S E Gordon's research while affiliated with Pennsylvania State University and other places
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Publications (50)
The effects of resistance training with concentric or concentric-eccentric muscle actions on the acute hormonal response to a resistance exercise protocol was investigated. Thirty-two men completed a 19 week lower-body resistance training program (consisting of the leg press and leg extension exercises) in which they (1) performed concentric action...
The effect of aging on serum immunoreactive growth hormone (IGH) concentration vs. bioactive growth hormone (BGH) concentration was examined in nine younger and eight older active women (ages, mean ± 1 SEM: 23.7 ± 1.0 and 61.6 ± 1.3 yrs, respectively) during and after an acute aerobic exercise stimulus. The exercise bout consisted of cycling at 70%...
Thirty-one women (mean age 35.4 +/- 8.5 yr) who were overweight were matched and randomly placed into either a control group (Con; n = 6), a diet-only group (D; n = 8), a diet+aerobic endurance exercise training group (DE; n = 9), or a diet+aerobic endurance exercise training+strength training group (DES; n = 8). After 12 wk, the three dietary grou...
A skeletal muscle fiber consists of many successive "territories," each controlled by the nucleus residing in that territory. Because nuclei appear to control a specific amount of territory (nuclear domain), nuclei must be added to accommodate an increase in fiber size. Because growth and hypertrophy require the addition of nuclei to fibers, it is...
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of microgravity exposure on skeletal muscle fiber cross-sectional area and myosin heavy chain (MHC) composition in male rats. This investigation is the first to identify adaptations in hybrid skeletal muscle fiber types after spaceflight. The extensor digitorum longus (EDL), soleus and gastrocnemius...
While serum growth hormone (GH) increases with exercise have been consistently observed, serum insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) responses have been equivocal. In addition, little is known about IGF-1 responses in women after acute resistance exercise. The purpose of this study was to examine serum GH, IGF-1 and lactate responses to an acute res...
This study examined the effects of 10 wks (3x/wk) of periodized strength/power training (PSPT) (multiple set and multiple-exercise program) on fasted, resting (not pre-exercise) serum concentrations of total testosterone (TT), free testosterone (FT), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and Cortisol (C) among g younger (Y; 30±5 yrs) and 9 older (0;...
Very few data are available concerning the relationship between serum corticosterone (C) concentrations and changes in the muscle crosssectional areas (MCSA) of different muscle fiber types in rats following microgravity exposure. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of 10 days of space flight aboard the space shuttle Endeavour on...
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a heavy-resistance exercise protocol known to dramatically elevate immunoreactive growth hormone (GH) on circulating insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) after the exercise stimulus. Seven men (23.1 +/- 2.4 yr) volunteered to participate in this study. Each subject was asked to perform an eigh...
Thirty-five healthy men were matched and randomly assigned to one of four training groups that performed high-intensity strength and endurance training (C; n = 9), upper body only high-intensity strength and endurance training (UC; n = 9), high-intensity endurance training (E; n = 8), or high-intensity strength training (ST; n = 9). The C and ST gr...
An 8-wk progressive resistance training program for the lower extremity was performed twice a week to investigate the time course for skeletal muscle adaptations in men and women. Maximal dynamic strength was tested biweekly. Muscle biopsies were extracted at the beginning and every 2 wk of the study from resistance-trained and from nontrained (con...
To investigate the effect of acid-base balance on serum human growth hormone (hGH) concentration after an acute high-intensity anaerobic exercise bout, 10 untrained but normally active men [age, 24.6 +/- 1.5 (SE) yr] participated in a randomized double-blind counterbalanced experiment. Each subject reported in a fasted state at the same time of day...
Nine eumenorrheic women (age 24.11 +/- 4.28 yr) performed each of six randomly assigned heavy-resistance protocols (HREPs) on separate days during the early follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. The HREPs consisted of two series [series 1 (strength, S) and series 2 (hypertrophy, H)] of three protocols, each using identically ordered exercises co...
To examine the changes of plasma beta-endorphin (beta-EP) concentrations in response to various heavy-resistance exercise protocols, eight healthy male subjects randomly performed each of six heavy-resistance exercise protocols, which consisted of identically ordered exercises carefully designed to control for the repetition maximum (RM) resistance...
The purpose of this study was to examine the immediate post-exercise effects of acute exposure to a simulated altitude of 4,300 m on plasma concentrations of beta-endorphin (beta-EP) and associated changes of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), and cortisol to high intensity cycle exercise (i.e., stages of 90 and 100% peak Vo2). Exercise intensities were a...
To examine endogenous anabolic hormonal responses to two different types of heavy resistance exercise protocols (HREPs), eight male and eight female subjects performed two randomly assigned protocols (i.e. P-1 and P-2) on separate days. Each protocol consisted of eight identically ordered exercises carefully designed to control for load, rest perio...
Plasma proenkephalin peptide F immunoreactivity and catecholamines were examined on separate days in nine healthy males before and after maximal exercise to exhaustion at four intensities [36, 55, 73, and 100% of maximal leg power (MLP)] by use of a computerized cycle ergometer. The mean duration of 36, 55, 73, and 100% MLP was 3.31, 0.781, 0.270,...
Intense anaerobic exercise can induce a state of significant metabolic acidosis. This disruption of the physiological acid-base balance is thought to be a major contributor to fatigue during exercise, and the duration and intensity of any anaerobic task is therefore limited. Athletes and scientists have long sought to delay this fatigue with ergoge...
To examine endogenous anabolic hormone and growth factor responses to various heavy resistance exercise protocols (HREPs), nine male subjects performed each of six randomly assigned HREPs, which consisted of identically ordered exercises carefully designed to control for load [5 vs. 10 repetitions maximum (RM)], rest period length (1 vs. 3 min), an...
Citations
... Sodium bicarbonate has long been a mainstay in delaying the onset of fatigue in the gym, and its properties for buffering lactic acid and hydrogen ion buildup are well documented. 63,64,65 Recent tests with wrestlers and other athletes have also found lactate to not only be an ideal buffer but a very efficient energy source. The other ingredients in the formula are also useful for increasing ATP in the muscle tissue. ...
Reference: THE ANABOLIC DIET
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... Changes in circulating hormonal concentrations have been proposed as indicators of overtraining (1, 14), although such hormonal changes are not always observed. Because fluctuations in strength performance have been associated with altered resting (16,18) and exercise-induced (27) endocrine profiles with resistance exercise, it is possible that changes in hormonal concentrations may serve as markers of an impending state of overtraining. ...
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... in humans (17,19,20,30). This is most likely due to the immediate metabolic demands imposed by heavy resistance exercise, and possibly the role of iGH as a growth and tissue repair mechanism during recovery from resistance exercise (19,20). ...
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... There are several methods currently known to stimulate an increase of testosterone in vivo. The effects of acute exercise on testosterone stimulation have produced mixed results over the past few decades [67][68][69][70]. For example, a study investigating acute hormonal responses in elite junior Weightlifters found that the exercise protocol utilized caused a significant increase in serum testosterone, cortisol, GH, and whole blood lactate as compared to pre-exercise measures [68]. ...
... recovery time can affect the biological rhythms of male sex hormones (Blumert et al. 2007; Vingren 2012; Farbiak 2013). It has been stated that each hormone responds in a specific way to exercise (Webb et al. 2013), and there is good evidence that a period of intensive resistance exercise can dramatically boost levels of testosterone over the day as a whole, but that there is also a transient decrease immediately after the exercise (Kraemer et al. 1998). Details of these effects are unknown. ...
... Lower body maximal strength and, particularly, maximal power output, decline with ageing [1,2]. The progressive decline in muscle strength and power, especially in the lower limbs, has important functional consequences. ...
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... The more experienced athletes may have had more time to improve their strength and to test more PJT methodologies throughout their careers. Consequently, these participants could be more familiarized with the stress involved by combining PJT and their usual endurance training (Kraemer, et al., 1995). In contrast, these MA results showed that younger athletes (≤25 years old) got better results in RE (ES =0.14 vs. ES =0.95). ...
... It has been shown that increases in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (the "good cholesterol") have occurred as a result of intermittent exercise, but not as a result of continuous exercise 89 . Beta-endorphin levels, which are associated with positive changes in mood state, have been shown to increase following incremental graded and short term anaerobic exercise, the extent correlating with the lactate concentration 90,91 . ...
Reference: Sprint Interval Training ‐ "It's a HIIT!"
... This may suggest the intense training of young colts under EP condition stimulates the secretion of growth hormone followed by IGF -Ⅰ. IGF-I has been reported to play a role in repairing and strengthening muscles damaged by training [ 22,50]. IGF-Ⅰ acts directly on satellite cells of skeletal muscles, promoting protein synthesis via Akt and mTORC1, known as serine/threonine kinases [1,43,44], and protein degradation via the inactivation of FoxO, which induces hypertrophy [ 18,40,43]. ...
... 31 sAA is also correlated moderately (r = .30-.66) with increases in blood catecholamines specifically, dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine in both healthy men and elite female archery athletes. 32 Blood catecholamine concentration can increase significantly following both high-intensity exercise 33 and heavy resistance exercise. 34 Preemptive increases of plasma catecholamine levels 5 minutes prior to heavy resistance exercise (6 sets of 10-repetition maximum parallel barbell squats at 80% 1-repetition maximum) as well as a continued increase in plasma catecholamines across the sets reflected a sustained elevation in sympatho-adrenal-medullary secretion. ...
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