Robert C. Ziller’s research while affiliated with University of Illinois Chicago and other places

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Publications (38)


Social insulation, self-complexity, and social attraction: A theory chain
  • Article

December 1977

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62 Reads

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22 Citations

Journal of Research in Personality

Robert C Ziller

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R.T Martell

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R.H Morrison

In a theory chain extending Byrne's theory of social attraction, links are described between breadth of social interaction and complexity of the self-concept as well as between complexity of the self-concept and social attraction. In the first series of studies, it was shown that communication-handicapped adolescents and physically handicapped children, as well as terminally ill patients, indicate lower self-complexity. In a second series of studies, it was found that persons with more complex self-concepts identify more closely with others, perceive themselves as more similar to objectively dissimilar others, and are more popular sociometrically.


Self-orientation and quality of life

December 1974

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16 Reads

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49 Citations

Social Indicators Research

A theory, related measures, and series of studies are presented here which proffer a new approach to the study of quality of life. The approach is phenomenological. The quality of life evaluation is assumed to be in the eye of the experiencer. To facilitate the experiencer's communication, a non-verbal technique of measuring the personal meaning of events and environments is employed. A series of studies are described which emerge from this framework dealing with alienation; gain or loss of social status; love, marriage, and parenthood; and transitional states. Finally new uses of the approach are proposed.


Self-description as a function of evaluative and activity ratings among American and Indian adolescents

January 1971

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6 Reads


Self-Description as a Function of Evaluative and Activity Ratings among American and Indian Adolescents

December 1970

Back-translated adjectives in Telugu and English were checked as self-descriptive by Indian and American adolescents and rated on evaluative and activity scales by college students in each culture. Both commonalities and differences between cultures were found in the connotations of the adjectives. Indians and boys endorsed more adjectives, and there were significant interactions among culture, sex, and words endorsed. Higher endorsement-evaluation and lower endorsement-activity correlations were found for the Indians. Results suggested a greater effect for social desirability for Indians, a greater value for activity for Americans, greater sex differences for Americans, and greater cultural differences for boys.


Self-Other Orientations in Institutionalized Behavior-Problem Adolescents
  • Article
  • Publisher preview available

February 1970

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9 Reads

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10 Citations

38 male and 20 female adolescents, institutionalized because of behavior problems, were contrasted with normal controls of the same age and sex with the Self-Social Symbols Tasks, a nonverbal test of self-other relations. Significant differences were found for 7 of the 12 measures. The maladjusted group was found to be higher in egocentricity, lower in esteem, social interest, individuation, and on 3 measures of identification. Response patterns were similar to those found in earlier studies for adult neuropsychiatric patients. (22 ref.)

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Self-esteem: A self-social construct

February 1969

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173 Reads

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140 Citations

Defines self-esteem within a context of self-other orientation, and describes an instrument which is designed to measure the evaluation of the self in relation to significant others using topological representations of self and others and involving limited verbal demands. Results of a program of research are described which emanate from an evolving theory of social self-esteem. Results suggest that self-acceptance and social acceptance are inextricably combined and raise serious doubts about the meaning of earlier results concerning self-esteem which were based upon verbal self-reports. (40 ref.)


Self esteem and consistency of social behavior

August 1968

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27 Reads

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27 Citations

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF A THEORY OF SELF-OTHER ORIENTATIONS, IT WAS PROPOSED THAT THE SELF-CONCEPT IS A MEDIATING AGENT BETWEEN THE ORGANISM AND THE SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT, AND THAT SELF-ESTEEM IS THAT COMPONENT OF THE SELF-SYSTEM WHICH IS ASSOCIATED WITH THE ORGANISM'S CONSISTENCY OF SOCIAL RESPONSE. THE CONSISTENCY OF THE LEVEL OF PARTICIPATION OF SS IN GROUP THERAPY SESSIONS WAS ASSOCIATED WITH SELF-ESTEEM AS MEASURED THROUGH TASKS REQUIRING JUXTAPOSITION OF SELF AND SIGNIFICANT OTHERS. SELF-ESTEEM WAS ALSO POSITIVELY RELATED TO FREQUENCY OF VERBAL PARTICIPATION. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)


Self-Ratings on the Semantic Differential: Content versus Response Set

July 1968

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10 Reads

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3 Citations

Self-ratings by 376 children (grades 1-6) on 2 scales of the semantic differential were scored for content (power and evaluation) and for extremity response set. Set was related negatively to mental age (r = -.59) and positively to the evaluative (r = +.45) and power (r = +.23) scales. Content scores, with set controlled, were related to sex and IQ. It was concluded that this technique is useful for investigating children's verbal self-reports, but that controls for extremity set are needed.




Citations (28)


... This is associated with an increase in mothers working outside the home. All of these factors tend to be associated with greater individualism (Long et al. 1966). China's one child program could also lead to more individualism in Chinese families. ...

Reference:

Beliefs About Infant Feeding in China and the United States: Implications for Breastfeeding Promotion
A Study of Individualism: Some Demographic and Psychological Correlates
  • Citing Article
  • September 1966

Social Forces

... The relationship between age and jury participation has not been extensively explored in previous research on the participation rates of actual jurors. Small group research has suggested that older males participate more than younger males, while younger females participate more than older females (Ziller and Exline 1958). More recently, Hastie et al. (1983) found in their mock jury study with community members that the middle-aged jurors tended to participate more than older and younger jurors, although the researchers noted that age and education were correlated so it was difficult to assess whether age by itself was an important influence. ...

Some Consequences of Age Heterogeneity in Decision-Making Groups
  • Citing Article
  • September 1958

Sociometry

... Second, we posit that newcomers' own behavior can influence the way groups respond to them. This approach goes beyond studies that examined whether the utilization of newcomer knowledge depends on diffuse newcomer cues that may reduce concerns about group attachment, such as belonging to the same organization (Kane, 2010;Kane, et al., 2005) or the same race (Ziller, Behringer, & Goodchilds, 1960). Our focus on what newcomers can do to positively influence the utilization of their knowledge also diverges from research examining whether newcomer acceptance depends on newcomers' pro-social personality traits, such as extraversion (Joardar & Matthews, HOW NEWCOMERS INFLUENCE KNOWLEDGE UTILIZATION 4 2010) or agreeableness (Kammeyer-Mueller & Wanberg, 2003). ...

The Minority Newcomer in Open and Closed Groups
  • Citing Article
  • July 1960

... bis 4. Klasse), auch wenn mit zunehmendem Alter der Kinder die Wahlhäufigkeit der extremen Antwortalternativen abnahm und die beiden mittleren Alternativen häufiger gewählt wurden. Ähnliche Veränderungen im Antwortverhalten beobachteten auch andere Autorenteams (Long, Ziller & Henderson, 1968;Trautner & Degenhart, 1988, zit. nach Baldering, 1993. Baldering (1993) vermutete, die Tendenz, extremere Antworten zu bevorzugen, könnte unter anderem vom Alter und damit von der kognitiven Entwicklung abhängen. ...

Developmental Changes in the Self-Concept during Adolescence
  • Citing Article
  • June 1968

The School Review

... In contrast to agency, liked is a relatively longstanding construct, originally in the form of interpersonal attraction; an aspect of social cohesion (Back 1951), and in the negative sense, interpersonal conflict (Exline and Ziller 1959). A lack of liked-aligned items may have been the result of prioritising behaviours rather than perceptions. ...

Status Congruency and Interpersonal Conflict in Decision-Making Groups
  • Citing Article
  • April 1959

Human Relations

... Al respecto emergen varias explicaciones, en primer lugar, los estudios previos han demostrado que los grupos heterogéneos son más exitosos entre hombres, pero no entre mujeres (Ziller, 1955); teniendo en cuenta que el criterio para conformar los grupos en nuestro estudio correspondió al nivel inicial de comprensión lectora y no al sexo de los sujetos, sería comprensible entonces que los grupos heterogéneos no hubiesen superado a los grupos homogéneos. En segundo lugar, el hecho de que los propios estudiantes conformaran sus grupos pudo incidir positivamente en su desempeño y autorregulación (Brindley et ál., 2009;Juwah, 2006). ...

Scales of Judgment: A Determinant of the Accuracy of Group Decisions
  • Citing Article
  • May 1955

Human Relations

... From the first studies of Ziller (1957) and Wang et al, (2021) to more recent theories of team effectiveness, team size has been recognized as a critical structural variable affecting team processes and, as a result, the performance of the team. Smaller teams enable more effective intra-team communication and more effort from all team members (Cha et al, 2015). ...

Group Size: A Determinant of the Quality and Stability of Group Decisions
  • Citing Article
  • June 1957

Sociometry

... Ziller 1965); in general, however, it corroborates the notion that new members can use help when being integrated into established groups. A number of studies exemplify the difficulties newcomers may experience in many types of groups: For instance, children new in school and social groups are found to be inhibited in their actions (Washburn 1932) as well as exposed to dislike and hostility from other children (Ziller and Behringer 1961;Feshbach and Sones 1971). Personnel changes can cause stress for the organisation as well as for the newcomer (e.g. ...

A Longitudinal Study of the Assimilation of the New Child in the Group
  • Citing Article
  • May 1961

Human Relations

... Greater familiarity may hinder the generation of new ideas and solutions because of social affiliative or conformity pressures that discourage sharing different viewpoints and critiques [20], [24]. Team members who are more familiar with each other are more interpersonally oriented, expending energy to strive for and maintain social status [25]. Teams with greater familiarity have stronger social ties, leading them to place disproportionate emphasis on shared versus novel information [26], [27]. ...

Group creativity under conditions of success or failure and variations in group stability

... Bundan dolayı, dikey iletişimler veya "yukarıdan aşağıya" ve "aşağıdan yukarıya" giden iletişim hatları geliştirmekle ilgilenirler. Bu senaryoda, ortaya çıkan grup faaliyetleri ve ekip çalışması, kuruluşun stratejik etkinliğinin temel belirleyicileri haline gelmektedir (Ziller, 1957). ...

Four Techniques of Groups Decision Making under Uncertainity