S. G. Norcross's research while affiliated with Annenberg Center for Communication and other places
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Publications (21)
Inverse filtering methods are used in numerous audio applications such as loudspeaker and room correction. Regularization is commonly used to limit the amount of the original response that the inverse filter attempts to correct in an effort to reduce audible artifacts. It has been shown that the amount and type of regularization used in the inversi...
Inverse filtering is the concept that one can "undo" the filtering caused by a system Such as a loudspeaker or room. This approach strives to correct both the magnitude and the phase of the system. Inverse filtering has been proposed for numerous applications in audio and telecommunications, such as loud speaker equalization, virtual source creatio...
A common goal in multichannel musical recordings is to create a better approximation of the concert-hall experience than can be achieved with a traditional stereo reproduction system. Listener envelopment (LEV) is known to be an important part of good concert-hall acoustics and is therefore desirable in multichannel reproduction. In the present stu...
A common goal in multichannel musical recordings is to create a better approximation of the concert-hall experience than can be achieved with a traditional stereo reproduction system. Listener envelopment (LEV) is known to be an important part of good concert-hall acoustics and is therefore desirable in multichannel reproduction. In the present stu...
In this paper, the computational load of fast convergence recursive least-squares algorithms for multichannel active noise control (ANC) is reduced by the use of an inverse model of the acoustic plant between the actuators and the error sensors. The complexity reduction applies to both classical recursive least-squares algorithms or their fast time...
This report concerns only the questionnaire data. Memory and clerical task performance in relation to the noise conditions will be reported separately
In this presentation, the three main factors that affect the convergence speed of learning algorithms for adaptive FIR filters used in multichannel active noise control are described. Based on these three factors, a comparison of several adaptive FIR filter algorithms for multichannel active noise control is done, including several existing algorit...
This report compares measurements of the sound insulation of various constructions of a test house, exposed to aircraft noise at Ottawa Airport, with predictions from laboratory measurements of the same constructions. Further analyses investigated the major sources of the differences between laboratory and field measurements and corrections were de...
The Cost-Effective Open-Plan Environments (COPE) project plan identified a need to develop relationships between acoustic conditions in open-plan offices and occupant satisfaction with those conditions. Two experiments were designed to meet this need. In each experiment, participants hired from a staffing agency for one day experienced 15 different...
This report compares measurements of the sound insulation of various constructions of a test house, exposed to aircraft noise at Ottawa Airport, with predictions from laboratory measurements of the same constructions. Further analyses investigated the major sources of the differences between laboratory and field measurements and corrections were de...
New experiments have investigated the effect on perceived listener envelopment of late-arriving sound from above and behind the listener using simulated sound fields. In all cases, the listener envelopment was found to be principally related to the cosine-squared weighted late-arriving sound energy. The late lateral sound level measure, that incorp...
This paper describes six new experiments involving subjective ratings of the listener envelopment, LEV, and the apparent source width, ASW, of simulated sound fields. Previous work has identified LEV and ASW as the principal components of spatial impression in concert halls and has shown that ASW is primarily influenced by the level of early latera...
Speech intelligibility in rooms is influenced by room acoustics effects and by the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of the speech and ambient noise. Several measures such as useful-to-detrimental sound ratios and the speech transmission index predict the combined effects of both types of factors. These measures were evaluated relative to speech intellig...
C-50 is an early-to-late arriving sound ratio used to assess the influence of room acoustics on the clarity and intelligibility of speech. A just noticeable difference in C-50 values was determined for speech sounds in simulated sound fields. Over a range of C-50 values from -3 to +9dB, representing most situations in rooms for speech, a just notic...
It is commonly assumed that low‐frequency reverberation time determines the perception of bass in concert halls. Laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate whether this and other factors influence subjects’ perceptions of the strength of basssounds in simulated sound fields. The levels of the early and late arriving low‐frequency sounds as w...
Inverse filtering methods commonly use amplitude regularization as a technique to limit the amount of work done by the inverse filter. The amount of regularization needed must be carefully selected so that the audio quality is not degraded. This paper introduces a method of using the magnitude of the regularization to design a target/desired respon...
Citations
... * n_kellati@hotmail.com Nous procédons dans cette partie par la mesure de l'isolement acoustique D du liège compact, définit comme étant la soustraction entre le niveau sonore émis du côté haut parleur, et celui transmis du côté sonomètre [3][4][5]. En suite nous terminons par l'identification du coefficient de transmission. ...
... The former is defined as the perceived spatial extent of the sound source which determines its left and right virtual boundaries (Griesinger, 1997). The latter refers to the listener's sense of being surrounded or enveloped by sound (Soulodre et al., 2003). These parameters enable the description of the sound field based on subjective terms. ...
... where H is the matrix obtained by shifting the IR using an interval in time, λ is the regularization parameter, I is the identity matrix, and the superscripted t denotes the transpose operator. This time-domain deconvolution method has provided robust results in the chemical and audio engineering fields [7][8][9]. Loop computation is then introduced to optimize λ by minimizing the assessment function in the L-curve method [10]. ...
... In addition, there is strong low frequency amplification in the case of the CTC filter. Existing methods using Tikhonov and Minimum-Phase reconstruction to regularize inverse filters [7,8] were implemented, but still strong coloration and distorting were displayed. For this instance, it was assumed that the high frequency region of the filter, 15 kHz and above, would not have a significant impact on the quality of sound localization and therefore an additional low-pass filter with a cut-off frequency at 17 kHz was applied. ...
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... This can also be observed in the array effort, which is reduced in the filters created in the frequency domain and then windowed, as the non-optimal truncation of the filter impulse responses reduces the low frequency control. This same effect has previously been observed in practical realizations of cross talk cancellation systems [16], for the equalisation of loudspeaker responses [26] and in microphone beamforming applications [27]. ...
... Firstly, due to the mixed-phase character of the system, the direct inversion yields an acausal, infinite and potentially unstable impulse response [Hatziantoniou and Mourjopoulos 2003;Mourjopoulos 1994;Norcross et al. 2006;Oppenheim and Schafer 1999]. Related artifacts are referred to as pre-echo, ringing or wrap-around effects. ...
... The use of loudspeakers in listening experiments, however, leads to experimental procedures similar to studies on multichannel loudspeaker reproduction [25][26][27]. Acoustic metrics for modeling attributes such as listener envelopment in concert halls were also applied to multichannel loudspeaker reproduction independent of the original context [28]. Interaural parameters and properties of reverberation are typically evaluated as acoustic predictors of perception, in accordance with general knowledge on the psychoacoustics of spatial sound [29]. ...
... Particularly, concerns were raised for its effect on the auditory spaciousness of the concert halls (Barron and Marshall, 1981). The topic inspired a lot of research in the 1990's (Bradley, 1991;Davies and Lam, 1994;Cox and Davies, 1995;Davies et al., 1996;Davies and Cox, 2000;Ishida, 1995;Takahashi, 1997;LoVetri et al., 1996) and spawned a few PhD theses (Davies, 1992;Ishida, 1993;Mommertz, 1993;Cheene, 1995), and a body of abstracts (Greenberg, 1985;Chéenne et al., 1993;Bradley and Soulodre, 1997;O'Keefe, 1998;Morimoto et al., 2001;Shimizu, 2001;Cirillo and Martellotta, 2004). The topic of SDE was somewhat swept under the carpet in concert hall acoustic research after the establishment of a threshold of audibility for the effect (Davies et al., 1996), and the fact that a seemingly easy solution to remedy the effect would be raked audience areas and seats with no underpasses (Ishida, 1993). ...
... The ASW is defined by Morimoto as the width of the sound image fused temporally and spatially with a direct sound's image [18]. LEV is defined by Norcross et al. as the listener's sense of being surrounded or enveloped by sound [19]. Dependent on the author, envelopment is sometimes interpreted as surrounded only on the horizontal plane. ...
... The fact that listeners focused on the perceived impression of "envelopment" is not new. Many literatures indicated that listener envelopment (LEV) is an important percept that influences spatial quality of performance spaces [9] and reproduced sound fields [10]. Subsequent research showed that lateraland rear-radiated late reverberant energy contribute to generation of pleasing LEV for listeners [11][12] [13]. ...
