Rosa María Reyes Martínez’s research while affiliated with Technological Institute of Ciudad Juárez and other places

En la literatura podemos encontrar diversos métodos de balanceo de líneas, sin embargo la mayoría de ellos solo son probados en problemas teóricos. La presente investigación utiliza el algoritmo genético para balanceo de líneas, basado en 10 reglas heurísticas, propuesto por Martínez y Duff (2004) para aplicarlo en una celda de manufactura de producto médico.

El presente artículo se desarrolló a partir de los resultados obtenidos al aplicar la metodología DMAIC de Seis Sigma en el proceso de cerraduras del ramo automotriz. El objetivo de esta investigación fue reducir el defecto principal que se genera es la línea de producción de cerraduras. Este artículo presenta cómo implementar la metodología DMAIC como un elemento de mejora continua en la práctica de reducción de defectos.

El objetivo de este trabajo fue validar la confiabilidad y validez estadística de la NOM-035-STPS-2018, en específico del dominio Relaciones en el trabajo. Metodológicamente, se aplicó la Guía de Referencia III para recopilar datos mediante un muestreo no probabilístico en tres compañías automotrices de Ciudad Juárez, México. En total, 250 supervisores respondieron el instrumento. En primer lugar, se verificó la confiabilidad mediante el alfa de Cronbach y alfa ordinal. Posteriormente se realizó la prueba de Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) y Bartlett. Entre los resultados, el dominio Relaciones en el trabajo obtuvo un alfa de Cronbach de 0.913, mientras que las dimensiones “Relaciones sociales en el trabajo” y “Deficiente relación con los colaboradores que supervisa” obtuvieron valores de este indicador de 0.879 y 0.975, respectivamente. Por otro lado, el alfa ordinal obtuvo valores superiores a 0.90 en las dos dimensiones. El KMO obtenido fue de 0.838 y la prueba de Bartlett resultó ser significativa (p = 0.000). En consecuencia, el análisis factorial exploratorio extrajo los dos factores propuestos por la norma. Dichos factores contribuyen a 79.11 % de la varianza acumulada. El análisis factorial confirmatorio mostró un buen ajuste del modelo. En conclusión, el instrumento y las dimensiones propuestas pueden ser utilizados como herramienta de evaluación para medir el factor psicosocial Relaciones en el trabajo (dominio de la NOM-035), ya que muestran valores aceptables en términos de confiabilidad estadística.

La medición es un aspecto clave para evaluar el resultado de cualquier proceso. Las líneas de ensamble deben medirse considerando la confiabilidad tanto del producto como del proceso de producción. El propósito de este estudio fue desarrollar una metodología que permitiera conocer el estado de una línea de ensamble y que integrara un modelo de medición para obtener un índice de confiabilidad para una línea de este tipo de la industria automotriz. Los dos productos resultantes de este estudio fueron la metodología con su estructura en etapas y el modelo matemático. La metodología está compuesta de cinco etapas y el modelo de cuatro elementos. La confiabilidad pudo ser calculada para una línea de ensamble de la industria automotriz haciendo uso de la media de la distribución de mejor ajuste. Lo anterior permitió detectar el índice que más afectó a la confiabilidad general. El índice que más afectó al valor de confiabilidad general fue el de disponibilidad con 75.55 %, seguido del índice de eficiencia con 87.25 %, continuando con el índice de calidad con 90.15 % y, por último, con el menor efecto, está el índice de capacidad de entrega con 97.75 %.

Companies are in constant search of greater productivity and better use of resources; however, they have neglected the human being. In this regard, it is important to analyze the presence of the psychosocial factors to which workers are exposed at all levels. These factors exert both a positive and a negative influence and indeed turn into a risk when they are not in balance with worker capabilities. This literature review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the psychosocial factors present in the manufacturing industries. The methodology consisted of conducting a search in two databases in addition to government pages. A combination of keywords was used for the search, and each publication was classified according to the factors analyzed, the type of evaluation, and the area of application. Out of all 2,468 publications found, eight were selected. Finally, work-related psychosocial factors were found to be the most analyzed.

Usability is the characteristic of a software product of being effective and efficient and producing satisfaction for users and traditionally is assessed through questionnaires but most of them are only available in English. A software usability assessment questionnaire (SUAQ) is proposed in two languages: Spanish and English. The methodology comprises four stages: 1) questionnaire development, 2) administration, 3) statistical validation, and 4) sample size determination. Twenty items were evaluated in terms of clarity, consistency, and relevancy. Then, the SUAQ was administered to 95 respondents. Overall, reliability values were acceptable in Spanish and English version, respectively. The factor analysis was feasible since the KMO index, and the Bartlett sphericity test was statistically significant. Both versions of SUAQ were tested to determine their validity. The findings show that the proposed methodology is an effective usability assessment instrument and thus an effective software improvement tool from a bilingual approach.

Companies are in constant search of greater productivity and better use of resources; however, they have neglected the human being. In this regard, it is important to analyze the presence of the psychosocial factors to which workers are exposed at all levels. These factors exert both a positive and a negative influence and indeed turn into a risk when they are not in balance with worker capabilities. This literature review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the psychosocial factors present in the manufacturing industries. The methodology consisted of conducting a search in two databases in addition to government pages. A combination of keywords was used for the search, and each publication was classified according to the factors analyzed, the type of evaluation, and the area of application. Out of all 2,468 publications found, eight were selected. Finally, work-related psychosocial factors were found to be the most analyzed.

The information provided by brainwaves allows the identification of many things such as: mental diseases, fatigue, stress, attention span and level of engagement, for example in the area of logistics, transportation accidents occurred due to driver’s fatigue. These accidents might be prevented by monitoring the cognitive states with the help of Electroencephalograms (EEG), with a substantial impact in the supply chain processes. Nowadays, manual assembly operations are still used in the industry, in spite of the current technological advances. The experiment carried in this work comprised the manual assembly of a Legos car containing 122 small pieces. The production line in a laboratory setting was divided into three work stations. The experiment length was three hours for each person. Also, in each hour the standard time was changed in order to increase the mental work load of the workers. The first hour was performed at 100%, the second at 80% and the third at 70% of the standard time. The Emotiv Epoc wireless device and the Emotiv Pro software were used to record brain activity (EEG). This work focused in the existence of differences regarding the behavior of brainwaves within the three people who performed the experiment and, also in the presence of differences during the three standard times. The results of the study showed that, there is a statistically significant difference when working with three different standard times and there are also differences in the brainwaves behavior of the people who performed the experiment.

Usability is the characteristic of a software product of being effective and efficient and producing satisfaction for users and traditionally is assessed through questionnaires but most of them are only available in English. A software usability assessment questionnaire (SUAQ) is proposed in two languages: Spanish and English. The methodology comprises four stages: 1) questionnaire development, 2) administration, 3) statistical validation, and 4) sample size determination. Twenty items were evaluated in terms of clarity, consistency, and relevancy. Then, the SUAQ was administered to 95 respondents. Overall, reliability values were acceptable in Spanish and English version, respectively. The factor analysis was feasible since the KMO index, and the Bartlett sphericity test was statistically significant. Both versions of SUAQ were tested to determine their validity. The findings show that the proposed methodology is an effective usability assessment instrument and thus an effective software improvement tool from a bilingual approach.

This document presents an advance study of the sociotechnical factors that influence the human errors that affect the manufacture processes in the maquiladora industry. The purpose of the research is to determine the root causes of human errors from an approach of the human reliability in sociotechnical systems. The scientific methodology used is located in cognitive anthropology, by applying methods of analysis from a cultural consensus. It was used on data collection, an instrumented and structured interview known as free listings. The methodological approach of the study corresponds to a mixed methods. The study was designed transversal, exploratory and descriptive. The interviewed population was supervisors, technicians and engineers, of the two main modalities existing in the companies production area and those from quality area. With this research it is possible to make a contribution for a better classification of root causes in human errors affecting now the manufacture processes in the maquiladora industry in Tijuana, Mexico. With this knowledge may propose preventive and corrective actions in continuous improvement projects inside manufacture processes.