S. M. Afonin’s research while affiliated with Moscow State Institute of Electronic Engineering and other places

... An electroelastic engines based on electroelasticity with piezoelectric and electrostriction effects are used for micro and nano displacement in applied bionics and biomechanics in adaptive optics, scanning microscopy, ring quantum generator, for the actively dampen mechanical vibrations, for penetration to a cells and for the works with a genes. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] An electroelastic engine is applied in adaptive optics systems for phase corrections in an interferometer to adjust maximum of the interference image. In scanning probe microscopy, an image of a surface is formed using an electroelastic engine to scan an object. ...

Reference:

Structural scheme of electroelastic engine micro and nano displacement for applied bionics and biomechanics