January 1994
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11 Reads
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Publications (23)
January 1994
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8 Reads
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1 Citation
January 1987
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8 Reads
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11 Citations
August 1984
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5 Reads
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10 Citations
Environmental Entomology
Cage studies were conducted in the field in order to evaluate the effectiveness of entomophagous arthropods in reducing noctuid pest populations in soybeans. First and second-stage noctuid larvae were distributed randomly on soybean plants and exposed to single predator species and predator complexes for 4 to 9 days. In tests with single species in which densities of adult predators and prey varied, Oxyopes salticus Hentz took 7.4 larvae, Nabis roseipennis Reuter took 6.2 larvae, Geocoris punctipes (Say) consumed up to 3.4 larvae, Pardosa spp. took 3.3 larvae, and Lebia analis Dejean took 1.8 larvae per adult before larvae became too large for the predators to consume. When noctuid larvae at densities of 30 to 180 per cage were exposed to two complexes of predators, the number of prey taken by each complex was positively correlated with prey density. Slopesof regression lines revealed the complexes of predators consumed 0.26 and 0.47 larvae/week for each larva placed on caged plants. This study provides additional evidence that predaceous arthropods are of economic value to soybean growers.
January 1984
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83 Reads
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10 Citations
Five small-plot tests with a nuclear polyhedrosis virus of the velvctbean caterpillar, Anticarsia gemmatalis Hubner, were conducted in soybeans in South Carolina during 1979 and 1980. Virus rates ranging £rom 5 to 40 larval equivalents {LE)/ha were tested and compared with an insecticide standard (carbaryl at 560 g AUha). Control of A. gemmatalis larvae ranged from 59.3 to 86.4% at 14 d post-application with rates of 20 LE/ha. Control levels were not increased by the higher rate of 40 LE/ha. and application rates of less that 20 LE were less effective. After 21 d, control was generally higher in virus treatments than after 14 d. Soil bioassayed from lest areas receiving virus applications indicated that low levels of virus were present in the soil. Levels of virus capable of causing 13% mortality in bioassayed A. gemmalalis larvae were detected from a location 16 months after application. However, naturally-occurring A. gemmatolis larvae collected rrom these locations the year after virus applications showed no symptoms or mortality due to virus infections.
December 1983
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101 Reads
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9 Citations
Environmental Entomology
The biology and host suitability of the gregarious pupal parasitoid Pediobius sp. near facialis (Giraud) was studied in the laboratory, using the soybean looper, Pseudoplusia includens (Walker), as host. A Pediobius female, after a preoviposition period of 84 h, parasitized an average of 8.0 prepupae during a mean life span of 17 days. Females were most fecund their first 3 days postemergence. A host pupa produced an average of 54.3 adult progeny; number of progeny developing in a host significantly affected development time of these progeny. Mean developmental time from oviposition to adult emergence was 22.3 days at 26.7°C. Females and males lived 12.6 and 12.5 days, respectively, at 26.7°C. Pediobius sp. successfully developed in pupae of three noctuids, Trichoplusia ni (Hübner), Heliothis zea (Boddie), and Plathypena scabra (F.), a tortricid, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens), and an ichneumonid, Microharops bimaculata (Ashmead).
August 1983
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185 Reads
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12 Citations
Environmental Entomology
Apanteles ruficrus (Haliday), a gregarious braconid parasitoid, was reared from Chrysodeixis argentifera collections taken in Queensland, Australia, and imported into the United States, where laboratory studies were conducted to determine its basic biology. A. ruficrus prefers 3-day-old larvae of the soybean looper, Pseudoplusia includens Walker, and develops in the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni Hübner, and the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith). It attacks at least four other lepidopterous larvae. Mean developmental time from oviposition to larval emergence is 13.2 days at 28°C. Pupal development time ranges from 3 to 6 days. Mated adult males and females live about 20 and 18 days, respectively, whereas nonmated males live 18 days and females 20 days.
February 1981
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7 Reads
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15 Citations
Environmental Entomology
Thirty-three species of parasites were reared from four species of lepidopterous larvae. Larvae collected from insect resistant and susceptible soybeans showed no differences in insect parasitism. Hosts and parasitism levels for 1976 and 1977 respectively were: green cloverworm, Plathypena scabra (F.), 11.2 and 8.5%; corn earworm, Heliothis zea (Boddie), 1.2 and 5.7%; soybean looper, Pseudoplusia includens Walker, 9.7 and 16.0%; and velvetbean caterpillar, Anticarsia gemmatalis Hubner, 0.4 and 1.9%. The most prevalent parasite reared from P. scabra, H. zea and P. includens was Apanteles marginiventris (Cresson). P. includens was a new host record for A. marginiventris. Meteorus autographae (Vier.) was the most prevalent parasite of A. gemmatalis. P. scabra was the only host exhibiting lower population levels in the insect resistant ED73-37l than in the susceptible soybean variety ‘Bragg’.
January 1981
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7 Reads
June 1980
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18 Reads
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25 Citations
Environmental Entomology
Two applications of the fungicides Benlate®, Du Ter®, and Bravo®, and Benlate in combination with carbaryl were made to soybean. Infection of lepidopterous larvae by the entomogenous fungus Nomuraea rileyi (Farlow) Samson was inhibited to some degree by application of Benlate ®, Du Ter®, and Bravo®. Bravo caused the most inhibition followed by Bentlate and Du Ter respectively. In one instance the combination of Benlate + carbaryl was more disruptive to N. rileyi than either chemical alone. Inhibition was greatest when pesticide application coincided with the early stages of N. rileyi epizootics.
Citations (19)
... fungi are probably the principle biotic regulators of lepidopterous pest populations in South Carolina soybean. Nomuraea rileyi (Farlow) Samson and Entomophthora spp. rank 1st and 2nd in incidence of these naturally occurring microbial control agents (Carner et at. 1975). In light .of the impartance .of these fungal pathagens, it is not surprising that entomologists have become concerned over the use of the fungicides Benlate ® and Mertect ® to control foliage diseases of soybean. This concern has been prompted by evidence showing that fungicides adversely affect entomogenous fungi and thereby allow inc ...
- Citing Article
January 1975
... Also sampling for Mexican bean beetle larvae is costly and time consuming. For example, to sample a one m section of soybean row at R3 and R6 stages and counting all Mexican bean beetle instars, requires an average of 8 min to complete each sample (Turnipseed and Shepard 1980). An alternative to avoid these sampling problems is to establish economic thresholds based on numbers of eggs, rather than larval numbers or levels of defoliation. ...
- Citing Chapter
January 1980
... The amount of injury caused by an insect pest to a crop plant depends on the feeding habit of the pest species, the size of its population, and the capacity of the plant to withstand the type and amount of injury that results from the species feeding habit and population size. Under natural conditions, low levels of herbivory may have a positive effect on plants (Hawkes and Sullivan, 2001;Kozlov and Zvereva, 2017) but intense herbivory on crops usually causes significant yield reduction or reduction in product quality (Mitchell et al., 2016;Kogan and Turnipseed, 1980). Pest population size is regulated by many biotic and abiotic factors, one of the most important being the adequacy of a plant as host for the insect pest. ...
- Citing Chapter
January 1980
... abdomen shorter than thorax, slender at base, broad on the third tergite; first dorsal abdominal plate slender, narrowing strongly to apex, where it is much narrower than at base, roughly punctate and rugulose, which is elevated and highly polished. (Marsh, 1979); Noctuidae: Leucania lati uscula (Marsh, 1979); Peridroma saucia (Crumb, 1929); Pro torthodes smithii (Graham, 1965); Pseudaletia unipuncta [Medicago sativa] (Marsh, 1979); Pseudoplusia includens [Glycine max] (McCutcheon and Turnipseed, 1981); Syngra pha epigaea (Graham, 1965). ...
- Citing Article
February 1981
Environmental Entomology
... Similarly, the prevalence of polyhedrosis disease in Heliothis virescens larvae (5-50% virus-induced mortality) was directly related to the quantities of OBs applied to soil (1 × 10 1 -1 × 10 5 OB/g) one month prior to planting cotton in a greenhouse experiment [98]. However, the presence of viable OBs in the soil does not invariably result in disease in the host population on plants [99]. As will become apparent, OB transport to the host plant depends on a complex interaction between soil OB density and depth, soil type, weather conditions, plant height, associated vegetation and the local arthropod fauna. ...
- Citing Article
- Full-text available
January 1984
... After mid-grain filling (R6) yield sensitivity to defoliation declines, causing the same intensity of defoliation less yield reductions (between 40% and 20%), mostly due to grain weight reductions. 11,12 Besides, severe rates of defoliation (above 70%) at the beginning of the filling period were associated with grain with less protein and more oil concentration, 13 though the opposite was observed by Thomas et al. 14 Bianculli et al. (2016) also found that grain oil concentration decreased, together with oil and protein content and oleic acid percentage in the oil, whereas linoleic and linolenic acid percentage in the oil increased under total defoliation. Because of these inconsistencies in the effects of defoliation, further research is needed. ...
- Citing Chapter
January 1987
... During the expansion of soybean production in the southern USA, entomologists warned against automatic insecticide application practices due to the lack of a "key pest," economics, insecticide resistance, primary pest resurgence, secondary pest outbreaks, and environmental contamination (Lincoln et al., 1975;Boethel, 2004). They developed an IPM system, primarily developed for the southern USA, which involved systematic scouting, action-decision rules based on Economic Injury Levels (EILs), and conservation of natural enemies through minimum insecticide rates (Turnipseed and Kogan, 1994;Boethel, 2004). In the northern USA, the IPM system was modified to focus on predicting infrequent pest outbreaks and reducing reliance on monitoring (Boethel, 2004). ...
- Citing Chapter
January 1994
... The sculpted damsel bug, Nabis roseipennis Reuter (Hemiptera: Nabidae), is among the most abundant and most common of the damsel bugs encountered in cotton and soybean across the Southeastern United States [6][7][8][9]. A complex of Nabids spp. ...
- Citing Article
December 1974
Environmental Entomology
... In addition, sodium chloride is a common inert ingredient in many insecticide formulations, where it shows synergistic effects, increases buffering and solubility, and acts as a diluent. Ivan Corso (2017) in the study "Sodium Chloride: An Insecticide Enhancer for Controlling Pentatomids on Soybeans" concluded that sodium chloride is an efficient insecticide enhancer for controlling pentatomids on soybeans, leading to the reduction of monocrotophos and metamidophos rates, insecticides that do not have good activity against stink bugs are not enhanced by NaCl addition, and stink bugs are not attracted to soybeans where an insecticide plus sodium chloride is applied. ...
- Citing Article
February 1978
Journal of Economic Entomology
... In the 1980 s, more than a 60% reduction in insecticide use was recorded among soybean farmers assisted by IDR extensionists on IPM practice. IPM adoption was responsible for reducing from around six to two applications of insecticides per crop season (Finardi;Souza, 1980;Kogan et al. 1977). Despite the benefits provided by IPM, over the years, this IPM project was weakened by the low prices and convenience of applying insecticides, increasing the chemical sprays in the early 2000 s (Bueno et al. 2011). ...
- Citing Article
October 1977
Journal of Economic Entomology