Richard Koestner’s research while affiliated with McGill University and other places

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Publications (243)


Figure 1. Moderation Effect of Cultural Hierarchy on the Relation Between Parental AS and Adolescents' Autonomous Self-Regulation
Correlations Between Variables in Adolescents
Parental Autonomy Support and Child Psychosocial Adjustment: Examining the Role of Cultural Hierarchy
  • Article
  • Full-text available

July 2024

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125 Reads

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1 Citation

International Journal of Child Youth and Family Studies

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Richard Koestner

The studies described in this paper investigated whether cultural hierarchy plays a moderating role in the association between parental autonomy support and child psychosocial adjustment, employing samples presenting a wide range of cultural variability (parents born in 71 different nations). The participants’ cultural backgrounds, based on the parents’ birth country, were rated in terms of emphasis on hierarchical power using Schwartz’s dimensional coding system. Structural equation modelling analyses revealed no moderation effect of cultural hierarchy on the relation between parental autonomy support and child outcomes, with the exception of the relation between parental autonomy support and adolescents’ autonomous self-regulation. As expected, parental autonomy support and cultural hierarchy were significantly and negatively correlated. Parental autonomy support was often associated with indicators of youth psychosocial adjustment, whereas cultural hierarchy was generally unrelated to adjustment. These results support self-determination theory’s position on the universal benefits of autonomy support.

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Owning the Plan: The Role of Autonomous If-Then Planning for Goal Progress and Action Crisis

March 2024

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65 Reads

Personality and Individual Differences

Autonomous motivation arising from a sense of truly valuing or enjoying one’s pursuits (“wanting to do it”) is associated with goal progress and well-being. Likewise, setting an implementation intention in the form of an if-then plan can lead to improved goal outcomes. We introduce the concept of autonomous motivation for if-then plans and study its association with plan enactment, goal progress, and action crisis severity (goal conflict) in the context of a goal study (N = 379). Results suggest that autonomous goal motivation is positively related to autonomous if-then plan motivation. Moreover, analyses reveal a positive synergistic effect of autonomous if-then plan motivation and frequency of plan enactment on goal progress and action crises: Goal progress was boosted, and action crises were minimized with higher autonomous if-then plan motivation and greater frequency of plan enactment. Implications of these results for promoting goal striving are discussed.


Figure 1. The final model of the results of the structural equation model. Covariances were specified for the outcome that are not drawn in the figure. Asterisks indicate significant variables, ** p<.01, *** p<.001.
Descriptive information and correlations between study variables.
Autonomy Support on Emotion Regulation, Posttraumatic Growth, and Subjective Well-Being during the COVID-19 Crisis

February 2024

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54 Reads

Amidst the challenges posed by the COVID-19 crisis, marked variations in individuals' resilience and vulnerability have emerged. This eight-month longitudinal study engaged 535 community adults (58% female, Mage = 43.97) to explore the nuanced aspects of coping and personal growth during the challenging period. Grounded in Self-Determination Theory, the research examines the influence of autonomy support from close others—manifested through active listening and providing choices—on psychological need satisfaction (i.e., autonomy, competence, and relatedness), integrative regulation of emotions; posttraumatic growth; and subjective well-being (positive affect and life satisfaction). Structural equation modeling revealed that, over time, the experience of psychological need satisfaction was intricately related to integrative regulation, posttraumatic growth, positive affect, and life satisfaction. Notably, the impact was partially mediated by autonomy support. These findings shed light on the pivotal role that autonomy supported relationships play in fostering personal growth and meaning making during life's difficult junctures. The study underscores the practical significance of purposeful support from close others and paves the way for future research endeavors.





Disparities in Healthcare Accessibility and Discrimination Faced by Black Quebecers: a Race and Language Perspective

July 2023

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52 Reads

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1 Citation

Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities

The Black population in Canada is characterized by its long-established history and diversity. The present study aims to expand our current understanding of the relation between discrimination and disparities in healthcare by including race and language as determinants of health. We recruited 531 Black adults who are currently living in Quebec, Canada, to complete a survey measuring socio-demographic characteristics, mental and physical health, accessibility to healthcare, and experiences of discrimination. Results showed that being a racialized and linguistic minority population in Quebec, English-speaking Black participants experienced more discrimination, fewer healthcare providers, less access to COVID-19 information during the COVID-19 pandemic, and were more dissatisfied with the healthcare system than French-speaking Black participants. Furthermore, the negative impacts of healthcare access associated with being a racialized and linguistic minority population in Quebec (e.g., the English-speaking Black population) were shown to be mediated by experiences of discrimination and dissatisfaction with the healthcare system.


Context matters: Need frustration predicts self-critical perfectionism within domains and over time

June 2023

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34 Reads

Research suggests that perfectionism can vary across contexts, but what explains this variation? Across two studies (total N=783), we examined whether frustration or satisfaction of a person’s basic psychological needs (for autonomy, competence, and relatedness) predicts perfectionism within domains (Study 1) and over time (Study 2). Consistent with our hypothesis, people tended to be more self-critical in domains where their needs were frustrated. Further, being in a context where needs are frustrated tended to exacerbate self-critical perfectionism over time. Exploratory analyses provided mixed evidence for the association between need satisfaction and personal standards. Notably, however, being in a context where needs are satisfied decreased self-critical perfectionistic tendencies over time. By better understanding when people are likely to exhibit maladaptive perfectionistic tendencies that undermine mental health and well-being, researchers can develop targeted interventions focusing on creating need supportive environments and/or helping people adaptively cope in situations where their needs are frustrated.


Citations (80)


... Specifically, some authors have considered the interrelationship between the Big Five personality traits and student engagement in the classroom, particularly during the unexpected virtual learning environment associated with education during the COVID-19 pandemic. In undergraduate students, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, and Neuroticism have been linked to online engagement [25,26], cyberslacking via engaging in other activities during class [27], and motivation [25]. However, the relationship between the Big Five personality traits and learning engagement has yet to be studied in students below the university level and, certainly, in adolescents with learning differences. ...

Reference:

Exploring Correlates of Student Preferences for Virtual or In-Class Learning among Neurodiverse Adolescents Using a Single-Case Design Methodology
The Unanticipated Virtual Year: How the Big 5 Personality Traits of Openness to Experience and Conscientiousness Impacted Engagement in Online Classes during the COVID-19 Crisis
  • Citing Article
  • September 2023

Journal of College Reading and Learning

... In the case of protest action, Becker et al. (2011) found that collective action was positively associated with positive affect among German youth. Also, Lafreniere et al. (2023) found that Black Lives Matter (BLM) activism (mixed protesting and online participation) among Black young adults living in Canada had a positive cross-sectional association with life satisfaction. This was also corroborated by Klar and Kasser's (2009) results on high-risk activism (representing protest action). ...

Gender differences in perceived racism threat and activism during the Black Lives Matter social justice movement for Black young adults
  • Citing Article
  • April 2023

Journal of Community Psychology

... It is possible to explain this situation by ensuring harmony between learner expectations and the instructional efforts of candidate teachers. In this study, which is quite broad in scope, it can be said that the tendencies and behaviours of candidate teachers lead to the following effects on learners: causing changes in students' attitudes (Reeve and Tseng, 2011;Teo and Lee, 2010;Faulkner-Schneider, 2005, Schraw and, meeting expectations (Koestner and Levine, 2023;Kallery, et al, 2009;Tsai, 2002); contributing to the positive interaction between learner and teacher (Reeve and Tseng, 2011;Hamre and Pianta, 2006) encouraging critical thinking (Wei and Hu, 2018); and increasing autonomy, motivation and self-determination (Reeve, 2022(Reeve, , 2016Deci, 2020, 2017). ...

Causality Orientations Theory: SDT’s Forgotten Mini-Theory
  • Citing Chapter
  • February 2023

... To the extent that these basic needs are supported by others, people's autonomous engagement increases, leading to healthy emotional processing and integrative regulation. A growing number of self-determination theory research has supported the paramount importance of the clinician's basic need support in the context of health interventions, facilitating clients' engagement (e.g., Zuroff & Koestner, 2023). In particular, and relevant for the data of this study, self-determination theory research has revealed that high-quality listening, especially when the other expresses affect-laden or potentially threatening messages to self, is autonomy and relatedness supportive and enhances disclosure and integrative emotion regulation (Weinstein et al., 2022). ...

Autonomy Support and Autonomous Motivation: Common Factors in Counseling and Psychotherapy
  • Citing Chapter
  • February 2023

... Several strategies are supportive of psychological needs, such as encouraging people to reflect on important life aspirations, values, and long-term interests; considering external pressures and how they relate to their goals; and creating goal-attainment plans (Teixeira et al., 2020). In addition, a large body of research has shown that to the extent that goals are more congruent with an individual's personally held values, they experience more meaning, intrinsic motivation, and well-being (Emmons, 2003;Holding & Koestner, 2023;Klinger, 2012;Sheldon, 2014;Sheldon & Elliot, 1999). ...

The Role of Motivation in the Lifecycle of Personal Goals
  • Citing Chapter
  • February 2023

... Ello deriva en desigualdades para los hablantes cuya lengua materna no represente el poder (Aranibar y Patiño, 2022). Nweze et al. (2023) reconocen también a la discriminación lingüística que se basa en la lengua que una persona habla o acento, manifestándose a través de la estigmatización y menosprecio de lenguas minoritarias, lo que tiene efectos negativos en la autoestima e identidad cultural de los hablantes de esas lenguas (Nweze et al., 2023). ...

The Impact of Language on the Mental Health of Black Quebecers
  • Citing Article
  • February 2023

Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities

... This seemingly mediated the positive effect of the didactical innovation on stress levels reported at the end of the course. This finding aligns with previous research showing that greater autonomy support promotes positive affect and better performance through autonomous motivation, while increased self-criticism leading to negative affect is mediated by controlled motivation [54]. Although we identified perceived competence and pressure to be among the most impactful predictors of stress at t 1 , our innovation did not succeed in significantly improving these factors by providing only strengths-based positive feedback. ...

A multilevel perspective on self-determination theory: Predictors and correlates of autonomous and controlled motivation

Motivation and Emotion

... It is a teaching model where students watch asynchronous instructional videos or read some texts, articles, or books as homework while discussions, projects, experiments, and personalized coaching is carried out during class [3]. Other research highlights that FL has at least three essential elements: students obtain the majority of their course material from outside of the classroom; students actively engage with the material, other students, and the teacher in the classroom to complete higher-order learning activities; and students are required to complete outside-of-class tasks in order to benefit from the in-class activities [8]. ...

A Self-Determination Theory Perspective on How to Choose, Use, and Lose Personal Goals
  • Citing Article
  • April 2018

... Recent reviews have demonstrated that it plays an important role in the development of a wide range of disorders, considering it to be a transdiagnostic dimension and a vulnerability factor that contributes to the development and maintenance of several mental health difficulties (Gilbert & Irons, 2005;Werner et al., 2019). It should be noted that the literature is particularly consistent when it comes to relating self-criticism to depressive symptoms, in both adults (Petrocchi et al., 2019;Aruta et al., 2021;Powers et al., 2023) and children (McIntyre et al., 2018;Barcaccia et al., 2020). ...

Autonomy support buffers the impact of self-criticism on depression
  • Citing Article
  • January 2023

Personality and Individual Differences

... Health information literacy refers to a person's ability to acquire, evaluate and use health knowledge and information (Fu et al., 2021). According to social cognitive theory, there is a positive correlation between health efficacy and health information literacy, which involves knowing where to find relevant information and how to identify it (Lee et al., 2020;Audet et al., 2023). Information literacy and the ability to access relevant information are closely linked (Okunola et al., 2017). ...

The depth of stories: How Black young adults' disclosure of high arousal negative affect in narratives about the COVID‐19 pandemic and the BLM protests improved adjustment over the year 2020

Journal of Community Psychology