January 2006
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309 Reads
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50 Citations
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January 2006
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309 Reads
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50 Citations
... Musical action goes beyond physical effort. Hatten describes "effort" in music with respect to planning and action required to overcome environmental and physical forces to achieve musical intention (Hatten, 2017). Musicians must maintain careful interplay between their intention, effort, and restraint to control their technique, stay within the bounds of their instruments and bodies, and execute their intended articulation and expression (Tanaka, 2015). ...
January 2006