Run Yu’s research while affiliated with Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics and other places

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Publications (5)


GRIN metamaterial generalized Luneburg lens for ultra-long acoustic jet
  • Article

April 2021

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69 Reads

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22 Citations

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Run Yu

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Qiujun Ma

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[...]

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In this work, a 3D-printed mesoscale acoustic generalized Luneburg lens based on cylindrical metamaterial is proposed. Compared to isotropic lenses, we numerically and experimentally demonstrate a series of advantages of lens including the super long work distance (over 17λ, 20 kHz in air), without obvious sidelobe, and better acoustic impedance matching. The ray tracing method is revealed to interpret the ultra-long acoustic jets mechanism. The adjustment of the lattice unit composition allows for the manipulation of air and underwater acoustic waves. The present work inspires a straightforward strategy for ultra-long acoustic jets, with promising applications in imaging and treatment in biological tissues.


(Color online) Schematic of the masked cylindrical lenses. Covered mask and exposed mask are placed on the front surface of the cylindrical lens. The mask consists of an ABS polymer shell and an air inner layer.
(Color online) Normalized intensity maps: (a) without mask and (b) with covered mask. (c) Dependence of normalized intensity and FWHM/λ values along the y-axis at the highest intensity points of the acoustic jet on cover ratio. (d) Dependence of focal distance and decay length L of the acoustic jet on cover ratio.
(Color online) Normalized intensity maps: (a) without mask and (b) with exposed mask. (c) Dependence of focal distance of the acoustic jet on expose ratio. (d) Dependence of FWHM and decay length L of the acoustic jet on expose ratio.
(Color online) Acoustic jet parameters of different refractive index in three different area ratios (a) F.D of different refractive index in three different cover ratios, (b) FWHM/λ of in three different cover ratios, (c) F.D of different refractive index in three different expose ratios, and (d) decay length L of different refractive index in three different expose ratios.
(Color online) Power flow diagrams for refractive index n = 1.5 cylindrical acoustic lenses without (a) and with (b) a covered mask. Power flow diagrams for refractive index n = 1.7 cylindrical acoustic lenses without (c) mask and with (d), (e), (f) different expose ratio masks.
Tunable acoustic jet generated by a masked cylindrical lens
  • Article
  • Publisher preview available

September 2020

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66 Reads

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6 Citations

An acoustic jet generated by a mesoscale particle has been proved to be able to achieve sub-wavelength focusing. In this work, we propose two kinds of mask structures to accurately modulate the characteristics of the acoustic jet, such as the focal distance, FWHM and decay length by adjusting the position of incident sound waves. Our simulations show that an ultra-narrow beam waist width (λ/3) in the near field and an ultra-long beam (7λ) in the far field can be achieved under plane wave illumination. This structure provides a simple method to precisely control the acoustic jet.

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(Color online) Illustration of the isotropic non-metallic lattices. (a)–(c) correspond to the 2D version and (d)–(f) correspond to the 3D version. (a) and (d) Structural design of the lattices, with the characteristic parameters indicated. (b) and (e) Band structures of the 2D and 3D lattices. The red and green dashed lines are fits to the compression and shear waves, respectively. (c) and (f) Compression wave velocities in the horizontal plane (z = 0) and the vertical plane (x = y). The bottom inset shows the 3D cross-shaped anisotropic lattice.
(Color online) Design of the lens. (a) 2D underwater acoustic Luneburg lens for 180 kHz waterborne ultrasound. Insets on the right show magnified images of the lattices. (b) Refractive index profiles of the ideal Luneburg lens (light-gray line) and the sample (solid red line).
(Color online) Comparison between the simulated and measured acoustic pressure distributions. (a) FEM simulation result is treated as a background, and a perfect focal spot is formed. Solid colored lines depict the measured pressure distribution, and the contour maps of A = 0.5 and A = 0.33 are highlighted. The inset on the top shows an intuitive comparison of the experimental and simulated focal spots. Normalized pressure amplitude distribution (b) along the y-axis at x = 2 mm and (c) along the x-axis at y = 0 mm.
(Color online) Result of resolving two point sources. (a) Two focal spots have formed on the right side of the lens, and the directions of the sources can be distinguished. (b) Normalized pressure distribution along the y-axis at x = 1 mm.
Latticed underwater acoustic Luneburg lens

July 2020

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146 Reads

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17 Citations

This letter describes a theoretical and experimental study of an underwater acoustic Luneburg lens made of isotropic metamaterial. The designed lens is found to be capable of focusing plane waves over a broad range from 160 to 210 kHz. The measured lateral width of the focal spot is 5.5 mm, an ideal size that is close to the Rayleigh resolution limit. The functionality of the underwater lens is realized by an artificial structure. Different from those rigid-scatterers-based devices, the working mechanism of the proposed structure is by introducing waterborne ultrasound waves into the solid structures and manipulating mechanical waves.


(Color online) Initial and optimized transformation evaluation grids. (a), (b) Perspective and (c), (d) top views.
(Color online) Refractive index map of the z = 0 plane. The (a) initial and (b) optimized transformations.
(Color online) Designed 90° bend. (a) The waveguide building block is a 3D cross with a geometric coefficient a 0 that is allowed to vary. (b) Effective refractive index graph where n is a function of f, which varies from 0 to 0.9. The blue curve indicates the experimental result and the orange curve represents the empirical formula. (c) The effective unit cell refractive index from 6 to 10 kHz. (d) The 3D sample designed for 1–13 kHz sound.
(Color online) Modal profiles of the (a)–(c) non-transformed, (d)–(f) initial transformed, and (g)–(i) optimized transformed waveguides at 6, 11, and 13 kHz.
(Color online) (a) Waveguide system transmission loss. Pressure components at the outlet of the (b) optimized and (c) initial transformed waveguides. (d) Experimental configurations.
Active control of sound waves via three-dimensional quasi-conformal mapping

January 2020

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10 Reads

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2 Citations

We describe use of an optimization algorithm to produce three-dimensional, quasi-conformal transformation acoustics. The results indicate that the anisotropy of the transformed material can be made arbitrarily small by increasing the auxiliary function degrees of freedom. A boundary function is defined to prevent the algorithm from affecting the original device function. Bent waveguides with isotropic non-resonant phononic crystals were fabricated. The transmission performances of the optimized and initial transformed waveguides were studied to validate the proposed design method. Numerical simulations predicted the waveguide transmission modes. These were then demonstrated experimentally by measuring the sound pressure components at the outlets.


Citations (5)


... Our use of conformal mappings for mechanical metamaterials is distinct from their extensive use for optical metamaterials. Transformation optics often relies on conformal mappings to achieve practical effective material parameters [20,21,22,23] (similarly for transformation acoustics [24,25,26,27]). However, transformation optics and acoustics typically apply in the non-dispersive setting [28], requiring sub-wavelength unit cells. ...

Reference:

Conformally Graded Metamaterials for Elastic Wave Guidance
Active control of sound waves via three-dimensional quasi-conformal mapping

... 13 Recent advances in research involving techniques to characterize and design metamaterials, particularly sonic crystals, coupled with the concept of a radial density gradient proposed by Boyles, 13 have facilitated the realization of numerous acoustic Luneburg lenses (ALL) over the past decade. The inaugural successful realization of an ALL was presented by Kim. 14 followed by various studies focusing on airborne sound waves [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] or waves propagating through a liquid medium, such as water. [25][26][27] Additionally, the realization of Luneburg lenses considering the propagation of elastic waves in a solid medium have also been explored in different works. ...

GRIN metamaterial generalized Luneburg lens for ultra-long acoustic jet
  • Citing Article
  • April 2021

... In general, the acoustic model of the phenomenon under consideration, the acoustic model of the scatterer (isotropic, anisotropic, relation between longitudinal and shear speed of sounds [25][26][27][28][29][30][31], etc.), and how the result obtained can be correctly applied to describe the acoustic jet phenomenon are not clear from the article under discussion. It seems that the authors of the article do not deeply understand the difference between the nature of electromagnetic and acoustic waves. ...

Tunable acoustic jet generated by a masked cylindrical lens

... The inaugural successful realization of an ALL was presented by Kim. 14 followed by various studies focusing on airborne sound waves [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] or waves propagating through a liquid medium, such as water. [25][26][27] Additionally, the realization of Luneburg lenses considering the propagation of elastic waves in a solid medium have also been explored in different works. [28][29][30] A thorough review of ALL applications and their physical underpinnings has been provided by Zhao et al. 31 In the context of sound wave propagation, achieving the radial density gradient necessary to obtain the Luneburg refractive index involves introducing radial subwavelength discontinuities within the material. ...

Latticed underwater acoustic Luneburg lens

... Moreover, various ALL-based wave manipulation capabilities were achieved such as wave focusing [31,32], guiding [33,34], retroreflection [35], collimation [36], generation of ultra-long wave jets [37], simultaneous broadband control of multiple wave modes [38], etc. In addition, the excellent wave manipulation performance of ALL was proven to be useful for various fields such as wireless communications, transmission, and sensing [39]. In recent years, although multiple review papers have been published on metamaterial and phononic crystals for manipulating acoustic and elastic waves [36,40], no review paper focuses on ALL to the best of our knowledge. ...

Obstacle Detector with Metamaterial Luneburg Lens
  • Citing Conference Paper
  • October 2019