Roya Abedi Soleimani’s research while affiliated with Tabriz University of Medical Sciences and other places

Enterococcus faecalis is a Gram-positive opportunistic pathogen that is capable of forming biofilms and developing antibiotic resistance, complicating the treatment of infections. This study investigates the effect of postbiotics derived from Lactobacillus plantarum and Bifidobacterium bifidum on biofilm formation and virulence gene expression in E. faecalis . In this study, standard strains L. plantarum ATCC 8014, B. bifidum ATCC 15696 and E. faecalis ATCC 29212 were used. Postbiotics/cell-free supernatant (CFS) was prepared from probiotics and added to E. faecalis . Biofilm formation was examined by microtiter plate method and expression of Ebp , efa , Asa and Ace genes was assessed by quantitative Real-time PCR. Statistical analysis was performed using Student's t-test and ANOVA (p < 0.05). CFSs significantly reduced biofilm formation in a dose-dependent manner. B. bifidum CFSs at 20 mg/mL (p < 0.0001), 10 mg/mL (p < 0.0001), and 5 mg/mL (p = 0.04) significantly decreased biofilm formation compared to the control. Similarly, L. plantarum CFSs at 20 mg/mL (p = 0.003) and 10 mg/mL (p = 0.01) showed a significant inhibitory effect. qRT-PCR analysis revealed that L. plantarum CFSs downregulated efa (p < 0.0001), Asa (p = 0.01), and Ace (p = 0.001) genes but had no effect on the Ebp gene. Conversely, B. bifidum CFSs reduced Ebp (p = 0.0003) and Ace (p = 0.0001) genes but did not significantly alter efa and Asa genes. These findings suggest that postbiotics could be used as a potential alternative to reduce the pathogenicity of E. faecalis , although further clinical trials are necessary to confirm these results.

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) represent a significant cause of maternal morbidity and mortality globally, impacting around 10% of pregnant women. This review investigates the intricate interplay between gut microbiota and HDP, focusing on how changes in microbial composition may affect blood pressure control. Recent research suggests that dysbiosis, marked by diminished microbial diversity and alterations in specific bacterial communities, correlates with hypertension. The potential of probiotic supplementation as a therapeutic approach to restore gut health, improve metabolic processes and alleviate hypertension symptoms during pregnancy is highlighted. The review outlines various mechanisms by which gut microbiota may help reduce HDP symptoms, particularly through the production of short-chain fatty acids known for their anti-inflammatory effects. Although the findings are encouraging, additional studies are required to comprehensively elucidate the roles of different bacterial species in blood pressure regulation and to validate probiotics as a standard treatment for HDP.

In modern times, individuals are frequently subjected to a wide range of environmental and chemical pollutants that are generated by industrial and agricultural activities. The contamination of food by pesticides, biogenic amines, and mycotoxins represents a significant concern for global food safety, and has economic and public health implications, particularly in newly industrialized nations. A growing body of evidence suggests that prolonged exposure to food contaminants, known as xenobiotics, can have adverse effects on human health. Although many strategies for food decontamination are frequently used, they require specific conditions that are often difficult to meet in many industrial sectors. Currently, a promising strategy for mitigating the potential hazards associated with xenobiotics in food items involves the implementation of a biological detoxification method utilizing probiotic strains and their corresponding enzymes. Numerous investigations have corroborated the efficacy, practicality, and cost-effectiveness of postbiotics in impeding xenobiotic-induced dysbiosis and mitigating their toxicological effects. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge of the direct mechanisms by which postbiotics can influence the detoxification of xenobiotics. Moreover, the effects of postbiotics on host response to exposure to xenobiotics were discussed.

Celiac disease (CD) can be considered an autoimmune problem, a disease caused by gluten sensitivity in the body. Gluten is found in foods such as barley, wheat, and rye. This ailment manifests in individuals with hereditary susceptibility and under the sway of environmental stimulants, counting, in addition to gluten and intestinal microbiota dysbiosis. Currently, the only recommended treatment for this condition is to follow a gluten-free diet for life. In this review, we scrutinized the studies of recent years that focused on the use of postbiotics in vitro and in vivo in CD. The investigation of postbiotics in CD could be intriguing to observe their diverse effects on several pathways. This study highlights the definitions, characteristics, and safety issues of postbiotics and their possible biological role in the prevention and treatment of CD, as well as their application in the food and drug industry.

Postbiotics represent an innovative group of bioactive compounds generated through the fermentation of probiotics. Postbiotics are nonviable bacterial constituents, such as cell wall fragments, teichoic acids, peptidoglycans, and probiotic metabolites, such as exopolysaccharides, short chain fatty acids, and enzymes, which are soluble in cell-free supernatant. They are safe and efficient alternatives to probiotics. Studies have demonstrated their health benefits on different parts of the body, such as the gastrointestinal, neurological, and cardiovascular systems. The extraction of postbiotics can be achieved using either synthetic culture media or sustainable resources such as sugarcane straw. The extraction and identification of postbiotics involve techniques such as centrifugation, ultrafiltration, chromatography, and mass spectrometry. The production process typically includes the fermentation of probiotics, treatment to alter the nature of postbiotics, and subsequent harvesting and concentration. The efficacy of postbiotics in various applications, including food preservation, packaging, and as biofilm control agents, highlights their potential to replace chemical preservatives and enhance food quality. Despite their promising benefits, the application of postbiotics faces challenges, and they need further research to understand their mechanisms and establish safety standards. Graphical Abstract

Background Postbiotics, also called biogenics, metabiotics, or Cell-Free Supernatants (CFS), are soluble compounds produced by live probiotic microorganisms or released after the lysis of probiotics that could provide beneficial health effects to the host. Objective This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the antimicrobial, antibiofilm, antioxidant, and cytotoxic effects of postbiotics derived from Lactobacillus acidophilus. Methods In this study, the antimicrobial properties of the postbiotic of L. acidophilus on Staphylococcus aureus were investigated in different experimental settings, in-vitro, and pasteurized milk. The antioxidant effect of postbiotic was also evaluated by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2, 20-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) method. Furthermore, the chemical composition of the postbiotics was identified via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The cytotoxic effects of the compounds were investigated using a human normal cell line. Results and Discussion According to the results, postbiotics had aconcentration-dependent antimicrobial effect, and the inhibitory effect increased with increasing concentrations. The antimicrobial activity was mainly linked with lactic acid and laurostearic acid. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the prepared postbiotic was determined to be 100 mg/ml. The lowest Minimum Effective Concentration (MEC) of postbiotics significantly differed in the food matrix, and a low MEC (minimum effective concentration) index (150 mg/ml) was detected for postbiotic of L. acidophilus. Conclusion Therefore, the prepared postbiotic should be subjected to more in-depth analysis to examine its suitability as a food additive.

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a ubiquitous condition affecting countless women worldwide during their reproductive years. This intricate interplay of factors culminates in a spectrum of symptoms during the luteal phase, occurring 7-14 days before menstruation. These symptoms encompass a wide range of physical discomforts, including weight gain, mastalgia, headaches, nasal obstruction, paresthesia, as well as psychological challenges like irritability, anxiety and depression. In response to the multifaceted nature of PMS, numerous therapeutic options have been recommended to alleviate its burdens. Amidst growing global concern, both the World Health Organization and legislative bodies seek cost-effective, accessible treatments with minimal side effects for managing PMS symptoms. This review embarks on a journey to explore intriguing possibilities for managing PMS symptoms by delving into the realms of gut health, dietary interventions and the use of probiotic supplements. This article will uncover how the intricate connection between our gut and overall wellbeing could offer new avenues for improving the lives of those affected by PMS.

In the last 40 years, there has been a significant increase in the number of people who are overweight, obese and experience combined metabolic disorders. Gut microbiota has been shown to influence energy metabolism and is therefore a significant factor in the development of obesity. A person's diet, in particular, the nutritional value of that diet, is a crucial connection between gut microbiota composition and metabolism. This review explores the role of normal colonic microbiota and the gut environment. These mechanisms connect microbiota with obesity, the presence of gut microbiota in obese individuals and the impact of bioactive compounds in dairy products on gut microbiota. Research shows that gut microbiota play a crucial role in regulating energy metabolism and influencing the development of obesity. Changes in diet can alter the composition and levels of gut microbiota, and consuming bioactive components can help reshape the metabolic profile of obese individuals.

The COVID-19 pandemic had a profoundly negative impact on the general public's mental health. The crucial role of diet and nutrition in various aspects of mental wellbeing is now widely recognised. People in confinement or isolation may experience heightened tension, anger, panic attacks and anxiety. Psychosocial pressures, including interpersonal loss and social rejection, cause changes in mind–body interactions. An individual's physical health influences their physiological reaction (in terms of psychological stress) in COVID-19-afflicted patients. There is a growing body of research on the phenomenon termed the microbiome and the brain. According to preclinical data, this axis is essential for controlling both brain activity and behaviour. Given the strong connection between our dietary choices and our mental state, this review explores the relationship between diet and mental health. It also considers how food and the use of psychobiotics can alleviate psychological distress caused by stress, anxiety and depression, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.