Rohan Bennett’s research while affiliated with Addis Ababa Institute of Technology and other places

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Publications (168)


Digital Transformation in Indonesian Land Administration
  • Chapter

November 2023

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26 Reads

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2 Citations

Rohan Mark Bennett

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Indra Roharatua Hutabarat

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[...]

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Aulia Latif

Figure 1: UML diagram showing equal rights associated to three spatial units. Both parties hold a share; the woman has a share equal to half and the male also has a share equal to half.
Figure 2: UML diagram showing unequal rights associated to three females and one male. The male has a share equal to half, but only one female has a share equal to half.
Gender-sensitive design of land administration systems Supporting gender equality with LADM requirements, modelling and assessment
  • Article
  • Full-text available

October 2023

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142 Reads

GIM International

The design of land administration systems needs to meet gender-sensitive requirements in order to better understand and strengthen the documentation and recordation of women's land rights. So as a blueprint for building a land administration system, is the Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) gender-sensitive? And what exactly are gender-sensitive requirements? This article assesses the gender sensitivity of LADM from a technical perspective.

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Furthering Automatic Feature Extraction for Fit-for-Purpose Cadastral Updating: Cases from Peri-Urban Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

August 2023

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147 Reads

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3 Citations

Fit-for-purpose land administration (FFPLA) seeks to simplify cadastral mapping via lowering the costs and time associated with conventional surveying methods. This approach can be applied to both the initial establishment and on-going maintenance of the system. In Ethiopia, cadastral maintenance remains an on-going challenge, especially in rapidly urbanizing peri-urban areas, where farmers’ land rights and tenure security are often jeopardized. Automatic Feature Extraction (AFE) is an emerging FFPLA approach, proposed as an alternative for mapping and updating cadastral boundaries. This study explores the role of the AFE approach for updating cadastral boundaries in the vibrant peri-urban areas of Addis Ababa. Open-source software solutions were utilized to assess the (semi-) automatic extraction of cadastral boundaries from orthophotos (segmentation), designation of “boundary” and “non-boundary” outlines (classification), and delimitation of cadastral boundaries (interactive delineation). Both qualitative and quantitative assessments of the achieved results (validation) were undertaken. A high-resolution orthophoto of the study area and a reference cadastral boundary shape file were used, respectively, for extracting the parcel boundaries and validating the interactive delineation results. Qualitative (visual) assessment verified the completed extraction of newly constructed cadastral boundaries in the study area, although non-boundary outlines such as footpaths and artifacts were also retrieved. For the buffer overlay analysis, the interactively delineated boundary lines and the reference cadastre were buffered within the spatial accuracy limits for urban and rural cadastres. As a result, the quantitative assessment delivered 52% correctness and 32% completeness for a buffer width of 0.4 m and 0.6 m, respectively, for the interactively delineated and reference boundaries. The study proposed publicly available software solutions and outlined a workflow to (semi-) automatically extract cadastral boundaries from aerial/satellite images. It further demonstrated the potentially significant role AFE could play in delivering fast, affordable, and reliable cadastral mapping. Further investigation, based on user input and expertise evaluation, could help to improve the approach and apply it to a real-world setting.


Furthering Automatic Feature Extraction for Fit-for-Purpose Cadastral Updating: Cases from Peri-Urban Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

June 2023

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214 Reads

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1 Citation

Fit-for-purpose land administration (FFPLA) seeks to simplify cadastral mapping via lowering the costs and time associated with conventional surveying methods. The approach can be applied to both initial establishment and on-going maintenance of system. In Ethiopia, cadastral maintenance remains an on-going challenge, especially in rapidly urbanizing peri-urban areas, where farmers' land rights and tenure security are often jeopardized. Automatic Feature Extraction (AFE) is an emerging FFPLA approach, proposed as an alternative for mapping and updating cadastral boundaries. This study explores the role of the AFE approach for updating cadastral boundaries in the vibrant peri-urban areas of Addis Ababa. Open-source software solutions are utilized to assess the (semi-) automatic extraction of cadastral boundaries from orthophotos (segmentation), designation of 'boundary' and 'non-boundary' outlines (classification), and delimitation of cadastral boundaries (interactive delineation). Both qualitative and quantitative assessments of the achieved results (validation) are undertaken. A high-resolution orthophoto of the study area and a reference cadastral boundary shape file are used, respectively, for extracting the parcel boundaries and validating the interactive delineation results. Qualitative (visual) assessment verified the completed extraction of newly constructed cadastral boundaries in the study area, although non-boundary outlines such as footpaths and artefacts are also retrieved. For the buffer overlay analysis, the interactively delineated boundary lines and the reference cadastre were buffered within the spatial accuracy limits for urban and rural cadasters. As a result, the quantitative assessment delivered 52% correctness and 32% completeness for a buffer width of 0.4m and 0.6m, respectively, for the interactively delineated and reference boundaries. The study further demonstrated the potentially significant role AFE could assist in delivering fast, affordable, and reliable cadastral mapping. Further investigation, based on user input and expertise evaluation, could help to improve the approach and apply it to a real-world setting.


Women’s access to land and the Land Administration Domain Model (LADM): Requirements, modelling and assessment

March 2023

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186 Reads

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9 Citations

Land Use Policy

Beyond international guidelines and agreements, over the last decade the focus of the global development community turned to collaboratively designing technical methodologies and tools to support women’s access to land. The Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) provides a prime example of one of these technical initiatives. Whilst LADM was developed with the aim to support the access to land for women and vulnerable groups as a key design criterion, many other potentially conflicting requirements influenced the developed model. Moreover, after a decade of the standard being in practice and applied in various country contexts, there now exists the impetus and opportunity to assess whether the LADM can support the access to land for women and vulnerable groups in practice, including an assessment of the standard against new international standards and agreements emerging over the previous decade. This paper therefore assesses the gender sensitivity of the LADM, from a technical perspective, which is needed to better understand and therefore support and strengthen the documentation and recordation of women’s land rights through standard based systems, and basic datasets. The research type ‘modelling’ is followed to identify requirements from related land administration literature, and to model and match these with the current Edition I of the LADM. The status of the current version of the LADM with regards to whether, and if how it deals with these requirements was assessed. Potential actions for improvements to the LADM were recorded and some examples illustrate options of people to land relationships considering a women perspective and how the LADM would currently model those people-to-land relationships. The assessment shows that the LADM contains significant functionality to support women’s access to land and hence support the implementation of a gender sensitive land administration system. The potential and importance of standards, such as the LADM, and their role in the recognition of women’s land rights is shown and therefore future developments and uptake of such standards are seen as imperative for the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.


The peri-urban cadastre of Addis Ababa: Status, challenges, and fit-for-purpose prospects

February 2023

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192 Reads

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6 Citations

Land Use Policy

Ethiopia is developing its land administration systems to support the adjudication and registration of approximately 50 million land holdings. Being a federalized country, and with differing land policies and laws for urban and rural lands, multiple cadastral and land registration systems are under development, each intended to be eventually integrated. Taken holistically, the system is not yet fully functional. Peri-urban areas present a special challenge, where previous studies demonstrate administrative overlaps and voids contribute to community uncertainty and conflicts. Fit-for-purpose Land Administration (FFPLA) approaches offer the opportunity to rethink land administration in these areas. In this vein, this study explores the status and contemporary cadastral information demands of peri-urban areas for land administration development opportunities, focusing on the specific case of the capital, Addis Ababa. The interpretivist/constructivist research paradigm guides the development of a mixed methodology. It enables the creation of an aggregate understanding of the status of the land administration function in the case area – based on local office-level data. It is found that whilst the current approach to cadastral development in Addis Ababa can be seen to exhibit FFPLA characteristics, there still remains a diverse mix of political, legal, spatial, institutional, and technical constraints for further implementing the methodology. The work also finds the integrated application of geospatial technologies is most appropriate for data capture in the Addis Ababa context. Moreover, comprehensive upskilling and retraining of the existing workforce, and the future workforce, is needed.


Cont.
Land Administration As-A-Service: Relevance, Applications, and Models

January 2023

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196 Reads

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5 Citations

Land

The ‘as-a-Service’ (aaS) concept of the IT sector is suggested to reduce upfront and ongoing costs, enable easier scaling, and make for simpler system upgrades. The concept is explored in relation to the domain of land administration, with a view to examining its relevance, application, and potential adaptation. Specifically, these aspects are analysed against the long-standing problem of land administration system maintenance. Two discrete literature reviews, a comparative analysis, and final modelling work constitute the research design. Of the 35 underlying land administration maintenance issues identified, aaS is found to directly respond to 15, indirectly support another 15, and provide no immediate benefit to 5. Most prominent are the ability of aaS to support issues relating to financial sustainability, continuous innovation, and human capacity provision. The approach is found to be already in use in various country contexts. It is articulated by the UNECE as one of four scenarios for future land administration development. In terms of adaptation, the 4-tier framework from Enterprise Architecture—consisting of Business, Application, Information, and Technology layers—is used to model and describe five specific aaS approaches: (i) On Premises; (ii) Basic Outsourcing; (iii) Public Private Partnership; (iv) Fully Privatised; and (v) Subscription. Several are more theoretical in nature but may see future adoption. Each requires further development, including case analyses, to support more detailed definitions of the required underlying legal frameworks, financial models, partnerships arrangements, data responsibilities, and so on. Decisions on the appropriate aaS model, and the application of aaS more generally, are entirely dependent on the specific country context. Overall, this work provides a platform for land administration researchers and practitioners to analyse the relevance and implementation options of the aaS concept.


FELA: Goals, Requirements, and Pathways [9]. From Framework for Effective Land Administration, by UNGGIM. © United Nations 2022. Reprinted with the permission of the United Nations.
Summary of FFPLA implementation practices and studies
Global implementations of FFPLA key principles and the expected elements to achieve
FFPLA and FELA implementation checklist based on [14] and [9]
Fit-for-Purpose Land Administration and the Framework for Effective Land Administration: Synthesis of Contemporary Experiences

December 2022

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449 Reads

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9 Citations

Land

Despite the significant and explicit focus on the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), much of the world's land rights remain unrecorded and outside formal government systems. Blame is often placed on land administration processes that are considered slow, expensive, and expertise-dependent. Fit-For-Purpose Land Administration (FFPLA) has been suggested as an alternative, time and cost-effective approach. Likewise, the UN endorsed Framework for Effective Land Administration (FELA) demands attention to worldwide tenure insecurity by directly linking it to responsible land administration. Implementation of FFPLA and FELA is country-context dependent, and there are now many lessons of execution from various jurisdictions. Undertaken in 2022, this study synthesizes a review of experiences to provide a further update on the best global FFPLA implementation practices and inform approaches for future FFPLA projects. A systematic review is adopted as the research methodology, and contemporary articles from the internationally recognized land administration discourse are examined. The studies focus on FFPLA implementation practices and innovative approaches for delivering land tenure security. A checklist is developed, based on the FELA strategic pathways and the FFPLA fundamental framework principles and characteristic elements, to identify best implementation practices. Success stories across the globe show that the FFPLA characteristic elements and the FELA pathway goals are achieved through effective execution of the FFPLA framework key principles. As a result, the study identified successful FFPLA implementation practices in Asia and Africa, which can be synthesized and extended to realize tenure security in rapidly urbanizing areas. However, further study is necessary to determine the efficacy, practicability, innovativeness, and transferability of the best practices to other land administration scenarios.


Towards effective land administration: what is striking about the digital transformation for Land Administration in Developing Context

September 2022

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324 Reads

The report "Land Information and Transaction Systems-State of Practise and Decision Tools for Future Investments" (prepared by Land Equity International for the Millennium Challenge Corporation, MCC/LEI) gives a very clear overview of the ongoing debate in developing Land Information Systems in developing countries with the financing and maintenance aspects. The present paper shares experiences in the fields of ICT and land administration by Kadaster International-as a case to draw attention to and learn from for future applications, specifically the need for recognize and bridge the gap between the domains of land administration (including surveying, mapping, and land law) and ICT, in terms capacity and system continuity. This paper serves to initiate a discussion to contribute to solutions from within the profession. The MCC/LEI report was the trigger and strong inspiration for this. We are trying to start a discussion. In many countries, ICT and land administration have a continuity problem. When the donor leaves, in many cases the development of ICT stagnates. With the commitment of all those involved, the question is if this can be done differently? This question is central to this paper. And: how can we secure long-term investments in ICT in land administration in environments where there is strong political will and political support to modernise the land administration?


Remote Sensing for Land Administration 2.0

September 2022

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192 Reads

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7 Citations

Contemporary land administration (LA) systems incorporate the concepts of cadastre and land registration. Conceptually, LA is part of a global land management paradigm incorporating LA functions such as land value, land tenure, land development, and land use. The implementation of land-related policies integrated with well-maintained spatial information reflects the aim set by the United Nations to deliver tenure security for all (Sustainable Development Goal target 1.4, amongst many others). Innovative methods for data acquisition, processing, and maintaining spatial information are needed in response to the global challenges of urbanization and complex urban infrastructure. Current technological developments in remote sensing and geo-spatial information science provide enormous opportunities in this respect. Over the past decade, the increasing usage of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), satellite and airborne-based acquisitions, as well as active remote sensing sensors such as LiDAR, resulted in high spatial, spectral, radiometric, and temporal resolution data. Moreover, significant progress has also been achieved in automatic image orientation, surface reconstruction, scene analysis, change detection, classification, and automatic feature extraction with the help of artificial intelligence, spatial statistics, and machine learning. These technology developments, applied to LA, are now being actively demonstrated, piloted, and scaled. This Special Issue hosts papers focusing on the usage and integration of emerging remote sensing techniques and their potential contribution to the LA domain.


Citations (88)


... This significance is driven by the empirically validated notion that the optimisation of LADM through value dynamics interoperability can contribute to the emergence of more efficient, transparent, and sustainable land administration systems that ultimately enhance the quality of life for urban residents (Bennett et al., 2024;Kara et al., 2018;. To achieve the aim of exploring the applicability, strengths, limitations, and research gaps in integrating value dynamics modeling within LADM, we have adopted the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) approach in consistency with (Afzal et al., 2023;Liberati et al., 2009). ...

Reference:

Value Dynamics Modelling in Land Administration Domain Models: Research Agenda
Digital Transformation in Indonesian Land Administration
  • Citing Chapter
  • November 2023

... Apart from the aspect of land governance, another agenda item for the spatial analysis is land administration, particularly fit-for-purpose land administration. According to the study by Metaferia et al. [37], who examined the advancement of automatic feature extraction for fit-for-purpose cadastral updating, the fit-for-purpose land administration appears to be crucial for streamlining the initial cadastral mapping tasks. In comparison to the manual digitization system, the authors' automated feature extraction (AFE) process saves time and energy by enabling the mapping, updating of cadastral boundaries, and separation of cadastral and non-cadastral boundaries. ...

Furthering Automatic Feature Extraction for Fit-for-Purpose Cadastral Updating: Cases from Peri-Urban Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

... This goal also needs new models of information processing and data representation. There is no unified system concept nor there is a smart city-level software platform for rural areas and small towns [2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Existing solutions focus on land management [2; 6; 8-12] or smart city platforms for larger agglomerations [7; 13]. ...

Land Administration As-A-Service: Relevance, Applications, and Models

Land

... Furthermore, high resolution data are needed in order for community needs, justice, and equity to be met. 75,76 Investing in data-collection processes that are coproduced with people facing an immobility risk together with decision makers is a key step to outlining and addressing these data challenges. Then, the integration, translation and decision-making steps need to re ect both the data from the co-production process, as well as other lessons learned from this process. ...

Women’s access to land and the Land Administration Domain Model (LADM): Requirements, modelling and assessment

Land Use Policy

... An LAS [144] which contains land-related data and enables economic, social, and environmental sustainability through efficient land management can fulfil this expectation. The main focus of LASs is identifying, managing, publishing [145], and protecting [146] landrelated RRRs. ...

Fit-for-Purpose Land Administration and the Framework for Effective Land Administration: Synthesis of Contemporary Experiences

Land

... This also suggests that such a design can benefit poverty alleviation, food security, and good governance in the context of sustainable development. Some articles provide recommendations based on FFPLA for LASs' maintenance, improvement, and renewal [155][156][157][158][159]. Bennett et al. [156] emphasize that emerging FFPLA solutions are valuable in LA maintenance. ...

The peri-urban cadastre of Addis Ababa: Status, challenges, and fit-for-purpose prospects
  • Citing Article
  • February 2023

Land Use Policy

... The Ministry of ATR/BPN has unquestionably applied this approach to accelerate land registration and improve the accuracy of land data [31]. The FFP-LA idea comprises three primary frameworks: geographical, legal, and institutional [32,33]. This concept is only partially consistent with the actuality of enhancing data quality. ...

Remote Sensing for Land Administration 2.0

... In addition, Chinese scholars have explored various unconventional types of land modeling, such as open homestead usage rights or management rights, which can be conceptually described and supported by LADM [24]. Concerning the easement of urban building space, it represents a time-limited three-dimensional passage. ...

An LADM–based model to facilitate land tenure reform of rural homesteads in China
  • Citing Article
  • September 2022

Land Use Policy

... The question of norms and approaches is a transversal issue closely linked to the data, legal and political aspects of systems (Stocker et al., 2022). Norms are important in determining what types of information a cadastral system should be looking for. ...

Scaling up UAVs for land administration: Towards the plateau of productivity

Land Use Policy

... Међутим, употребом ГИС софтвера, користи се векторски фајл који је настао даљинском детекцијом, тј. на основу сателитских снимака, који пружају прецизније податке (Bennett et al., 2021). ...

Review of Remote Sensing for Land Administration: Origins, Debates, and Selected Cases