S. Subhadrabandhu's research while affiliated with Kasetsart University and other places

... Soil application of paclobutrazol induces precocious flowering in young trees and promotes early flowering in bearing trees (Kulkarni, 1988). Inflorescence becomes visible within 2.5 to 4 months after the application of paclobutrazol depending on cultivar (Junthasri et al., 2000). PP333 (paclobutrazol) enhances the flower and fruit production in mango (Anbu et al., 2002). ...

... Flood tolerance of grafted fruit trees is mainly determined by the rootstock [11,12]. Although the flooding-tolerant species of wild mango relatives has been found [13], the mechanism of tree death under flooding cannot be explained. ...

... Thus, KClO 3 has now been widely used in longan production. Fresh longan fruits are currently available in local markets in Thailand all year round due to the application of KClO 3 (Subhadrabandhu and Yapwattanaphun, 2000). ...

... The crop is grown commercially from latitude 17 to 32 and is usually found at low elevation in the subtropics and from 300 to 600 m in tropical locations (Menzel and Simpson 1994). China is the leading producer of lychee worldwide but the local demand is so strong that the country imports fresh fruit during the off-season (Huang et al. 2005); other countries such as India, Vietnam, Thailand, Pakistan, and countries in Central America and Africa also produce this fruit commercially for domestic and export markets (Altendorf 2018). The edible portion of the lychee fruit is a fleshy, translucent white sarcotesta, which contains 17% to 20% total soluble solids surrounding a single ovoid to oblong glossy dark-brown seed (Goenaga et al. 2016;Subhadrabandhu and Stern 2005). ...

... Durian is one of the unique fruits to Southeast Asia [1] where the genetic centre of the genus Durio is in Borneo. A total of 19 species are distributed and some minor species are cultivated on a small scale [2]. Out of 19 species found in Borneo, 14 durian species are found in Sabah [3]. ...

... Paclobutrazol has been commercially used throughout the tropics to control vegetative growth and stimulate flowering for several fruit crops such as apple (Zhu et al., 2004), pummelo (Phadung et al., 2011), apricot (Arzani and Roosta, 2004), and mango (Singh and Ram, 2000;Yaowara at el., 2017). In the recent years, many reports showed that application of PBZ by soil drenching or foliar spray to mango trees can cause reduction of vegetative growths, inhibits gibberellin biosynthesis, and induces water-stress tolerance as well as increases total non-structural carbohydrates (TNC) to induce flowering (Subhadrabandhu et al., 1997;Suranant et al., 1999;Gollagi et al., 2019). The application of flower induction is one of the key factors that may influence the growth, yield, and the quality of the mango trees. ...

... Some reports suggested an induction effect of ABA (Qumaruddin et al. 1993), although there are studies showing ABA does not play such a role (Johansen et al. 1986). Free-form ABA and ABA-like inhibitors in flower buds have been shown to be high at the onset of dormancy and then sharply decrease in the following two weeks (Pongsomboon et al., 1990). The application of ABA to terminal and lateral buds inhibits their release from the dormancy (White and 456 Mansfield 1977), which suggests a role of ABA in dormancy maintenance. ...

... Because ethylene can induce flowering in pineapple (Zeiger, 1998), thus most researchers are interested in using exogenous ethylene for flower induction and some inhibitor to reduce leaf flushing in some fruit trees such as lychee. For example Chaitrakulsub et al. (1992) found that the chemical treatments, ethephon and paclobutrazol, promoted flowering about three times more than control tree and controlled trees flushed leaf much more than untreated tree, while leaf flushing on the treated trees had very few flushes. Thus ethylene may be related to induce flowering and vegetative flushes in marian plum as shown in Figure 2. ...

... A numbers of diverse chemicals that have growth regulating properties in plants have been tested for promoting/inhibiting flower production in mango in different countries (Chacko, 1991). It has been demonstrated that foliar spray of aqueous solutions of potassium nitrate (Sergent et al., 2000;Astudillo and Bondad, 1978) and Thiourea (Tongumpai et al., 1997;Nartvaranant et al., 2000) can induce flowering in certain varieties of mango. Besides increasing flowering rates, potassium nitrate can also advance the flowering and fruiting period of mango (Nagao and Nishina, 1993). ...

... The flower panicle emerges from January to the end of February. Before floral bud initiation, the twig produces vegetative growth that subsequently throws a reproductive bud in the form of a racemose panicle (Menzel et al. 2000;Subhadrabandhu and Yapwattanaphun 2001;Stern and Gazit 2003;Menzel and Waite 2005). Litchi bears a determinate panicle either terminally or axillarily composed of several branches produced on the current season's wood. ...