S Gershon’s research while affiliated with The Graduate Center, CUNY and other places

... The statistically higher 5-HT 2A binding index in the cortical regions confirms the involvement of the serotonergic system in impulsive-aggressive behaviour. In so far as methodological differences do not preclude the following comparisons, these results are in line with the higher levels of 5-HT 2A receptor binding measured with PET in impulsiveaggressive human patients (Rosell et al. 2010;Soloff et al. 2007) and with postmortem findings in the brain of suicide victims (Arango et al. 1990;Arora and Meltzer 1989;Stanley et al. 1983). The increased 5-HT 2A receptor binding index could be the consequence of a reduced presynaptic availability of serotonin resulting in reduced synaptic serotonin concentration and therefore leaving more postsynaptic receptors available for radioligand binding or a compensatory up-regulation of the number of postsynaptic 5-HT 2A receptors. ...

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Brain SPECT in the impulsive aggressive dog

... The calcium pumps in the gut act to enhance the entry of Ca 2+ from the swallowed medium, and therefore inhibition of their activity is expected to result in a lower fQ n @BULLET In contrast, the calcium pumps in the rectum act to reabsorb Ca 2+ that has been excreted in the urine by the Malpighian tubules, and therefore inhibition of their activity might be expected to result in a higher Kout. Effects of Li + on Ca 2+ transport are of some importance in biological psychiatry in view of the therapeutic role of Li + in the treatment of affective disorders (Shopsin & Gershon, 1978). Although Li + is widely used in psychiatry, its mode of action has not yet been elucidated. ...

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Lithium attenuates the active transport of calcium in the larva of Aëdes aegypti

... Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia (Cerejeira et al., 2012;Tible et al., 2017;van der Flier & Scheltens, 2005). Studies of dementia have traditionally focused on cognitive changes (Hooker et al., 2002), while these cognitive changes are associated with other neuropsychiatric symptoms (Fisher et al., 2012;Siegel & Gershon, 1987). Alzheimer's disease is usually associated with other comorbid disorders such as depressive disorders, psychotic disorders, alcohol use, anxiety disorders, as well as behavioral problems (Poblador-Plou et al., 2014;Ravetz, 1999;Steinberg et al., 2008). ...

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Validation study of the Persian version of behavioral pathology in Alzheimer’s Disease Rating scale (BEHAVE-AD) and the empirical BHAVE-AD (E-BEHAVE-AD)

... However, cortisol and dexamethasone "super-induce" IDO in IFNG-primed human astrocytoma cells and native human astrocytes [15]. Since aging is characterized by elevated cortisol production due to dis-inhibition of the HPA axis [16][17][18][19], and by increased IFNG production [7], activation of both IDO and TDO might contribute to high risk of depression in the elderly [20]. On the other hand, decrease of TDO activity during an immune response in human astrocytoma cells and in native human astrocytes occurs concomitantly with IDO induction, suggesting a coordinate shift in TRY metabolism from the liver to extrahepatic tissues [21]. ...

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Interferon-gamma - Inducible Inflammation: Contribution to Aging and Aging-Associated Psychiatric Disorders

... Cognitive decline is a common phenomenon associated with normal aging and is getting a lot of attention among clinicians. Some of the earlier labels such as "benign senescent forgetfulness," [4] "age-associated memory impairment" (AAMI) [5], "ageassociated cognitive decline" (AACD) [6], and "age-related cognitive decline" [7] are frequently used to describe the deterioration in cognition. ...

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Mild Cognitive Impairment: An Overview

... Previous studies have suggested the utility of vari ous measures as predictors of relapse (Lieberman and Kane 1986c). The most promising of these are measures of central nervous system (CNS) dopamine (DA) activ ity including plasma prolactin levels (PRL) (Brown et al. 1981;Zander et al. 1981;Wistedt et al. 1982;Lieber man et al. 1986a), growth hormone response to DA agonist stimulation (Cleghorn et al. 1983;Mueller Spahn et al. 1984;Lieberman et al. 1986), plasma neu roleptic levels (Brown et al. 1982;Brown et al. 1985;Marder et al. 1987), pHV A (Davidson et al. 1991) and behavioral response to DA agonist stimulation (van Kammen et al. 1982;Davidson et al. 1987;Lieberman et al. 1987b;Angrist et al. 1981). The latter line of inves tigation is based on the fi.nding originally demonstrated by Janowsky et al. (1973) and Angrist et al. (1980) that a single or brief administration of a DA agonist can in duce psychotic symptoms in schizophrenics in doses that would not induce psychosis in normal subjects (Lie berman et al. 1987a). ...

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Methylphenidate Response, Psychopathology and Tardive Dyskinesia as Predictors of Relapse in Schizophrenia

... It has been shown that the lithium ion has thera peutic effects, especially in affective disorders (Ger shon and Goodnick, 1981). Several researchers have documented the effect of this ion on the rate of serotonin synthesis (Sheard and Aghajanian, 1970;Perez-Cruet et aI., 1971;Knapp and Mandell, 1973;Mandell and Knapp, 1979). ...

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A New Method to Measure Brain Serotonin Synthesis In Vivo. II. A Practical Autoradiographic Method Tested in Normal and Lithium-Treated Rats

... As noted in [5], this suggests that the mindfulness approach may be equally useful for patients receiving pharmacotherapy and those who do not. As with treatment studies comparing imipramine and alpra-zolam [32,33] and a study comparing three nonpharmacological therapies [34], both GAD and panic disorder patients responded equally well to the SR&RP intervention. ...

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Three-Year Follow-up and Clinical Implications of a Mindfulness Meditation-Based Stress Reduction Intervention in the Treatment of Anxiety Disorders

... Each experimental day condition consisted of two intraperitoneal injections separated by 30 min: trazodone or vehicle control first at $9:00 AM followed by taltirelin (0.1 or 1.0 mg/kg) or vehicle control at $9:30 AM. The timings of drug administrations were selected based on pharmacokinetic data that peak plasma concentrations were occurring during the recording period (37,40,42). Data were collected over 5 h postinjection ($10:00 AM to $3:00 PM). ...

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Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone Analog as a Stable Upper Airway-Preferring Respiratory Stimulant with Arousal Properties

... Although it may be assumed that active and placebo treatments were administered in identical or matched capsules, this was explicitly stated in only 37 (45%) of published reports (see table 2). Six trials documented characteristics of the drug dispensed to participants: four provided details of the container in which the drugs were dispensed [42,76,86,110], while two described the colour of the drug [46,75]. Dose frequency was reported in 47 (57%) of the trial papers (see table 2), with a higher proportion (71%) in the escitalopram studies than in the Walsh cohort (56%). ...

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Exploratory Review of Placebo Characteristics Reported in Randomised Placebo Controlled Antidepressant Drug Trials