Robert W. Zmud's research while affiliated with University of Oklahoma and other places
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Publications (133)
Recent information systems (IS) publications reveal an emerging interest in studying post-adoptive system use behaviors. Compared to the well-established research stream of IS adoption and initial usage, understanding of IS use behaviors after initial implementation stage is still at its early stage. To further develop knowledge about this phenomen...
While the information systems scholarly and practice literatures both stress the importance of senior executive engagement with IT management, the recommendations for doing so remain, at best, limited and general. Examining the influence of serious IT-related deficiencies on CEO/CFO turnover within the post-SOX financial reporting context, specific...
In this paper we integrate the rich yet fragmented insights from the extensive literature on the diffusion of innovation into an elegant, coherent model. Using complex adaptive systems theory as the overarching framework, we integrate prior literature around three constructs: agents, interactions, and an environment. The integrated model is present...
Firms that develop market-focused technological innovations regularly employ strategic signals to influence market participants’ perceptions of the uncertainties that pervade innovation-based competition. Focusing on the standards war context, we argue that an innovation’s technical, market and standards uncertainties will vary as the innovation ev...
We are grateful to seminar participants at Bentley College and the City University of Hong Kong for their constructive comments. 2 Determinants of Budgeted IT Expenditures IT expenditures vary across firms and across industries, however very little empirical research has investigated the factors influencing the level of these expenditures. The obje...
Information technology (IT) governance practices involve efforts by an organization's leadership to influence IT-related decisions through the location of decision rights and the structure of decision processes. Our focus is on two specific aspects of IT governance: IT steering committees and IT-related communication policies. Adopting an inductive...
Because research programs investigating IT-related phenomena are hindered by limitations in the availability of archival data, researchers have used a variety of data collection strategies including the gathering of firms' IT signaling via press releases to the media. Little is known, however, about firms' IT signaling propensities. Here, contents...
IS project managers regularly face the issue of whether to use temporary external personnel to augment internal personnel on software development projects. Based on interviews within 16 organizations, we found that viewing the use of external hires simply as a stop-gap measure can mask potential long-term impacts on an organization's capabilities t...
We studied the early-stage development of a newly formed shared services unit providing IT infrastructure services to multiple enterprises and examined the evolution of the organizing vision established for the unit. Through a three-cycle action research design, we found that the initiallyarticulated organizing vision failed to take hold with const...
This article describes how a global firm (JohnsonDiversey, Inc. - JDI) and an offshore Indian IT service provider (Wipro Technologies) successfully overcame the knowledge-transfer barriers associated with infrastructure management (IM) outsourcing. Case study evidence is used to describe how these two firms worked together to transfer responsibilit...
Much has been learned through IT governance research about the nature of IT-related decisions, the location of decision rights
for these decisions, and governance mechanisms applied to facilitate associated decision processes in large organisations.
Our knowledge about IT governance structures in small and medium-sized enterprises (SME), on the oth...
A conceptual model of post-implementation enterprise resource planning systems (ERP) use is developed and operationalized using a dynamic systems perspective. The primary purpose is to enrich our collective understanding of how companies might facilitate ERP usage to enhance the business value of this technology investment after the initial install...
Organizations incur substantial costs in managing organizational changes associated with the implementation of information systems (IS). However, the relationship between organizational changes and IS implementation costs is not well understood. Extending current research on IS-enabled organizational change, we draw on configuration theory to devel...
For most firms, the information technology (IT) budget represents a major element in the overall firm budget, and IT budget decisions often have significant operational and strategic impacts on the business processes in the firm's value chain. In this paper we use a large unique data set to examine the extent to which IT budgets are affected by env...
This special issue of Information Systems Research includes six papers that investigate the role of information technology for the management of the extended enterprise in the global economy. These papers contribute to our theoretical and practical understanding of how IT is restructuring occupations and industries and how firms can leverage IT for...
With the recent slowdown in productivity growth within the economy, R&D has come under scrutiny as a policy target variable. If such targeting is to be effective, it must be realized that not all innovations employed within a firm are induced by the firm through its own R&D: many innovations are purchased through technological licensing or in the f...
The conduct of information technology (IT) planning processes has been of dominant managerial concern in public and private organizations. Yet, current IT planning research offers little guidance on the types of planning actions and behaviors that are appropriate to organizational contexts. We focus on the conduct of the IT planning process by desc...
An empirical study is described that derives the dimensionality of the concept of information. The resulting information structure was found to be in agreement with the structures suggested in the literature. Additionally, subject evaluations of three distinct report formats were determined using the derived dimensions of information. A graphical f...
This paper examines the financial benefits of information technology investments around newly adopted IT-based supply chain management (SCM) systems by 123 manufacturing firms over the period 1994–2000. We form hypotheses using the value chain to specify the expected financial impact of SCM systems. By examining the change in financial performance...
This paper compares innovative efficiency as proxied by a measure of R&D efficiency, between firms with organic and mechanistic R&D organizational structures. The results of the study support the hypotheses that organic structures experience greater efficiency in basic research, process-related R&D and long-term R&D activities than do mechanistic s...
The redesign of information technology (IT)-enabled work processes often necessitates fundamental design changes to the intended work process, the IT platform hosting the work process, or both. Research suggests that such design changes often can be traced to earlier decisions involving endogenous adaptation or internal organizational change. Two s...
We examine the case of software reuse as a disruptive information technology innovation (i.e., one that requires changes in the architecture of work processes) in software development organizations. Using theories of conflict, coordination, and learning, we develop a model to explain peer-to-peer conflicts that are likely to accompany the introduct...
The existing research on IT governance focuses on understanding enterprise-wide governance, including the major IT-related decisions to be made, the location of decision rights, and governance mechanisms that facilitate decision-making processes in large organizations. Our knowledge about the effects of IT governance structures on IT-use in small-...
For the last 25 years, organizations have invested heavily in information technology to support their work processes. In today's organizations, intra-and interorganizational work systems are increasingly IT-enabled. Available evidence, however, suggests the functional potential of these installed IT applications is underutilized. Most IT users appl...
Working Group WG8.6 has existed for more than 10 years now. During this period, members have continuously challenged the work of the group. Recently, researchers at the Copenhagen Business School conducted an interim review of the group's work in the form of a literature analysis of all WG8.6 conference contributions. The participants of the panel...
Enabling Business Agility Through Information Technology Management Full Text at Springer, may require registration or fee
Individuals' knowledge does not transform easily into organizational knowledge even with the implementation of knowledge repositories. Rather, individuals tend to hoard knowledge for various reasons. The aim of this study is to develop an integrative understanding of the factors supporting or inhibiting individuals' knowledge-sharing intentions. We...
Three perspectives have dominated research on IT adoption, implementation, use, and impacts: technological determinism, organizational imperatives, and the emergent perspective. While the last is most realistic in its assumptions, it falls short in two respects. First, structuration theory, which has served as the underpinning for most research bas...
This paper both confirms and extends the value relevance of information technology (IT) announcements found by K.S. Im et al. (2001) and B.L. Dos Santos et al. (1993). We extend their work by proposing that an overarching construct, the strategic IT role in an industry, accounts for the factors previously found to affect the stock market response t...
We are concerned that the IS research community is making the discipline's central identity ambiguous by, all too frequently, under-investigating phenomena intimately associated with IT-based systems and over-investigating phenomena distantly associated with IT-based systems. In this commentary, we begin by discussing why establishing an identity f...
When an organization’s members depend on the data contained in computer-based systems, they become vulnerable to strategic information manipulation. That is, they become susceptible to situations where their decision-making behaviors can be influenced by others able to access and manipulate this data. This paper describes the results of a field exp...
Before software project managers can enhance productivity and
satisfaction of the software project team member, the effect of
task characteristics, goal orientations, and coordination
strategies on design and coding-task outcomes must be understood. A
research model, which suggests that task interdependence, goal
conflict, and coordination strategi...
This research note both confirms and extends the value relevance of information technology announcements found by Im et al (2001) and Dos Santos et al. (1993). We extend their work proposing an overarching construct, the strategic IT role in an industry, accounts for the factors previously found to affect the stock market response to IT announcemen...
Whether Information Systems should or should not be part of the core business school curriculum is a recurring discussion in many universities. In this article, a task force of 40 prominent information systems scholars address the issue. They conclude that information systems is absolutely an essential body of knowledge for business school students...
Before software project managers can enhance productivity and satisfaction of the software project team member, the effect of task characteristics, goal orientations, and coordination strategies on design and coding-task outcomes must be understood. A research model, which suggests that task interdependence, goal conflict, and coordination strategi...
The ability to integrate dispersed pockets of expertise and in-stitute an organizational repository of knowledge is considered to be vital for sustained effectiveness in contemporary business environments. Information technologies provide cost-effective functionalities for building knowledge platforms through sys-tematic acquisition, storage, and d...
While information technology (IT) has been transforming the business landscape for a long time now, it is only recently that empirical evidence demonstrating the positive impact of IT on firm performance has begun to accumulate. The strategic importance of a firm's IT capabilities is prompting an increasing number of companies to appoint chief info...
The development, communication, use, and benefits of organizational strategic visions have been well documented. Visions focus the enterprise on achieving their strategic goals. Little research has been done to date on the development, communication, and benefits of strategic visions for information technology. Based on a review of the strategic ma...
A variety of new organizational forms have emerged both presaging and in response to the netcentric economy. Common themes across these emerging organizational forms are identified in proposing an overarching characterization – the Designing Organization. Then, the constituent elements of the designing organization are characterized as well as its...
Using numerous real-world examples and anecdotes, this work investigates myriad issues regarding the application of business strategy and IT strategy. It offers managers and students alike an understanding and appreciation of the development of business and information technology strategies to yield competitive advantage.
The development, communication, use, and benefits of organizational strategic visions have been well documented. Visions focus the enterprise on achieving their strategic goals. Little research has been done to date on the development, communication, and benefits of strategic visions for information technology. Based on a review of the strategic ma...
Computer-aided software engineering (CASE) has become an important
part of the information technology landscape and software development
activities. While researchers have examined the productivity gains
associated with CASE, relatively little attention has been accorded to
one of the critical elements of CASE: the repository. The CASE
repository i...
Prior research has generated considerable knowledge about the design of effective IT organizational architectures. Today, however, increasing signs have accumulated that this wisdom might be inadequate in shaping appropriate insights for contemporary practice. This essay seeks to direct research attention toward the following question:How should fi...
With the advent of the digital economy, firms are increasingly relying on information technologies for shaping their business strategies, organization capabilities, structures, and processes, and relationships with their business partners. Disruptions in the traditional means of competition and the use of information technologies for creating new b...
Organizational adaptation to competition often means inventing or adopting a process innovation and the daunting challenge of implementing it. Increasingly, process innovations rely on the capabilities embedded in an organization's IT infrastructure. Successfully implementing an IT-enabled process innovation depends largely on how a project's IT an...
IT governance arrangements refers to the patterns of authority for key IT activities in business firms, including IT infrastructure, IT use, and project management. During the last 20 years, three primary modes of IT governance have become prevalent: centralized, decentralized, and the federal mode. These modes vary in the extent to which corporate...
Experiences identified by channel expansion theory as contributing to media-use knowledge bases were hypothesized to be positively related to the perceived richness of a communications channel. We investigated the hypotheses, using electronic mail as the channel, in both a cross-sectional and a multiwave study. Results varied for types of experienc...
Experiences identified by channel expansion theory as contributing to media-use knowledge bases were hypothesized to be positively related to the perceived richness of a communications channel. We investigated the hypotheses, using electronic mail as the channel, in both a cross-sectional and a multiwave study. Results varied for types of experienc...
This commentary discusses why most IS acade- mic research today lacks relevance to practice and suggests tactics, procedures, and guidelines that the IS academic community might follow in their research efforts and articles to introduce rel- evance to practitioners. The commentary begins by defining what is meant by relevancy in the context of acad...
The structure of the decision faced by a firm to outsource or to retain information services is developed in this paper. Theory regarding the decision structure is discussed and the results of in-depth interviews with a variety of chief information officers presented. Specifically, the forces that drive the outsourcing decision are identified, the...
As interest into the nature and value of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) within organizations continues to grow, it becomes increasingly desirable to establish a tactical linkage between the strategic value of EDI and observed operational benefits. This article provides such a tactical linkage by presenting an approach to EDI measurement consisti...
This article proposes an attributional explanation for individual resistance (or acceptance of) information technology. The focus of the article is on the dynamic process of how individuals make attributions for failed as well as successful experiences with information technology and how this process influences individual resistance of new or chang...
The structure of the decision faced by a firm to outsource or to retain information services is developed in this paper. Theory regarding the decision structure is discussed and the results of in-depth interviews with a variety of chief information officers presented. Specifically, the forces that drive the outsourcing decision are identified, the...
This study examines the impact of the introduction of voice mail on (1) the effectiveness of the interorganizational relationship between a manufacturing firm and its network of dealerships and (2) the sales performance of these dealerships. As voice mail was introduced into two of five sales regions, this trial intervention provided an opportunity...
This paper draws upon the absorptive capacity as the theoretical basis for a pragmatic explanation of key factors affecting information technology (IT) use in large, complex organizations. IT use is defined as the extent to which an organization deploys IT to support operational and strategic tasks. The study uses results from a survey of senior IT...
This paper presents a model of media and information richness perceptions describing the effect of three experiential moderators. As participants overcome the limiting effects of these moderators they will be able to encode messages which are more meaningful to experienced co-participants, thereby expanding the bandwidth of the channel-in-use.
Theoretical constructs serve important roles in facilitating information
and knowledge flows among, between and within information systems
researchers and practitioners. In order for the benefits of constructs
to be fully exploited, they must be appropriately applied and
operationalized. Describes a controlled field study, examining users'
satisfac...
The majority of research on organizational information processing has been based in stable organization contexts. This paper, however, examines information processing behaviors within a Fortune 500 organization that experienced a substantial downsizing, namely, a drastic reduction in both financial and human resources. Addressed in this predownsizi...
This study examines the main and joint effects of DSS implementation activities (design, development, maintenance/use) and selected attributes (subjectivity, complexity, criticality) of the problem domain for which a DSS is being implemented. DSS success is assessed via four measures: relative use, perceived utility, output satisfaction and goal re...
Many alternative approaches have been devised for eliciting information systems requirements. The majority of these approaches, however, assume a familiarity with and understanding of the organizational context by those individuals from whom requirements are to be derived. Such approaches often yield unsatisfactory results when the information syst...
The emergence of advanced information technologies has placed computing capabilities into the hands of virtually every clerical, staff, and managerial employees in public organizations. With the increased emphasis of information technology (IT) in supporting organizational activities in state governments and other public entities, IT planning has a...
The dynamic nature of information can prove troublesome to individuals given the responsibility for managing their acquisition and deployment. Not only is there stream of new products, but existing products are periodically enchanced to reflect technical advances, competitors' actions, or both. The net result is that the general manager and the inf...
This article examines causal mapping as a tool to facilitate the requirements analysis process. Although a number of methodologies are available to facilitate the causal mapping process, a major difficulty is that little is empirically known about the appropriate behaviors to be followed when applying causal mapping techniques. The benefits of appl...
For a technological innovation to be truly valuable, it must be incorporated within the adopting organization's operational or managerial work systems. Prior studies have examined an aspect of incorporation referred to as routinization (e.g., the adjustment of an organization's governance systems to account for the innovation). In this article, Rob...
For a technological innovation to be truly valuable, it must be incorporated within the adopting organization's operational or managerial work systems. Prior studies have examined an aspect of incorporation referred to as routinization (e.g., the adjustment of an organization's governance systems to account for the innovation). In this article, Rob...
Requirements analysis (RA) involves end users and systems analysts interacting in an effort to recognize and specify the data and information needed to develop an information system. In the design of expert systems, a similar process of eliciting information, in this case human knowledge, has been studied under the banner of knowledge acquisition (...
Line managers are increasingly assuming responsibility for planning, building, and running information systems that affect their operations. This is forcing organizations to evaluate how they allocate IT decision-making responsibilities. This paper describes a conceptual framework and an intervention process that can help firms devise and implement...
MIS literature has advocated that information technology decision-making culture could be manipulated to nurture line/lS partnership relations and stimulate lT-based innovation. This research tests the assertion by developing measures of the two constructs, and extensions knowledge by providing finer-grained insights into designing IS organizations...
The objective of this research was to determine if a convergence in understanding between providers and users of a technology would result in greater innovativeness regarding that technology. Two mechanisms were proposed for achieving greater convergence: (1) more frequent communication and (2) the use of richer communication channels. Here, conver...
The primary objective of this study was to identify the perceptual dimensions used by 158 managers and their professional staff at a single large manufacturing firm in differentiating fourteen distinct communication channels available in the firm. Six candidate criteria for differentiating these channels were examined (channel accessibility, inform...
Based on the innovation and technological diffusion literatures, promising research questions concerning the implementation of a production and inventory control information system (material requirements planning: MRP) are identified and empirically examined. These questions focus on the interaction of managerial tasks with the information technolo...
This paper discusses a number of factors influencing the way that science and technology information is requested, framed, transmitted and interpreted when the chips are down and the situation risky. Our research on the use of science and technology (S&T) information in policy analysis draws on research studies of three groups: (1) scientists, whos...
There is increasing pressure upon manufacturing firms to make their processes more efficient and effective. An important factor for improving these manufacturing processes is production and inventory management, and a variety of production and inventory management information systems such as Material Requirements Planning (MRP) have thus been devel...
Data collected from twenty-one firms were used to study the impact of organizational size and structure on the adoption of microcomputers in those firms. The results show that both size and structure had a significant impact on the adoption of microcomputers. Organizational size was measured as the organization's annual sales. The structural charac...
Most prescriptions for managing work assume that employees' assignments are linked to their work roles and career paths. With increasing frequency, however, people are being assigned tasks that are not clearly linked to those factors. Typically -and predictably-performance levels for those "secondary" tasks are lower than for "primary" tasks. This...
Although planning is a crucial information management issue, it must be seen as only one facet of an organization's complete program for information technology management. Attention in this article is first directed toward understanding the larger management context within which planning activities are likely to transpire. The paper then describes...
Citations
... En effet, le modèle d'implémentation des SI proposé par Cooper & Zmud (1990) suppose qu'un nouveau SI initialisé au sein d'une organisation sera adapté, accepté, routinisé puis infusé par les utilisateurs (MEBBANI, 2017). Aux cours de la dernière étape, les comportements postadoptifs non seulement s'intensifient, mais peuvent également diminuer par le temps car les différentes fonctionnalités du système adopté peuvent générer des résistances ; être traitées avec indifférence, ou utilisées de manière limitée (Zmud, 2006). L'infusion se produit lorsque le SI cible s'intègre plus profondément dans le système de travail d'un individu ou d'une organisation (Hafida, 2017). ...
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... Terceirizar é o ato de delegar a um fornecedor, por meio de contrato, a aquisição de bens e/ou serviços (Clark, Zmud & McCray, 1995), ou seja, são trocas sociais baseadas em reciprocidade e normas compartilhadas (Wei, Ulziisukh, Bao, Zuo & Wang, 2021). As organizações terceirizam para suprir restrições de competências não centrais, além de ser uma forma de obter recursos e eficiência de forma duradoura e de permitir razoável flexibilidade à dinâmica do ambiente (Dekker, Mooi & Visser, 2020). ...
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... Enhancing task interdependence is particularly necessary at the beginning of virtual work (e.g., for newcomers). The channel expansion theory (Carlson & Zmud, 1999) suggests that people can proactively adapt to the virtual environment and can develop their abilities and skills to clearly and correctly send and interpret information with richer experiences. In other words, negative consequences caused by computer-mediated communication will be diminished over time. ...
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... We adopt a "theoretical sampling" approach used in previous studies in choosing as our cases six companies across three different industries. We decided to pick three industries that have been used in previous research as having distinct levels of IT/IS intensity of high, intermediate, and low, as rated by academic and industry IT experts, based on how much each industry's processes and products/services offering could be transformed by IT (Chatterjee et al., 2001). The chosen industries are the pharmaceutical/biotechnology industry, the food/beverages industry, and the heavy equipment manufacturing industry. ...
![[object Object]](https://i1.rgstatic.net/ii/profile.image/887843811495943-1588689868916_Q64/Dave-Chatterjee.jpg)
... With the beginning of the use of enterprise IT and its intertwining with the operational and managerial processes of the organization, the expected advantages of IT gradually appear in the organization (Zmud & Apple, 1992;Carraher-Wolverton & Burleson, 2021). However, events that arise from inside or outside the organization (such as requirements for performance improvements, technological improvements or changes, and changes in regulations) cause changes in the enterprise IT, which in turn, lead to periods of IT adaptation (Aanestad & Jensen, 2016;Carraher-Wolverton & Burleson, 2021). ...
... These needs pertain to both the content and communication process perspectives of documentation. Second, documentation is necessary for traceability in terms of compliance with legal requirements, such as the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (Masli et al., 2016) and contractual obligations (Gonzalez, Gasco, & Llopis, 2005). The traceability requisites concern the content perspective of documentation. ...
... ICT research has widely studied the use continuance Jasperson, Carter, & Zmud, 2005;Kaba, 2018). However, most of the findings consider ICT's use continuance as exclusively a conscious and rational decision-making process objectively based on the system's features meeting expected beliefs and needs (Kaba, 2021;Ray & Seo, 2013). ...
... Previous research has characterized coordination into dichotomous pairs, such as programmed vs. unprogrammed (Argote, 1982;March & Simon, 1958;van de Ven, 1976;Willem et al., 2006), standardized vs. mutual adjustment/feedback (Adler, 1995;Malone & Crowston, 1994;Orlikowski, 1996;Thompson, 1967), formal vs. informal (Brown, 1999;Sherif et al., 2006;Tsai, 2002), and mechanistic vs. organic (Andres & Zmud, 2001). The distinction between these pairs is similar; one side favors a structured plan of coordination while the other favors an unstructured, somewhat impromptu coordination style (Claggett & Karahanna, 2018). ...
... Incorporating theories from another discipline strengthens and enhances the linkages or connections between the two disciplines (Stock, 1997). So, there is a continuous call for developing "good theories" (Watson, 2001), especially home-based (here LIS) theories, e.g., theories of our "own" (Lee et al., 2004;Neuman, 2000;Weber, 2003). The paper reports the extent of theory use in LIS research and how and where researchers use theories in their papers, whether in their original format or otherwise modified. ...
... In summary, based on the TOE framework (Fig.3) (Carlson & Zmud, 1994), and the TOE on VCC, this study suggests that IS continuance is a research problem beyond user experience and that TOE is an appropriate theoretical framework to identify factors influencing IS continuance. ...