to be a toxic heavy metal that can cause damage to various organs and systems in the body, which could contribute to weight loss. In a study where Wistar rats were fed with combined levels of Cadmium chloride and zinc chloride, it was observed that the rats had the lowest growth rate after 12 weeks (Rhman et al., 2011). This suggests that the effects Cadmium chloride can lead to a decrease in body weight. ...

Toxic Effects of Various Dietary Levels of Combined Cadmium Chloride and Zinc Chloride on Male Wistar Rats
  • Citing Article
  • January 2011

Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology

... Potassium bromate in this case can be said to have body weight reduction capabilities. Abdel et al. [28] also reported weight loss in KBrO 3 -administered rats. However, the weight gain observed in EECLOR-treated rats point to the weight enhancing ability of the extract. ...

Toxicologic Interaction of Potassium Bromate and Allium cepa, Allium sativum or Sodium Selenite in Wistar Rats

Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology

... Hence, the animals that consume 21% CCR, had the least RBC value. According to Ibrahim et al. (2007) decrease in RBC was due to materials found in cumin which cause derangement of haemopoietic process of the body. Cumin does not directly affect the blood cells as Kitajima et al. (2003) observed that cumin improved anaemia which occurs due to increase in non-enzymatic glycosylation in membrane proteins of RBC in diabetics and via reduction of lipid peroxidation in RBC haemolysis and thus does not affect RBC level directly. ...

A 9-week Feeding Study of Cuminum cyminum and Hibiscus sabdariffa in Bovans Chicks

Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology

... Patients with oligospermia and asthenospermia show low levels of zinc in their seminal plasma and serum, which has a negative effect on serum testosterone concentration [22]. In animal experiments, zinc supplementation was found to promote the regeneration of spermatogenic cells and Leydig cells, thereby improving sperm quality and promoting spermatogenesis in rats exposed to lead and cadmium [2]. In this experiment, in order to explore the role of zinc homeostasis and whether zinc supplementation has a protective effect on reproductive injury in the TG-induced rats, male rat reproductive injury model was constructed by 4-week intragastric administration with TG. ...

In vivo Study on Lead, Cadmium and Zinc Supplementations on Spermatogenesis in Albino Rats

Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology

... Inhibiting acetylcholinesterase causing to death usually by asphyxiation [7,8]. Pesticides are produced under very strict legislation processes with very little impact on mammals and the environment but because of a high degree of toxicity they can accumulated in agricultural crops and create a health risk for human [9][10][11]. To reduce the exposure of human to adverse or intakes of pesticides and improve agricultural management, some countries and international organizations have determined the Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) for foodstuffs. ...

Effect of Various Levels of Dietary Malathion on Wistar Rats

Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology

... Table 1 provides a description, without any order of preference, of the studies included in this systematic review. Six studies (22)(23)(24)(26)(27)(28) had an experimental design (four in vivo studies, one in vitro study and one that used both in vivo and in vitro methods); two were cross-sectional (20,25); and one (21) used a mixed approach (combining cross-section survey and experimental analysis). All of them considered the impact of millets on thyroid function. ...

Effect of Feeding Pearl Millet (Pennisetum typhoides), Potassium Iodate or Their Mixture to Nubian Goats
  • Citing Article
  • February 2007

Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology

... On the contrary, many investigators reported that KBrO 3 reduce the body weight [4,14] . Depression in body weight gain and the occurrence damage to vital organs could explain the loss in body weight [20] . The difference between our results and above researchers maybe because various in dose and period of administration. ...

Effects of Various Levels of Dietary Potassium Bromate on Wistar Rats
  • Citing Article
  • July 2007

Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology