Robert Rosenthal’s research while affiliated with University of California, Riverside and other places

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Publications (117)


A Problem of Bias in Behavioral Research. (Book Reviews: The Volunteer Subject)
  • Article

January 1975

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5 Reads

Science

Robert Rosenthal

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Ralph L. Rosnow

Taming of the volunteer problem: On coping with artifacts by benign neglect
  • Article
  • Publisher preview available

July 1974

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10 Reads

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15 Citations

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

Replies to A. W. Kruglanski's article on volunteer bias. Mention is made of some of the published research, not reported in his article, that tends to weaken his conclusions. Disagreement is expressed with his contention that persons behaving similarly cannot be grouped together usefully for research purposes if their behavior has multiple determinants. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)

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Volunteer Effects on Experimental Outcomes

December 1969

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67 Reads

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19 Citations

Educational and Psychological Measurement

2 experiments are reported. Both volunteers (V) and nonvolunteers (NV) were determined on the basis of willingness to participate in a fictitious experiment. In Exp. I, 53 V and 210 NV Ss drawn from an undergraduate class were divided at random into 5 groups. All heard the "Jim" passage patterned after Luchins. Following it there was a positive (P), negative (N), PN, NP, or no (C) final passage. Jim was then rated on 4 traits. Both P and N differed from C although there were no significant V-NV differences. In Exp. II, 60 V and 49 NV Ss rated educationally relevant items embedded in a larger questionnaire. 1 mo. later each S received an individually tailored survey which required the selection of 1 or 2 plans pertinent to previous findings: importance of responding to the university and attractiveness of chosen alternatives. They then rerated the embedded items. Net changes were significantly different under the high attractiveness condition. N and NV Ss did not differ significantly in ratings. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)


Volunteer Subjects and the Results of Opinion Change Studies

January 1967

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17 Reads

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19 Citations

Psychological Reports

Female volunteers and nonvolunteers for a (fictitious) perception experiment participated in a study of opinion change. Opinions about college fraternities were measured before and after the receipt of pro-fraternity, anti-fraternity, or no (control) communication. Volunteers reacted differently from nonvolunteers to pro- and to anti-fraternity communications. In addition, volunteers' opinions were significantly less reliable than the opinions of nonvolunteers, i.e., volunteers were more heterogeneous in their opinion-change behavior. The present results taken together with earlier findings raise the possibility that volunteers more than nonvolunteers may more often confirm what they perceive to be E's hypothesis. Therefore, the volunteer status of the subject sample might well be specified routinely in research reports.




Citations (88)


... These t's correspond to d's ranging from 0.78 to 1.10, which are all considered medium to large effect sizes. We did not use an omnibus F test since apriori focused T tests for 3 variables are better than an omnibus unfocused F test, as argued by Rosnow & Rosenthal (1992). ...

Reference:

An Empirical Study of Gauging Political Leadership: Comparing Trump, Putin and Zelenskyy
Focused tests of significance and effect size estimation in counseling psychology.
  • Citing Chapter
  • January 1992

... The dimensional effect of the detected differences was quantified by calculating Rosenthal's rank correlation (r), providing an estimate of the practical magnitude of the differences between groups. The interpretation of r follows these thresholds: 0.10 ≤ r < 0.24 is considered a small effect, 0.24 ≤ r < 0.37 is a medium effect, and r ≥ 0.37 is a large effect [40]. The analysis was developed in R [41] and the significant value was set to 0.05. ...

Contrasts and Effect Sizes in Behavioral Research: A Correlational Approach
  • Citing Book
  • December 1999

... Even when it comes to 'measuring' career prospects, there may be parallels (to citationbased numbers such as h-indices and JIFs) -at least historically in disciplines such as psychology. As Rosnow and Rosenthal (1989) point out, "It may not be an exaggeration to say that for many PhD students, for whom the .05 alpha has acquired almost an ontological mystique, it can mean joy, a doctoral degree, and a tenure-track position at a major university if their dissertation p is less than .05. ...

Statistical procedures and the justification of knowledge in psychological science.
  • Citing Chapter
  • January 1992

... In recent decades, research has consistently shown that teacher expectations are an important element that affects students' learning outcomes (Friedrich et al., 2015;Gershenson et al., 2015;Li et al., 2023;Lorenz 2018;Meissel et al., 2017;Rubie-Davies & Rosenthal, 2016;Schenke et al, 2017;Timmermans et al., 2021;Tobisch & Dresel, 2017;Wang et al., 2019;Wang et al., 2021;Westphal et al., 2016). Teacher expectations seem to develop in response to certain characteristics of the students and of the teachers themselves (Ross, 1998). ...

Intervening in teachers' expectations: A random effects meta-analytic approach to examining the effectiveness of an intervention
  • Citing Article
  • August 2016

Learning and Individual Differences

... They cannot go back and make these decisions themselves because they are no longer blind to each other's decisions. We know from Hiller, Rosenthal, Bornstein, Berry, and Brunell-Neuleib's (1999) meta-analytic review of the Rorschach that the complex decision making required in construct validity meta-analyses can result in significantly more disagreements between experts than one might assume. ...

A comprehensive meta-analysis of Rorschach and MMPI validity
  • Citing Article
  • January 1999

J.B. Hiller

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R. Rosenthal

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R.F. Bornstein

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[...]

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S. Brunell-Neuleib

... 66,67 These studies were useful in quantifying the surgical benefits and residual deficits of the procedures by determining facial expression through facial landmarks of the mouth or in conjunction with the eyes in videos or images derived from them. [64][65][66]68 AU detection With human facial expressions catalogued into AUs in the Facial Action Coding System, 68 it is possible to more objectively quantify the changes and extent of facial muscle movement. 69 The nature of AUs allows for the objective journals.sagepub.com/home/oed ...

The New Handbook of Methods in Nonverbal Behavior Research
  • Citing Book
  • March 2008

... On the other hand, we 'exploited' (to use a McGuire term) the knowledge that people involved with or interested in an area (e.g. suicidality) would be more likely to volunteer to participate in research on the subject (Harris et al., 2009;Rosenthal and Rosnow, 2009). That increased participation allowed us to better examine study factors through improved statistical power (DeVellis, 2012;Rothman et al., 2012). ...

Empirical Research on Voluntarism as an Artifact-Independent Variable
  • Citing Chapter
  • May 2009

... The right parietal cortex is involved in visuospatial processing (52). For instance, when the right parietal cortex was suppressed, participants were unable to perform spatial tasks (53). Interestingly, when males perform spatial tasks, their bilateral hemispheres are involved, whereas females tend to rely on their right hemispheres (54). ...

A Preface to Three Prefaces
  • Citing Article
  • May 2009

... Transparency was the betweensubjects factor and concurrent task the within-subjects factor. Main effects of transparency, or interactions between transparency and concurrent task demands, were followed up with planned orthogonal contrasts that directly paralleled our hypotheses (Rosenthal and Rosnow, 1985) by comparing high to medium transparency, and high to low transparency, when the concurrent task was present and absent. High transparency served as the benchmark condition, and as such we did not compare the low and medium transparency conditions. ...

Contrast Analysis: Focused Comparisons in the Analysis of Variance.
  • Citing Article
  • December 1987