Robert Cryer’s research while affiliated with WWF United Kingdom and other places

... While advocating for absolute power, Hobbes does acknowledge certain limits to the obligation of obedience. Subjects retain the right of self-preservation and are not obliged to obey commands that would directly harm them (Sreedhar, 2010). ...

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Thomas Hobbes' Contributions to Development Theory and Political Philosophy

... An unsealed arrest warrant against an acting president and a president of a country with permanent membership in the UN Security Council is unprecedented. The arrest warrant focuses on the deportation of Ukrainian children as a war crime (ICC 2023;Kersten 2023;Vasiliev 2023). ...

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Between (ir)responsibility and (in)appropriateness: Conceptualizing norm-related state behaviour in the Russian war against Ukraine

... 10 As exceptionally egregious acts, few would disagree that genocide, 2 Ibid. 3 Ibid. 4 The branch of public international law that deals with the direct criminal responsibility of individuals for criminal violations of international law (Cryer 2018;Stahn 2019). 5 Universal jurisdiction is the legal principle that grants every state the jurisdiction to punish offences that are universally condemned and are recognized as being of universal concern, irrespective of the place where the offence was committed or the nationalities of the perpetrator and the victim (Randall 1988;Bassiouni 2001;Reydams 2003). ...

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International criminalization and the historical emergence of international crimes

... Even some sceptics lauded these developments. Thus, Geoffrey Robertson QC, a severe critic of the international regime, still saw many promising aspects in his text "Crimes against Humanity" (Robertson, 1999). For example, writing in the emergence of international criminal law, he stated that this was why it has been the great achievement of international law, at the close of the twentieth century, to lift the veil of sovereign statehood far enough to make individuals responsible for the crimes against humanity committed by the states they formerly commanded, while at the same time developing a rule that those states have a continuing duty to prosecute and punish them, failing which the international community may bring them to justice. ...

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Remedying the retreat in the protection of citizens international human rights

... Since its establishment, the majority of the ICC's investigations and prosecutions have involved African states, leading to accusations of disproportionate targeting and neo-colonialism (Mills, 2022). Critics argue that this focus reflects broader geopolitical dynamics, as powerful states outside Africa, such as the United States, China, and Russia, have not ratified the Rome Statute and are therefore largely immune from the ICC's jurisdiction (Cryer, 2019). This selectivity undermines the ICC's legitimacy and raises questions about its ability to deliver justice impartially. ...

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Examining the Roles of the International Court of Justice and the International Criminal Court in Upholding Global Justice: A Comparative Analysis

... 107 Comparative research should thus continue regarding the politics of contestation surrounding the many recent and ongoing efforts non-codification IHL-making. 108 In terms of ICRC-led initiatives, another critical case exists in the Interpretive Guidance on the Notion of Direct Participation in Hostilities, 109 and in the revised commentaries on the four Geneva Conventions and the APs. We may also further witness the 'unilateralization' of IHL-making by states, 110 including through the publication of national military manuals that rephrase IHL in ways that 102 ...

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From treaty to custom: Shifting paths in the recent development of international humanitarian law

... Some scholars have argued that crimes against humanity are as old as humanity itself, and were first established to bridge certain gaps in the law of war. 69 For instance, during the Nuremberg trial, some defendants were charged with war crimes, and crimes against humanity for certain crimes that would now be defined as genocide. 70 However, other scholars believe that crimes against humanity can be traced back to World War I after the enforced displacement and murder of Armenians, denounced by the Allied powers as 'crimes against civilization and humanity'. ...

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(Not) in the High Court of Australia. The Judgment of the (mythical) the Honourable Justice Phantom.

... 131 The following chapter by Robert Cryer discusses the Darfur situation under the ICC's complementarity regime. 132 It reveals that Darfur was the most challenging situation to the Court and to its complementarity principle. 133 The lack of will by the international community to oblige Sudan to investigate and prosecute core crimes perpetrated against civilians in that region (or to surrender the indicted people to the ICC, particularly Sudanese President Omar al-Bashir), has put the Court and the entire international criminal system in a dilemma. ...

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The International Criminal Court and Complementarity

... Аналіз останніх досліджень і публікацій. Спроби осягнення суті заявленої проблематики у найбільш загальному її ракурсі знаходять своє відображення у фундаментальних роботах Ш. Бассіуні [22], Ґ. Верле [38], Н. А. Зелінської [1], А. Кассезе [7], Р. Краєра [12] та надалі деталізуються у низці спорадичних наукових праць окремих фахівців, серед яких особливу увагу сьогодні заслуговує доробок Б. Бановича [29], С. Ф. де Гурменді [14], К. Б. Карлсон [6], Є. Д. Оліна [27], В. Ранджеловича [29], С. Сокович [29] та ін. Формулювання мети статті. ...

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ПОКАРАННЯ У МІЖНАРОДНОМУ КРИМІНАЛЬНОМУ ПРАВІ: МАПУВАННЯ ВИКЛИКІВ НА ШЛЯХУ ДО КОНЦЕПТУАЛІЗАЦІЇ ПОНЯТТЯ

... 19 On the first approach, command responsibility is characterized as a mode of liability, as a doctrine that inculpates the commander as a party to their subordinate's crimes. 20 On the second approach, command responsibility is described as sui generis, as entailing a mix of a mode of liability and a separate offence of omission. 21 On the third approach, command responsibility is a separate offence of omission, i.e., an offence defined by the commander's own dereliction of duty. ...

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Causation and the Legal Character of Command Responsibility after Bemba at the International Criminal Court