Ryuichi Kitamura's research while affiliated with Kyoto University and other places
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Publications (224)
Using multi-week travel diary data from Germany, this study examines intrapersonal variability in leisure activity- travel behavior. In particular, it investigates whether individuals from one-worker households have greater intrapersonal variability in leisure activity-travel patterns than those from two-worker households. The paper examines differ...
The study focuses on the hypothesis that lifecycle effects are suppressed by the built environment, and this can be examined using the repeated cross-sectional data collected over the last three decades. The fraction of automobile trips for each lifecycle stage in the different residence area over time is first reviewed using descriptive statistica...
This paper describes how automobility characteristics changed across lifecycle stages within different residential areas over time using statistical analyses. The results confirm that lifecycle is a useful classificatory variable in explaining automobility characteristics. Through analysis of four variances (including lifecycle stage, residential a...
Most metropolitan areas of industrialized countries underwent substantial changes in the second half of the 20th century. Some research have shown that this substantial change stems more from structural change than from change in demographic and socio-economic characteristics of urban residents. This structural change is due to increasingly prevail...
The concept of heterogeneity in choice structure is applied in this study to examine individuals’ action space, which is defined
in terms of the reported frequencies of visits. A disaggregate model system that predicts the frequency of visits is condensed
using a nested logit model with multiple choice structures.
The Nested Logit Model is a class of non-IIA discrete choice models that can handle correlation among the alternatives. Although they have been frequently applied in choice analysis, properties of their parameter estimates are not well known. The Nested Logit estimation exercise on simulated data sets in this study shows that parameter estimates an...
Empirical observations were carried out using a six-week travel survey, Mobidrive, in order to probe into the optimal duration problem of a single wave travel survey. The regressions on certain travel elements (i.e., number of daily trips, VkM per day, number of home based trip chains, daily travel time expenditure) suggest that a two-week survey d...
Using a 6-week travel diary survey from Germany, this study examined the effect of the frequency of leisure trips per week on the variability in the number of such trips over weeks. The frequency of trips and the variability were measured for six activity types: social contact, sports, recreation, culture and learning, nature, and shopping. A two-s...
Sustainable travel is a goal deserving of research and implementation, but how such a goal can be reached is debated. Fueling this debate are the many different factors involved in individual travel, ranging from values and beliefs to the impact of the built environment. The amount of impact that the built environment may have can be clouded by a p...
This paper examines measures of travel behavior and exercise for children in four different levels of population density in the Osaka metropolitan areas of Japan. This area's built environment reflects principles of transitoriented development with neighborhoods that have grown around an initial train station, where shops intermix with housing and...
The study examines the relationships between residential location, vehicle ownership and mobility in two metropolitan areas
of Asia, Kei-Han-Shin area of Japan and Kuala Lumpur area of Malaysia. It shows that, behind apparent similarities of household
auto ownership and travel time expenditure per household member, there are many causal relationshi...
Transport infrastructure has played an indispensable role in the growth of urban societies. During the first half of the 20th century transport, particularly rail was seemed as asserting a powerful influence on economic growth and industrial location. The concentration of employment in, or close to, city centers produced radial commuting patterns w...
The aim of this study is to assess the effects of incentives, in the form of toll reductions, introduced to entice commuters to use a toll expressway. Two market segments were targeted: everyday users, for whom the intended effect is to reduce peak-hour congestion by spreading entrances to expressways to off-peak hours, and low-frequency users, for...
A psychological research method, protocol analysis, was applied to gain insight into the decision-making process underlying repeated departure time choice for travel on a road network with stochastic travel times. The focus of the study is on the comprehension of information perception, processing, storage, and retrieval. The results showed that co...
The reference point hypothesis of prospect theory is applied to commuters’ departure time decision-making and to obtain a better understanding of how commuters use arrival time information in daily departure time choice. There are two reference points defined in this study: the earliest acceptable arrival time and the work starting time for a given...
As typical shopping behavior changed from foot-based visits to neighborhood shopping streets or corner grocery stores to auto-based visits to large-scale retail stores, shopping trip energy consumption increased substantially in the Osaka metropolitan area between 1970 and 2000. Underlying this phenomenon are, among others, progress of motorization...
Structural changes over time in commuters’ travel patterns are examined by formulating and estimating simultaneous equations model systems of activity engagement and travel. Results of large-scale household travel surveys conducted in the Osaka metropolitan area of Japan in 1980, 1990 and 2000 are used with matching demographic, land use, and netwo...
This study is an investigation into the applicability ofprospect theory in the context of morning commutes. Weextend the analysis adopted in our previous study toaccount for both observed and unobserved heterogeneityacross commuters. Two decision frames with multiplereference points and a maximum satisfaction point(preferred arrival time, PAT) are...
Multiday travel behavior was examined as a stochastic process, and new empirical findings are offered on the variation,of travel patterns from day to day. The analysis was based on data from a 6-week travel diary survey conducted in Germany. A small number of travel pattern classes were identified, and transitions in the patterns over a course of w...
Drawing from the literature on the minority game, this study proposes that predictive travel time information provided to drivers to assist with their route choices may not influence network flow; under the condition that route choices are made repeatedly by the same group of drivers, the drivers self-organize to reach the same network equilibrium...
Changes in consumer surplus have been approached in two different ways [1,2]: one is the compensating variation (CV), which
is the amount of income that an individual is ready to pay to keep his utility as it was before a change; the other is the
equivalent variation (EV), which is the amount of money the individual is ready to accept for the chang...
There is a need to further explore ways to use Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS) to encourage transit and ridesharing. One mechanism is to provide convenient travel itinerary information, not just for one trip, but for a day's travel. The formulation should consider time constraints, activity needs, real transit service parameters and th...
This study is concerned with how routine an individual’s routine really can be. This question is addressed by examining the day-to-day variability of the time co-ordinate of the vertex of a time–space prism; in other words, by examining how the timeframe which governs the individual’s daily schedule varies from day to day. When the timeframe varies...
Does a stop that a commuter makes on the way to or from work adversely affect peak period traffic? This question is addressed by examining the effects of stops made as part of commute journeys on daily, as well as peak period, travel time and distance, in a 6-week travel diary data set from Germany. Increments in travel time and distance due to sto...
Does a stop that a commuter makes on the way to or from work adversely affect peak period traffic? This question is addressed by examining the effects of stops made as part of commute journeys on daily, as well as peak period, travel time and distance, in a 6-week travel diary data set from Germany. Increments in travel time and distance due to sto...
Information and communications technology (ICT) has evolved substantially and impacted urban residents’ everyday life quite substantially in the past decade. The rapid spread of mobile telecommunications technologies has produced significant changes in relationships among communications, marketing and distribution, and transportation. As mobile tec...
Stability in travel over time is examined in this study, and the source of observed instability is decomposed into: change in socio-demographic and other contributing factors, and change in structural relationships underlying travel. As a tool for this analysis, simultaneous equations model systems are developed to describe urban residents' activit...
The development of modeling systems for activity-based travel demand ushers in a new era in transportation demand forecasting and planning. A comprehensive multimodal activity-based system for forecasting travel demand was developed for implementation in Florida and resulted in the Florida Activity Mobility Simulator (FAMOS). Two main modules compo...
The development of modeling systems for activity-based travel demand ushers in a new era in transportation demand forecasting and planning. A comprehensive multimodal activity-based system for forecasting travel demand was developed for implementation in Florida and resulted in the Florida Activity Mobility Simulator (FAMOS). Two main modules compo...
Using 6-week travel diary data from Karlsruhe and Halle, Germany, this study examines the characteristics of individuals’ action space. The extension of action space is represented by the second moment of the activity locations that it contains. Day-to-day variation in the second moment is examined. The results show that out-of-home activity orient...
複数ステーションを持つ自動車共同利用システムにおいて再配車を行わない場合, 車両の偏在により全ての需要を満たすことが出来なくなる. 本研究では, 共同利用システムの規模を拡大した場合のシステム挙動についてシミュレーション分析を行った. 具体的には, ステーション数, 車両数, 駐車スペース数, 予約申し込み数, 片道利用率を変化させた場合の利用トリップ数, 予約受付率等の変化を京都パブリックカーシステムの利用実績データを用いたシミュレーションにより分析した. 分析結果より, 100ステーションのシステムが1つの場合と, 10ステーションのシステムが10個独立にある場合でシステム全体の挙動は変わらない事, 及び, 駐車スペースの総数が同じ場合, ステーション数を増加させるより1ステーション当た...
In developing economies where changes in socioeconomic and demographic characteristics in urban areas are contributing to increasing demands for intercity travel, while the capacity of existing transportation infrastructure is limited, the potential demand for travel is often unobservable. The demand for intercity rail travel is analyzed in this st...
The micro-simulator of individuals’ daily travel, PCATS, and a dynamic network simulator, DEBNetS, are integrated to form
a simulation system for urban passenger travel. The components of the simulation system are briefly described, and three areas
of on-going system improvement are described, i.e., (i) introduction of stochastic frontier models of...
Using 6-week travel diary data from Karlsruhe and Halle, Germany, this study examines the characteristics of individuals' action space. The extension of action space is represented by the second moment of the activity locations that it contains. Day-to-day variation in the second moment is examined. The results show that out-of-home activity orient...
We hypothesized that the contingent valuation method (CVM) can enhance the procedural justice of policy formation as perceived by people generally, which in turn increases public acceptance of policy. In Study 1, a survey (n=484) asked whether respondents would accept a one-off tax, the purpose of which would be to protect the natural environment o...
Utility maximization is widely used to model individuals’ activity scheduling and rescheduling behavior. Utility maximization is based on the assumption that the modeled behavior is the result of a reasoned decision. An alternative to a planned behavior is habitual behavior, whose execution process has become automatic due to its repeated performan...
The decisions drivers make, such as choice of route or departure time, constitute typical decision making under uncertainty. Drivers' decision making has been studied within the framework of expected utility theory. However, empirical decisional phenomena violating the premise of expected utility theory have been observed repeatedly. These findings...
Out-of-home activities are engaged within time - space prisms, but the prisms themselves are unobservable. In this paper, stochastic frontier models with observed departure and arrival times as dependent variables are formulated to locate time - space prism vertices. Two possible distributions often used in frontier models for one-sided disturbance...
The French government has implemented a periodical vehicle inspection program, which aims at maintaining proper functioning of the vehicle and ensuring the emissions control systems installed on the vehicle work properly. Also, an incentive program for scrapping old vehicles was introduced in 1994 through 1996 to promote the replacement of those ve...
ABSTRACT This study is about the willingness-to-pay (WTP) for an expressway service. For eliciting WTP, we have used a part of large scale congestion pricing survey and asked seven hypothetical questions to respondents who,were users of the ,Hanshin Expressways networks. The questions asked respondents to choose between a toll road and surface stre...
Prospect theoretic hypotheses about the value function are considered in the context of morning commutes. After a review of the formulations of utility functions in the past analyses of commuter departure time choice, this study adopts a formulation where the desirability of an arrival time at work is determined based on decision frames defined in...
Factors that determine the attractiveness of a shopping street are examined empirically in this study, based on data obtained from the survey of visitors and establishments at six medium-sized shopping streets anchored by railway stations. The results of the analysis show: i) the visitor attraction of a shopping street is proportional to the passen...
The influences of suburbanization on the internal structure of the Keihanshin metropolitan area are examined. First, in order to present how the structure of this area had changed with the passing of time, we classify the municipalities in this area dynamically using data on populations, households, etc., at the four time points of from 1970 to 200...
We investigate the applicability of prospect theory in the context of morning commutes. We extend the analysis adopted in our previous study to account for both observed and unobserved heterogeneity across commuters. Two decision frames with multiple reference points and a maximum satisfaction point (preferred arrival time, PAT) are assumed to exis...
In this paper, our purpose is exploring the existence and the cause of critical public attitudes toward public works projects. Therefore, we formed hypotheses of causal relationships about the psychological factors that affect attitudes toward public works projects based on political psychology, social psychology, and the knowledge of the existing...
In this paper, in order to examine the factors which affect the people's importance beliefs about administrative and self-help measures for disaster prevention and their causal relationships, we sent out the questionnaires for the citizen of Kyoto city and tested hypotheses.As a result of the statistical test, it was shown that the disaster risk co...
In this Paper, we implemented a field experiment to provide information with respect to risks and costs of automobile use and psychological depression due to road traffic congestion, to 178 university students who were around 18 years old and who did not hold a driving license. The data obtained from the survey that was implemented 6 month after th...
本研究では, 試行運行開始直後には利用者数が低迷していたにもかかわらず社会実験を経た後に需要が格段に増加した京都市都心部の100円循環バスの事例に着目し, 実験の前後において基本的にはサービス水準は変化していないこと, 実験の過程において市民の応援活動が自然発生的に広がったこと, それに伴って一般市民やマスコミなどの見方も変化してきたことなどの事実をもとに, 市民の行動や意識変化が需要増加の大きな要因となっていると考えられることを示す. とりわけ, その過程においては, 公共交通に対する意識が変化して需要や採算を自分自身の問題として捉えるという見方が示されるなどの現象がみられ, 市民の自主的・内面的な行動変容を示す事例として重要なものであることを示す.
In this paper, we discussed relations between drivers' cognition and the dynamics of traffic conditions. When we take into account drivers' cognition, many types of psychological impedance to behavioral change could be accounted for, including cognitive conservatism and habitual decision making. Based on psychological theories with respect to these...
The methodology for weighting endogenous samples is extended in this study and applied to a multi-dimensional choice-based sample and an enriched sample. It is shown that a unified weight exists for a sample obtained from a complex endogenous sampling scheme. Problems with conventional weighting methods for samples from endogenous sampling, such as...
本研究では, 集計的かつ動的な交通流と個々人の生活行動, 交通行動との相互作用を考慮した需要予測ツールを開発することを最終的な目的として, 各個人のOD所要時間を算定するための, 大規模ネットワークを対象とした交通流シミュレータを開発した. 本シミュレータでは, ミクロシミュレータの枠組みを採用する一方, 計算時間を軽減するためにKV曲線を用いて車両の挙動を表現し, かつ, Event-Based 法でシミュレーション時間を更新することとした. また, 各車両の経路選択行動は内生的に再現した. そして, 仮想ネットワークでの数値計算を通して, 大規模な道路網への適用可能性を示した.
This study addresses the issue of how accurately parameters characterizing a stochastic, discrete behavioral process can be estimated using data from a discrete-time panel study. Specifically, the study examines the likelihood and magnitude of error in estimating the parameters characterizing the behavioral process based on observations of the proc...
The aim of this study was to investigate whether a temporary structural change would induce a lasting increase in drivers' public transport use. An experiment targeting 43 drivers was carried out, in which a one-month free bus ticket was given to 23 drivers in an experimental group but not to 20 drivers in a control group. Attitudes toward, habits...
The influences of suburbanization on the internal structure of the Keihanshin metropolitan area are examined. First, in order to present how the structure of this area had changed with the passing of time, we classify the municipalities in this area dynamically using data on populations, households, etc., at the four time points of from 1970 to 200...
Although it has been questioned whether CVM can measure value assumed in micro-economic theory, CVM may be used for reflecting people's opinion or attitudes toward a public good in the policy with respect to the good. Therefore the policies determined based on CVM may be regarded as procedurally fair by people and may be more easily accepted by peo...
In this Paper, for the purpose of exploring methods of increasing survey response rates we theoretically and empirically investigated “intrinsically motivated cooperation”, based on the intrinsic motivation theory and the social exchange theory. The survey (n=1, 500) indicated that intrinsic motivations were activated through social exchange proces...
Binary designation of a residential neighbourhood as either traditional or suburban is a distortion of reality, since a location may have some characteristics of both types and since residents in different parts of the neighbourhood may perceive its character differently. This paper presents and applies a methodology for assessing neighbourhood typ...
The notion of time-space prisms has often been used in the context of describing activity-travel patterns of individuals. This paper presents a methodology for estimating the temporal vertices of time-space prisms using the stochastic frontier modeling technique. Observed trip starting and ending times are used as dependent variables and socio-econ...
A conceptual framework is presented that may be utilized when analyzing changes in household travel arising from the range of potential measures available to policy makers. The proposed framework draws on goal setting theory in order to understand how travel is influenced by the impact various travel demand management (TDM) measures have on time, c...
A promising approach for expedient market penetration of electric vehicles is a multi-station electric vehicle sharing system. Such a system, however, contains several problems, e. g., vehicles may concentrate at particular stations, deterring efficient operation of the system. The parameters that define system operation must be set at their optima...
CVM has been applied to measure the value of non-market goods including natural environment. It has been known that measuring values by CVM tends to involve a number of biases. Consequently the NOAA's guidelines were proposed for measuring values without biases by CVM. However, the validity of the guidelines has not been clearly tested. In the pres...
A multistation electric vehicle (EV)-sharing system has been in operation on an experimental basis in Kyoto, Japan. Members of the system can check out EVs at a station and return them at any station. To reduce the cost of system operation, EVs are not reallocated to stations by the operator. This feature, at the same time, may delimit the efficien...
In this study, improvements are made to the dynamic traffic flow simulator, “ DEBNetS.” First, to reproduce the phenomenon of congestion propagation to upstream, a pseudo segment is added to the series of segments by which each link is represented in the simulation. The method of processing traffic event is also modified. Next, to reduce computatio...
Decision trees and production rules, which are among the methods used in knowledge discovery and data mining, are applied to investigate drivers' route choice behavior. These methods have an advantage over artificial neural networks, another data mining method often used in analysis of travel behavior: they facilitate determination of the relations...
The aim of this study was to investigate how cooperation can be facilitated in the real-world social dilemma of choosing to commute by automobile rather than by public transport. A survey of 335 drivers was carried out before and during an 8-day temporary freeway closure in Osaka, Japan. The results showed that the frequency of switching to public...
The purposes of this paper are to introduce a coordinates system into PCATS, which is a micro-simulation model system of individuals' daily activity behavior, and to evaluate transportation policies by PCATS. First, the improvements of PCATS and the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) Algorithms are described. Next, the reproducibility of the MCMC meth...
The driver's decision making is a typical decision making under uncertainty. A number of cognitive science studies of decision making under uncertainty have indicated that decision making is critically affected by the decision frame, that is, subjective interpretation of the decision problem. It has also been pointed out that the uncertainty of out...
The strategy to improve reproducibility of dynamic traffic flow simulator DEBNetS, which is developed for amicro simulation travel demand forecasting system, is examined. As a result of the improvement, the correlation between observed traffic volume and predicted traffic volume is improved, and predicted average speeds become almost identical with...
離散時間パネル調査により行動過程の状態を繰り返し観測し, それら離散時点での観測値に基づき状態間遷移確率などの行動過程のパラメータを推定するとき, 多大な推定誤差が生じうる. パネル調査設計に当っては, この推定誤差による費用と調査費用の双方が考慮されねばならない. 本研究では, 推定誤差費用と調査費用の和を最小化する最適化問題として調査設計問題を定式化し, パネル調査の調査回数, サンプル数, 調査期間を決定している. さらに仮想パラメータ値を用いた数値計算の結果を示し, パネル調査の最適標本数は一般に考えられるより小きく, 調査間隔は密なものでありうることを示している.
本研究では, 世帯内での自動車の割り当てと車種選択は密接に関係していること, また, 年間走行距離は車種や主な運転者の属性に大きな影響を受けるとの認識のもと, 車種・メインドライバー選択モデルと年間走行距離モデルを構築した. 事例分析の結果, 2台保有世帯においては自動車取り替え更新時に自動車の再配分が行われている事, 特定の車種分類に対する嗜好性が存在し, 同じ分類に属する自動車を購入する傾向にある事, および, 各自動車の利用が相互に負の影響を及ぼす事が示された. 一方, 1台保有世帯では年間走行距離に車種が影響を及ぼしているものの, 2台保有世帯ではそのような傾向が確認されず, 主に通勤や自由活動での利用等のメインドライバーによる需要のみが年間走行距離を規定する事が示された.
本論文では内生抽出標本の重み付け理論を拡張し, 加重層別標本抽出法や多次元選択肢別標本抽出法による標本への適用を論じる. これらの複雑な内生標本抽出法により得られた標本に適用可能な一意的な重みが存在することを示し, 従来一般的になされてきた重み付け法の問題点を指摘するとともに, その改良を提案する. さらに, 重み付きと重み無しで離散選択モデルを推定した場合の係数値とt-値を比較し, 共分散行列を適切に推定することの重要性を示す.
本研究では, 我が国の自動車保有行動を規定する大きな要因の一つであると考えられる車検制度が世帯の自動車取り替え更新行動に及ぼす影響を明らかにするために, 生存時間モデルを適用した自動車取り替え更新行動モデルを構築し, 京都市で得られたパネルデータを用いた実証分析を行った. パラメータ推定の結果より, 保有自動車の買い替えや破棄を行う確率は車検までの期間が6ヶ月を切ると急激に増加することが示された. また, 推定されたモデルを用いたシミュレーション分析の結果からは, 車検費用の引き上げは保有台数に影響を与えることなく買い替えを早める効果がある一方で, 車検期間の延長は保有自動車の破棄を遅らせ, 保有台数の増加を招く可能性のあることが示された.
本研究では, これまでに指摘した「思い込み均衡」をより効率的な状態へと誘導するために必要とされる交通政策を議論するための基礎的な知見を得ることを目的とした交通システムシミュレーションを行った. 分析に用いたシミュレーションモデルは, 道路上の混雑現象を表現するだけでなく, 個々の運転者の記憶の蓄積, 選択ルールの学習といった長期的な情報処理プロセスを考慮した上で, 道路交通量の日変動をシミュレートするものである. 得られたシミュレーション結果と, 従来の習慣と思い込みに関する理論的・実証的研究で得られている知見に基づいた考察から, 交通量過多となっている選択肢の一時的および継続的な容量削減が, 思い込み均衡の効率化に適した交通政策である可能性を指摘した.
業務トリップは, 通勤トリップと異なり広い時間帯で発生することや, 複数の目的地を持つトリップチェインを形成する傾向が強い等の特徴を持つ. 本研究では, トリップチェイン前後の業務活動も含めたトリップチェイン全体の費用最小化行動を仮定した, 業務トリップの経路・出発時刻選択モデルを構築した. 出発時刻選択については最適な出発時刻で総費用が極小値をとるとの条件を用い, 連続時間軸上での時刻選択行動をモデル化した. 路側配布によるアンケート調査で得られた実際のトリップチェインデータ, および時間帯別所要時間データに基づき未知パラメータを推定した. さらに, 出発時刻や経路, 立ち回り順序の変更や所要時間の変化に伴なう費用の変化を算出し, モデルの挙動を確認した.
A destination choice model is developed, using a coordinates-based methodology, to resolve the problems arising from zone systems on which most models developed so far are based. To evaluate destination choice probabilities and simulate choice behavior efficiently with huge choices sets, the MCMC method is applied. The distribution of destination l...
An attempt was made to determine how accessibility affects aspects of long-term and short-term travel behavior. The accessibility indices that were used represent the ease with which opportunities for engagement in activities can be reached from a geographical zone in an urban area. The behavioral aspects examined include engagement in activities,...
We examine whether a temporary structure change induces prolonged behavioral change. The results of the analysis of panel data covering a period immediately before, and one year after, the closure of a Hanshin Expressway line, indicate that drivers who rarely used public transit before the closure dissolved negative beliefs, or delusions, of public...
Most analyses of driver-network transportation systems rest on the presence of network equilibrium. Equilibrium analyses presuppose that the driver is rational and homogeneous and has perfect information. A more realistic view, however, is that individuals' rationality is bounded because of their cognitive limitations. A driver is assumed to adopt...
It is often the case that a discrete choice model cannot be applied to forecasting because the choice set is unmanageably large and choice probabilities cannot be evaluated in a practical manner. For example, an activity-based analysis of travel behavior often involves an astronomical number of potential activity travel patterns, resulting in an en...
不確実性下において, 人間は必ずしも確率論的に正しい方法に従って行動するのではなく, 自らの経験等によって規則・方法を形成し, それに基づいて行動すると考えられる. 本研究の目的は, そのような帰納的推論に基づいた経路選択行動を定式化した上で道路交通システムに関するシミュレーションモデルを構築し, 数値実験を通じて, 道路交通システムおよび経路選択行動の挙動を考察することである. 数値実験の結果, 行動主体は, 現状とは著しく異なる認知状態である「思い込み」を起こしたり, また, 経路選択時における思考を省略する行動の習慣化, 行動の「凍結」を起こしたりすることが分かった. また, 行動主体が行動を凍結させることなどせず, 十分に熟考する場合は利用者均衡に近い値に収束するが, その他の場合は...
In a household with fewer vehicles than household members, the use of a household vehicle by one member decreases its availability for other members. A model of mode choices by household members is developed as a vehicle allocation model in this study while taking into account the exclusiveness in vehicle use. A two-level nested logit model is appl...
To explain the characteristics of the tourists' area selection, an activity-based model is developed. In this model, it is assumed that tourists determine a combination of visiting areas by stepwise processes, until the utility of the combination will be over his/ her level of the satisfaction. The parameter estimates of the model suggest that:(i)...
We proposed two hypotheses with respect to the process of adjusting anticipated travel time to a new traffic environment: the Information-Effect Hypothesis, i. e. as a driver acquires more information on travel time, he can predict travel time more precisely and refers less to anticipated travel times he has had in the past in order to anticipate t...
Citations
... Its components include: activity type choice models, activity duration models, and destination-mode joint choice models. Further discussions on PCATS and its application examples can be found in: Fujii et al. (1997), , , Kawata et al. (1999), Fujii et al. (2000), Iida et al. (2000), Kitamura et al. (2000), Kikuchi et al. (2001), and Kitamura et al. (2002). ...
... Hazard-based duration models have been applied in the transportation field to represent individualÕs behaviors along a time dimension, such as activity duration (e.g., Mannering et al., 1994;Ettema et al., 1995;Niemeier and Morita, 1996;Bhat, 1996a,b;Kitamura et al., 1997;Kitamura and Fujii, 1998), departure time choice (Wang, 1996;Bhat and Steed, 2002), and vehicle transaction (Mannering and Winston, 1991;Gilbert, 1992;De Jong, 1996;Hensher, 1998;Yamamoto et al., 1999Yamamoto et al., , 2001Yamamoto and Kitamura, 2000). In these applications, two types of models have been used for the parameter estimation. ...
... It may seem trivial if someone decides to sleep, eat or work during rides (Jain, 2011;Laurier, 2004), but, a passenger slipping in and out of character has significant consequences for what -and who -exactly constitutes 'being-in-transit'. Consider frequent fliers who vacillate between being elite passengers and aviation enthusiasts seeking to experience airport lounges with no intention to fly (Zuskáčová and Seidenglanz, 2019); or urban commuters who make stops for non-transport reasons, truncating their trips and/or folding in other roles to result in nestled journeys (Kitamura and Susilo, 2006). These deviations make passengering harder to pin down as a concept, seeing that identities can be fluid and potentially switch at will. ...
... Similarly, the modelling techniques have gradually transitioned from econometric techniques (Bhat, 1998(Bhat, , 2005Pinjari & Bhat, 2010) to rule-based static and semi-static models (T. Arentze, Hofman, van Mourik, & Timmermans, 2000a;Pendyala, Kitamura, Kikuchi, Yamamoto, & Fujii, 2005) and now towards dynamic agent-based microsimulation models (Auld & Mohammadian, 2012;Scherr, Manser, Joshi, Frischknecht, & Métrailler, 2020) and hybrid model systems incorporating both econometric and rule-based modelling techniques (Davidson et al., 2010) to make ABMs more behaviourally realistic. In rule-based models like in ALBATROSS choice behaviour that emerges from learning is driven by individual dependent conditionaction rules (Arentze et al., 2000) while in learning-based models like in ADAPTS (Auld & Mohammadian, 2009), agents store the results of their actions in a long-term memory to make future decisions while interacting with the environment (reinforcement learning) or while communicating with others (social learning). ...
... Using actively collected multi-day travel survey datasets, previous studies have gained insights into the intra-person variability, mainly focusing on a single dimension of the activity-travel patterns, such as trip frequency (Pas and Sundar, 1995), activity location (Susilo and Kitamura, 2005;Hanson and Huff, 1988), and travel mode (Heinen and Chatterjee, 2015). Comparatively few studies investigated the inter-dependency between the different behaviour dimensions and measured their variability over time, such as activity-travel-location combinations by Susilo and Axhausen (2014) and activity-location-mode sequences by Dharmowijoyo et al. (2017). ...
... However, the goodness-of-fit in modelling VKT from disaggregate data is relatively low in general. For example, R-square of standard linear regression models is about 0.11 in Train (1986), 0.15 in Kockelman (1997), 0.17 in Yamamoto et al. (2001). One of the reasons for this is difficulty in fully representing its large variability across households. ...
... Furthermore, one thing conventional Minority Game has not considered about transport sector is 'rigidity' in decision making process. The rigidity or cognitive conservatism is observed in previous experiments and surveys (Fujii and Kitamura, 2003). The rigidity could be due to characteristics specific to one travel mode such as comfort and convenience , and this study takes into account of the rigidity as constants in multinomial discrete choice model (Fowkes, 2000; Ortúzar and Willumsen, 2001). ...