Robin Lacassin's research while affiliated with Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris and other places
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Publications (132)
The Andes are an emblematic active Cordilleran orogen. Mountain building in the Central Andes (∼20∘ S) started by the Late Cretaceous to early Cenozoic along the subduction margin and propagated eastward. In general, the structures sustaining the uplift of the western flank of the Andes are dismissed, and their contribution to mountain building rem...
Several crustal and lithospheric mechanisms lead to deformation and vertical motion of the upper plate during subduction, but their relative contribution is often enigmatic. Multiple areas of the Hellenic Forearc have been uplifting since Plio‐Quaternary times, yet spatiotemporal characteristics and sources of this uplift are poorly resolved. The r...
The Andes are an emblematic active Cordilleran orogen. Mountain-building in the Central Andes (~20° S) started by Late Cretaceous to Early Cenozoic along the subduction margin, and propagated eastward. In general, the structures sustaining the uplift of the western flank of the Andes are dismissed, and their contribution to mountain-building remain...
Population information is a fundamental issue for effective disaster risk
reduction. As demonstrated by numerous past and present crises, implementing an effective communication strategy is, however, not a trivial matter. This paper draws lessons from the seismo-volcanic “crisis” that began in the French overseas department of Mayotte in May 2018 a...
The Andes are an emblematic active Cordilleran orogen. It is admitted that mountain-building in the Central Andes at ~20°S started by Late Cretaceous to Early Cenozoic along the subduction margin, and propagated eastward. In general, the structures sustaining the uplift of the West Andean flank are dismissed, and their contribution to mountain-buil...
Several crustal and lithospheric mechanisms lead to deformation and vertical motion of the upper plate during subduction, but their relative contribution is often enigmatic. The Hellenic Forearc has been uplifting since Plio-Quaternary times, yet the spatiotemporal characteristics and sources of this uplift are poorly resolved. The remarkable geolo...
On 10 May 2018, an active seismic crisis began on French island of Mayotte, which a year later will be shown to be related to offshore volcanic activity. It affects a vulnerable territory exposed to risks of many kinds (poverty, violence, lack of basic resources). In the absence of known events in human memory, the population is naive with regard t...
Twitter is an established social media platform valued by scholars as an open way to disseminate scientific information and to publicly discuss research results. Scientific discussions on Twitter are viewed by the media, who can then pass on information to the wider public. Social media is used widely by geoscientists, but there is little documenta...
Topography in forearc regions reflects tectonic processes along the subduction interface, from seismic cycle-related transients to long-term competition between accretion and ero- sion. Yet, no consensus exists about the topography drivers, especially as the contribution of deep accretion remains poorly constrained. Here, we use thermo-mechanical s...
Understanding early rifting of continental lithosphere requires accurate descriptions of up‐bended rift margins and footwalls that ought to correlate in space and time with the elastic flexural uplift that produces them. Here we characterize the geometry of elastic flexural uplift by continental rifting at its spatiotemporal scale in nature (tens o...
Abstract. Twitter is an established social media platform valued by scholars as an open way to disseminate scientific information and to publicly discuss research results. Scientific discussions are widely viewed by the media who can then pass on information to the wider public. Here, we take the example of two 2018 earthquake-related events which...
This review shows how collective analysis of morphotectonic elements on uplifting rift margins can constrain the mechanical behaviour of continents during early rifting. This is shown for the modern Corinth Rift, one of the fastest-extending and most seismically active continental regions worldwide. We reconstruct the growth of the normal fault sys...
The Andes are the modern active example of a Cordilleran-type orogen, with mountain-building and crustal thickening within the upper plate of a subduction zone. Despite numerous studies of this emblematic mountain range, several primary traits of this orogeny remain unresolved or poorly documented. The onset of uplift and deformation of the Frontal...
The Andes are the modern active example of a subduction-type orogen, with mountain-building and crustal thickening within the upper plate of a subduction zone. Despite numerous studies of this emblematic mountain range, several primary traits of this orogeny remain unresolved or poorly documented. The onset of uplift and deformation of the Frontal...
Geomorphic strain markers accumulating the effects of many earthquake cycles help to constrain the mechanical behaviour of continental rift systems as well as the related seismic hazards. In the Corinth Rift (Greece), the unique record of onshore and offshore markers of Pleistocene ~100-ka climate cycles provides an outstanding possibility to const...
The modern Corinth Rift is one of the fastest extending regions worldwide and has the highest seismicity in Europe. Most of this strain and seismicity occur in relation with the extensional fault system bounding the continental rift to the south. The rift-bounding fault dips north and accommodates nearly pure N-S extension, leading to lithospheric...
Crustal elastic flexure on the flanks of rift-forming faults is a key feature to characterize continental rifting processes that can be resolved by means of transient river drainages on rift footwalls. Here we show that the elastic flexure dynamics of the uplifting southern shoulder of the rapidly-extending, asymmetric Corinth Rift (Greece) are rec...
Elastic flexure of the lithosphere is commonly used to model crustal mechanics, rheology and dynamics. However, accurate characterizations of flexure in nature at the spatiotemporal scale of active continental rifting (tens of km; 10^4-10^6 yr) are scant. We use exceptionally preserved geomorphic evidence in the asymmetric, young and fast-extending...
Widespread sequences of uplifted marine terraces express multi-scale climatic and tectonic processes, but their analysis is typically biased by the considered sea-level curve. Here we explore the influence of Quaternary sea-level (SL) curves on the geometry of the marine terrace sequence at Xylokastro (Corinth Rift) using a numerical model of sea-c...
Propagation processes of plate-scale faults through continental lithosphere are poorly documented. The North Anatolian Fault (NAF) is a continental right-lateral transform with striking evidence for propagation processes in the Marmara Sea pull-apart region. Earlier work (Armijo et al., 1999, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1999)027<0267:WPOTNA>2...
Propagation processes of plate-scale faults through continental lithosphere are poorly documented. The North Anatolian fault (NAF) is a continental right-lateral transform with striking evidence for propagation processes in the Marmara Sea pull-apart region. Earlier work [Armijo et al., 1999] suggests that in the Dardanelles, where the principal, n...
Study of now-exhumed ancient subduction zones has evidenced km-scale tectonic units of marine sediments and oceanic crust that have been tectonically underplated (i.e. basally accreted) to the overriding plate at more than 20-km depth. However, the rare examples of such a huge mass transfer in active subduction zones (e.g. SW-Japan, New-Zealand, Ch...
West-verging thrusts, synthetic with the Nazca - South America subduction interface, have been recently discovered at the western front of the Andes. At ~33°30’S, the active San Ramón fault stands as the most frontal of these west-verging structures, and represents a major earthquake threat for Santiago, capital city of Chile. Here we elaborate a d...
The Andean belt is the only present-day active case example of a subduction-type orogeny. However, an existing controversy opposes classical views of Andean growth as an east-verging retro-wedge, against a recently proposed bi-vergent model involving a primary west-vergent crustal-scale thrust synthetic to the subduction. We examine these diverging...
The Andean belt is the only present-day active case example of a subduction-type orogeny. However, an existing controversy opposes classical views of Andean growth as an east-verging retro-wedge, against a recently proposed bi-vergent model involving a primary west-vergent crustal-scale thrust synthetic to the subduction. We examine these diverging...
Off the back of the 2017 hurricanes we extend the notion of human-influenced meteo-hydro hazards to include deeper geophysical events. We question where to place Human responsibility in a changing world, and we outline ways to bridge the gaps between scientist’s technical knowledge and ‘meaning’ as it is understood by people at risk.This short Op-e...
Study of now-exhumed ancient subduction systems have evidenced km-scale tectonic units of marine sediments and oceanic crust that have been tectonically underplated (i.e. basally accreted) from the downgoing plate to the overriding plate at more than 30-km depth. Such huge mass transfers must have a major impact, both in term of long-term topograph...
The 2011 Japanese disaster often presented as a ‘new Chernobyl’ accumulated the effects of earthquake, tsunami and of the subsequent nuclear accident at Fukushima. In the light of this disaster, we review methodological rea- sons both from geophysical and philosophical perspectives that lead the scientific and technological communities to flawed co...
Geomorphic strain markers accumulating the effects of many earthquake cycles help to constrain the mechanical behaviour of continental rift systems as well as related seismic hazard. In the Corinth Rift (Greece), the remarkably rich record of onshore and offshore markers of Pleistocene 100ky climate cycles is unique worldwide and makes it a key sit...
Crustal elastic flexure on the flanks of rift-forming faults is a key feature to characterize continental rifting processes that can be resolved by means of transient river drainages on rift footwalls. Here we show that the elastic flexure dynamics of the uplifting southern shoulder of the rapidly-extending, asymmetric Corinth Rift (Greece) are rec...
Since 2009, Oklahoma has experienced a soar in induced seismicity, a side effect of extensive saltwater injection into subsurface sedimentary rocks. The seismic hazard entailed by these regional-scale injection operations is, however, difficult to assess. The 3 September 2016 Mw 5.8 Pawnee earthquake is the largest since the increase of seismic act...
West-verging thrusts, synthetic with the Nazca - South America subduction interface, have been recently discovered at the western front of the Andes. At ~33°30’S, the active San Ramón fault stands as the most frontal of these west-verging structures, and represents a major earthquake threat for Santiago, capital city of Chile. Here we elaborate a d...
The 2013 Mw7.7 Balochistan earthquake, Pakistan, ruptured the Hoshab fault. Left-lateral motion dominated the deformation pattern, although significant vertical motion is found along the southern part of the rupture. Correlation of high-resolution (2.5m) optical satellite images provided horizontal displacement along the entire rupture. In parallel...
The Andes, one of the most significant reliefs on Earth, is the case example of a subduction-type mountain belt. In central Chile and western Argentina, the particular east-vergent structure of the Aconcagua fold-and-thrust belt (AFTB) is found atop a huge basement high with elevations > 4000 m, the Frontal Cordillera. Classical conceptual models c...
We investigate the rupture process of the 25 April 2015 Gorkha earthquake (Mw=7.9) using a kinematic joint inversion of teleseismic waves, strong-motion data, high-rate GPS, static GPS and SAR data. The rupture is found to be simple in terms of coseismic slip and even more in terms of rupture velocity, as both inversion results and a complementing...
The 2011 Japanese disaster often presented as a ‘new Chernobyl’ accumulated the effects of earthquake, tsunami and of the subsequent nuclear accident at Fukushima. In the light of this disaster, we review methodological reasons both from geophysical and philosophical perspectives that lead the scientific and technological communities to flawed conc...
The largest tectonic relief breaking the Earth’s surface (13 km vertically) is at the subduction margin of the Andes, which generates routinely megathrust earthquakes (Mw > 8.5) and drives the paradigmatic Andean orogen. Here we present key geologic evidence to reassess first-order features of geomorphology and tectonics across the Central Andes, w...
The Andes-Altiplano orogenic system, one of the most significant topographic feature on Earth, is the case example of subduction-type mountain belts. This latter conceptual model considers that the overall structure of the mountain belt forms antithetic to the subduction zone which marks the main plate interface, and as such poses several mechanica...
Estimating the potential for the occurrence of large earthquakes on slow-slip-rate faults in
continental interiors, away from plate boundaries, is possible only if the long-term geological
record of past events is available. However, our knowledge of strong earthquakes appears to
be incomplete for thrust faults flanking large actively growing mount...
The western topography of the Central Andes in North Chile is marked by
the large flat surface of the Atacama bench (AB), the top surface of a
sedimentary basin hanging 1 km above sea level, limited to the West by a
1-km-high cliff - the Coastal Scarp (CS) - nearly continuous over a
distance of 700 km. These features form a coastal topographic step...
Field evidence for syn-deformation migmatization and crystallization
along the Karakorum fault contradicts the study of Wang et al. (2012).
The ages of such magmatic rocks provide minimum ages for the onset of
deformation at ˜23 Ma in North Ayilari and ˜19 Ma in
Tangtse. The onset of deformation at 12 Ma in the Ayilari range inferred
by Wang et al....
Field study, thermochronology and geochemistry of the east Lungmu Co (LMC) range highlight some of the geological events that shaped western Tibet. The LMC fault zone has long been interpreted as the boundary between the Tianshuihai terrane of Laurasian affinity and the Qiangtang block of Gondwanian affinity. In the LMC range, the Paleozoic series...
Studying the propagation processes of continental plate-scale
strike-slip faults over geological timescales (10^5 to 10^7 yr) appears
fundamental for our understanding of mechanical properties of
continental lithosphere. We discuss here the propagation of the North
Anatolian fault (NAF) across the structural low between the Black Sea
and the Aegean...
Large earthquakes produce crustal deformation that can be quantified by geodetic measurements, allowing for the determination of the slip distribution on the fault. We used data from Global Positioning System (GPS) networks in Central Chile to infer the static deformation and the kinematics of the 2010 moment magnitude (M(w)) 8.8 Maule megathrust e...
We have proposed earlier a new tectonic model for theevolution of the Andes mountain belt as a bivergent orogen.Here, to reply to a comment by Astini and Dávila [2010], wediscuss briefly the protracted diachronic evolution (over tensof million years) by propagating deformation at the largescale(over 102–103 km), its influence on basin formationin t...
On 20 March 2008, at 22:33:01 UTC, a Ms ≈ 7.3 earthquake struck the Pingding Range, south of the Ashikule basin and northeast of the Guliya ice cap in the Western Kunlun Mountains (Xinjiang, China). The earthquake (Ashikule earthquake) produced a >=32 km-long zone of fresh scarps and cracks, mostly along the large normal fault bounding the west...
The importance of west verging structures at the western flank of the Andes, parallel to the subduction zone, appears currently minimized. This hampers our understanding of the Andes‐Altiplano, one of the most significant mountain belts on Earth. We analyze a key tectonic section of the Andes at latitude 33.5°S, where the belt is in an early stage...
On 20 March 2008, at 22:33:01 UTC, a Ms ≈ 7.3 earthquake struck the Pingding Range, south of the Ashikule basin and northeast of the Guliya ice cap in the Western Kunlun Mountains (Xinjiang, China). The earthquake (Ashikule earthquake) produced a >=32 km-long zone of fresh scarps and cracks, mostly along the large normal fault bounding the west...
This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attachedcopy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial researchand education use, including for instruction at the authors institutionand sharing with colleagues.Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling orlicensing copies, or posting to personal, insti...
Quantification of slip and exhumation rates along the long recognized north-south trending active normal faults of the Tibetan plateau are key data in order to constrain mechanical models of the geodynamic evolution of the India-Asia convergence zone. In this study, we combine morphologic, structural, petrological analysis and low to medium thermo-...
Zircons and monazites from 6 samples of the North Ayilari dextral shear zone (NAsz), part of the Karakorum fault zone (KFZ), have been dated with the U-Th-Pb method, using both ID-TIMS and SIMS techniques. The ages reveal (1) inheritance from several events spanning a long period between the late Archean and the Jurassic; (2) an Eocene-Oligocene ma...
The Karakorum Fault zone (KFZ), lying in the west of the Tibetan plateau, is an important dextral strike-slip fault and the important northern geological boundary of the west Himalaya. In the AyilaRi' gyu Range-Gai Basin area lying in the southeast of the KFZ, Ar-40/Ar-39 thermochronologic analysis was performed on the syn-tectonic minerals in the,...
P. H. Leloup, P. Tapponnier & R. Lacassin write: In his recent paper, Searle (2006) acknowledges that the 1000 km long Ailao Shan–Red River shear zone is a large Miocene left-lateral shear zone, but speculates that left-lateral slip started after 21 Ma and claims that the total finite offset remains unknown. From this he concludes that continental...
