S. Murakami’s research while affiliated with Tohoku University and other places

... Similarly, even advanced multidirectional anisotropic radiation measurements based on radiometer arrays [86][87][88][89]or panoramic spectral imaging [90][91][92] assume the human body to be a point, sphere, or cylinder. A realistic three-dimensional body shape is the basis of human-centric radiation simulations; however, these have predominantly investigated indoor settings [53,58,[93][94][95][96][97][98][99][100][101][102][103][104] with only a few recent efforts focused on outdoor locations [75,77]. Critically, currently, there are no experiments quantifying radiative fluxes across the human body for benchmarking such simulations (i.e., the few notable ...

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Resolving shortwave and longwave irradiation distributions across the human body in outdoor built environments

... A coupled approach of convection, radiation, and conduction for the three-dimensional outdoor thermal environment was first initiated by Yoshida et al. based on a self-edited program [34]. They compared the results of simulations with field measurements from a northern part of Tokyo. ...

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Quantitative Study of Using Piloti for Passive Climate Adaptability in a Hot-Summer and Cold-Winter City in China

... For each small surface, various factors were considered, including solar radiation, sky radiation, longwave radiation between the surface and other surfaces, convective heat transfer and latent heat transfer between the surface and ambient air, and conduction heat transfer through the surface. The shape factor was calculated by the Monte Carlo method [38,39] and the radiative heat transfer was calculated by Gebhart's absorption factor [40]. Due to the different absorptivity under shortwave and longwave radiation, the values of Gebhart's absorption factor were also different, so each surface was calculated separately. According to the former studies [34,41,42], and considering the above heat transfer, the urban surface temperature can be reproduced well. ...

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Influence of Building Density on Outdoor Thermal Environment of Residential Area in Cities with Different Climatic Zones in China—Taking Guangzhou, Wuhan, Beijing, and Harbin as Examples

... The governing equations of RANS are solved based on the finite volume method 249 (FVM) with the application of the general-purpose CFD software package Fluent 250 2020R2. To examine the applicability of the inflow conditions for modeling twisted 251 wind profiles, the standard k-ε model (Jones and Launder, 1972), realizable k-ε model 252 (Shih et al., 1995), Renormalization Group k-ε model (RNG) (Yakhot and Orszag,253 1986), MMK model (Kondo et al. 1994(Kondo et al. , 1995 and Shear Stress Transport (SST) k-ω 254 model (Menter, 1997) ...

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RANS simulations of aerodynamic forces on a tall building under twisted winds considering horizontal homogeneity

... In addition, this review paper focused only on journal papers which are prepared in English language but surely, valuable studies on CFD urban microclimate analysis have been published in the past as conference papers (e.g. [386][387][388]) or in other languages (e.g. [389,390]). ...

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A review on the CFD analysis of urban microclimate

... It is common knowledge that trees can provide relief from high wind speeds [9]. Researchers in Ni- igata, Japan, have shown via extensive numerical analysis that planting trees near pedestrian walkways can reduce wind speeds to below 70% of what would otherwise be observed [10,11]. ...

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Pedestrian-level wind conditions around buildings for wind comfort assessment

... The numerical results of v rms /v max have also an agreeable trend with the experimental data of Miyamoto and Okayama [28] at a Grashof number (Gr) of 4.84 × 10 10 . On the other hand, the peak of u rms /v max appears in the outer region and agrees well with Kato et al. [29] who used a Laser Doppler anemometer to measure the air velocity. Tsuji and Nagano [25] at Gr = 8.44 × 10 10 used a hot wire measurement technique for the velocity, which provides larger fluctuations in the buoyant sub-layer. ...

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Large eddy simulation of transition of free convection flow over an inclined upward facing heated plate

... Several numerical and experimental studies on the traditional wall-return system showed that contaminant particle sizes smaller than 4.5 µm in diameter having no gravitational sedimentation effect on the diffusion [13][14][15]. Kato et al., [16]. Presented a technique for balancing the supply and exhaust airflow rates at the ceiling. ...

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Numerical Investigation of using FDCU on Temperature Distribution in Non-Unidirectional Cleanrooms

... Consequently, a total of 2,530 papers were collected (e.g. Murakami, 1987Murakami, ,1991 . Out of the papers collected, the following four categories of basic information were extracted: (1) title, (2) author name(s), (3) journal title, and (4) year of publication, and furthermore, the following seven items were extracted as analysis information: (5) room volume, (6) the number of cells, (7) turbulence model, (8) analysis code, (9) the scheme of convective term, (10) algorithms, and (11) boundary condition. ...

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A Bibliographic Survey of Number of Cells Needed in CFD Analysis of Room Air Flow

... Subsequent numerical studies confirmed the superiority 67 of TcAF through the analysis of the spatial bacterial-carrying-particles (BCPs) concentration 68 [11,12]. The existing literature suggests that TcAF can serve as an alternative to traditional and visitation frequency [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. These metrics serve to evaluate two main aspects of 81 ventilation: air replacement and contaminant removal. ...

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Ventilation performance evaluation of an operating room with temperature-controlled airflow system in contaminant control: A numerical study